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AP US History vocabulary list: Difference between revisions
→General terms to know for US History
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== General terms to know for US History == | == General terms to know for US History == | ||
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<ul><li>{{#tip-text:abolitionism|the movement to end slavery; abolition, | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:abolitionism|the movement to end slavery; abolition, abolitionist; see also emancipation}}</ul> | ||
abolitionist; see also emancipation}}</ul> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:aristocratic|of high social status, usually conferred by birth; note "titles of nobility" are banned by US Constitution}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:aristocratic|of high social status, usually conferred by birth; note "titles of nobility" are banned by US Constitution}}<li>authority</ul> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:authority|the source and/or exercise of power; as a source of power, authority indicates the legitimacy of its exercise ("by what authority?"); as the exercise of power, authority is its methods (how power is used), person (who or what exercises the power) and its extents and limits}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:blue collar v. white collar| blue collar = workers, in reference to the blue "coveralls" laborers may wear (originally clothing made of denim or coarse fabric); white = refernence to the collars of a white dress shirt}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:blue collar v. white collar| blue collar = workers, in reference to the blue "coveralls" laborers may wear (originally clothing made of denim or coarse fabric); white = refernence to the collars of a white dress shirt}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:cession|leaving the Union or a state }}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:cession|leaving the Union or a state }}</ul></li> | ||
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<ul><li>{{#tip-text:''de facto'' v. ''de jure''|"in fact" v. "in law"; ''de facto'' means something that exists in practice; whereas ''de jure'' means a practice according to law; examples of ''de facto'' v. ''de jure'' conditions include continued discrimination after bans on legal racial segregation, continued use of alcohol despite its legal ban under the 19th amendment, etc.}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:''de facto'' v. ''de jure''|"in fact" v. "in law"; ''de facto'' means something that exists in practice; whereas ''de jure'' means a practice according to law; examples of ''de facto'' v. ''de jure'' conditions include continued discrimination after bans on legal racial segregation, continued use of alcohol despite its legal ban under the 19th amendment, etc.}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:delegate (as noun and verb)|n: a representative to a political body; v. to assign or pass along a task, power, or sovereignty}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:delegate (as noun and verb)|n: a representative to a political body; v. to assign or pass along a task, power, or sovereignty}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:democracy|a form of government decidied by majority vote; a "pure democracy" would make every governmental or collective decision by a simple majority vote; the U.S. form of government has democratic elements constrained by republican structures of divided and limited government, and certain requirements for "super majority" votes (in the US Senate and for Constitutional amendment}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:direct tax|a tax that is applied "directly" to persons as opposed to an activity or material; the income tax is a "direct" tax, which required Constitutional amendment to allow under the law}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:direct tax|a tax that is applied "directly" to persons as opposed to an activity or material; the income tax is a "direct" tax, which required Constitutional amendment to allow under the law}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:disenfranchised|not allowd to vote; can be ''de jure'' (legal voting restrictions) or ''de facto'' (forcible, if illegal, voting restrictions}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:disenfranchised|not allowd to vote; can be ''de jure'' (legal voting restrictions) or ''de facto'' (forcible, if illegal, voting restrictions}}</ul></li> | ||
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<ul><li>{{#tip-text:popular sovereignty|1850s political stance that held that territories and states should accept or not accept the practice of slavery based upon a vote of the people (i.e., "popular"; sovereignty = rule}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:popular sovereignty|1850s political stance that held that territories and states should accept or not accept the practice of slavery based upon a vote of the people (i.e., "popular"; sovereignty = rule}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:precedent| the judicial practice of adhereing to prior or "preceding" decisions; decisions that change "precedent" are considered "landmark"}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:precedent| the judicial practice of adhereing to prior or "preceding" decisions; decisions that change "precedent" are considered "landmark"}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:prohibition| >> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:power|power is exercised and/or expressed through 1) authority (source of power); 2) legitimacy (legality or justification for the power; 3) sovereignty (ultimate or "supreme" source of power, its heirarchies (levels) and ability to exercise power; power that has no authority has no legitimacy; power that is legitimate but has no authority is not sovereign, etc.}} </ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:"Republican motherhood"| the Early Republic belief that the role of a patriotic mother was to raise their sons as good "republicans," i.e. members of a self-governed society (not the political party)>> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:prohibition|movement to ban the sale and consumnption of alchohol; "prohibition" may also be used regarding banning of other items, manufacture, or consumption; the period of "Prohibition" started in 1920 with the 18th Amendment and ended in 1932 with the 21st Amendment; the "temperance" movemement was the activism to achieve prohibition}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:republic|a state (in the sense of a nation) that is governed democratically through representative demoocracy, usually with divided authorities, such as legislative, executive and judicial branches of the government; in the U.S. republican governance also divides power between the federal government and the states; across U.S. history, the republican form of governance has changed in terms of citizen participation, starting with white male elites and/or landowners over the age of 21 (generally), extending to freed male slaves, to women, and by lowering the votiong age to 18; republicanism has also changed with the growth of federal over state powers}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:"Republican motherhood"| the Early Republic belief that the role of a patriotic mother was to raise their sons as good "republicans," i.e. members of a self-governed society (not the political party)}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:republican principles|"republicanism" is a form of self=government through democratically elected representatives; the "republican principles," therefore, are those ideals exercised to affect republican (representative) self-government; republicanism is also associated with divided and limited government}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:state|a sovereign political unit; in the "United States" the states are independent political entities that have yielded certain powers or sovereignties to the central government; internationally, a "state" is a country or nation (thus the "State Department" as the executive department that represents the country)}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:state|a sovereign political unit; in the "United States" the states are independent political entities that have yielded certain powers or sovereignties to the central government; internationally, a "state" is a country or nation (thus the "State Department" as the executive department that represents the country)}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:states rights| sovereignty and powers of states; generally, the belief that the federal government should not "infringe" }}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:states rights| sovereignty and powers of states; generally, the belief that the federal government should not "infringe" }}</ul></li> | ||