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AP US History vocabulary list: Difference between revisions
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=== Economics === | === Economics === | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:artisanal republicanism"| the ideal of agricultural-based, independence through self-sufficiency and independent farms}}</ul></li> | |||
* banks & stock markets | |||
* cotton gin | * cotton gin | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:division of labor| as the economy expanded through growing population, connected markets (roads, canals and, eventually, railroads), the traditional artisanal economy that was self-sufficiency (building everything locally) yielded to specialized labor and skills that were used for only certain aspects of industrial and commercial production; so, rather than one person making a cabinet, multiple sets of workers would specialize in certain aspects of that production (metal or wood, working, painting, etc.); specialized labor, or "division of labor" led to set wages for types of jobs, with low-skilled jobs getting paid the least; the system challenged the Jeffersonian belief in "artisanal republicanism"}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Erie Canal | started in 1817 by the state of New York, connected the Hudson River with Lake Erie, thus joining New York City and its coastal and ocean trade networks to the Midwest, which provided markets for industrial goods, raw materials for factories, and movement of people and ideas; the Erie canal was a huge investment, thus needed financing from the state and its banking partners; the canal's economic importance is tremendous, although it and other canals were eclipsed by railroads due to the faster speed of railroads and their geographic flexibility; note that river-transportation is more efficient than on canals, especially with steamboats (that can move upstream), so rivers remain significant carriers of commercial traffic today}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:labor theory of value| a theory promoted by labor union organizers that the workers should profit from the goods they produce more than the owners of the factories}}</ul></li> | |||
* land speculation | * land speculation | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:machine tools| an industry that specialized in making machines and tools for use in other factories; these industries became expert at mechanical production, especially using metals}}</ul></li> | |||
* market revolution | | * market revolution | | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:mineral-based economy| into the 1830s, the growing use of coal to power mills and factories supplemented the need for water mills; growing mining expertise and use of "furnaces" (smelters to melt metals) led to production of metals and metal-based items, including machines, household goods, etc.}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:transportation revolution| before canals, roads and railroads, cities and commerce were dependent on useful natural routes, such as rivers, coastlines and natural paths; canals connected larger waterways; developed roads created more efficient paths across land, and railroads created the ability to move large loads across the land; these developments connected markets, attracted investment and development of land, and fueled the economic, political and demographic growth of the nation}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Waltham-Lowell System| refers to the use of young women as workers in large textile mills; most women came from farms, and took the jobs under the assurance that the factories would care for them with oversight over behaviors and mandatory church attendance; starting in 1820s in Boston, the system spread to other factories in MA and NH ; the system provided a degree of independence to these young women, as well as to earn money for their families}}</ul></li> | |||
=== Slavery === | === Slavery === | ||