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 === Volcanos ===
+* '''Cueva de los Verdes ("the cave of Verdes")'''
+** world's longest "lava tube" was created 3,000 years ago by the eruption of Monte Corona, Canary Islands
+** lava tubes are formed when a lava stream cools and solidifies at the top, while lava below continues to flow, leaving a cave after full draining.
+** the cave is 3.7 miles long on land and extends another 0.93 miles under water
+** see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cueva_de_los_Verdes Cueva de los Verdes (wikipedia)]
 * '''Mt. Mayon, Philippines'''
 ** a stratovolcano that has a near-perfectly symmetric, or "perfect", cone
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 ** traditionally worshipped
 ** see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayon
-* '''Cueva de los Verdes ("the cave of Verdes")'''
-** world's longest "lava tube" was created 3,000 years ago by the eruption of Monte Corona, Canary Islands
+* '''Mt. St. Helens, Washington (state)'''
-** lava tubes are formed when a lava stream cools and solidifies at the top, while lava below continues to flow, leaving a cave after full draining.
+** an active stratovolcano
-** the cave is 3.7 miles long on land and extends another 0.93 miles under water
+** part of the "Cascades Volcanic Arc"
-** see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cueva_de_los_Verdes Cueva de los Verdes (wikipedia)]
+** lies 52 miles from Portland, OR
-* '''April's Fool volcano prank'''
+** erupted on May 18, 1980
-** on April 1, 1974, pranksters climbed atop the dormant 3002 ft high  volcano, Mt. Edgecumbe, near Sitka, Alaska
+** "lateral" eruption (sideways instead of straight up)
-** a helicopter had dropped off old tires, kerosene, smoke bombs and rags, which the pranksters lit and threw into the crater
+*** was triggered a 5.1 magnitude earthquake
-** a Coast Guard helicopter was dispatched to observe the eruption and instead saw a man standing by spray-painted show reading, "APRIL FOOL."
+** deadliest volcano in U.S. history
-** see https://www.iflscience.com/environment/the-greatest-april-fools-day-prank-of-all-time-took-four-years-to-plan-and-involved-a-volcano/ Greatest April Fools Day Prank of All Time (iflscience.com)]
+*** 57 people killed
+*** destroyed 200 homes, 47 bridges, 185 miles of highway
+** the eruption's thermal explosion equivalent was 24 megatons (1600 times the power of the Hiroshima atomic bomb)
+** as a result of the eruption:
+*** mountain summit elevation dropped from 9,677 to 8336
+*** left a 1-mile wide crater
+*** Yakima, WA received 4-5 inches of ash
+**** Portland, OR, only received about 1/2-inch of ash, as the winds blew the ash northeastward from the explosion
+** researcher David Johnston and photographer Robert Landsburg were killed during the eruption
+*** Landsburg had protected his camera and film with his body, which were recovered
+*** another photographer, Gary Rosenquist and his companions were 11 miles away and survived the blast due to the land topography, which protected them
+*** Rosenquist's photos have been compiled into a video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTIyBsPagro
+** Mt. St. Helens was remained active until 2008, when a new lava dome emerged
+* Volcano pranks
+** '''Mt. Edgecumbe, Sitka, Alaska''', 1974 April Fools Volcano Prank
+** '''Great Blue Hill, Milton, MA''' 1980 eruption prank
+** see https://school4schools.com/wiki/index.php?title=Famous_hoaxes#Geographic_hoaxes
 <gallery widths=300px heights=200px caption="Volcanos gallery">
 File:Mt.Mayon tam3rd.jpg|thumb|Mt.Mayon, Philippines, with a "perfect" cone (wikipedia)
 File:Lanzarote 5 Luc Viatour.jpg|thumb|Lanzarote 5 Luc Viatour|alt=Lanzarote 5 Luc Viatour.jpg|World's longest "lava tube" (wikipedia)
+File:MSH80 eruption mount st helens 05-18-80-dramatic-edit.jpg|thumb|MSH80 eruption mount st helens 05-18-80 (wikipedia)
+File:Mount St. Helens, one day before the devastating eruption.jpg|thumb|Mount St. Helens pictured the day before the 1980 eruption, which removed much of the northern face of the mountain, leaving a large crater|alt=A large conical volcano. (wikipedia)
 </gallery>