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Social Studies skills: Difference between revisions
→Causality: necessary v. sufficient causes example / chart
(→Causality: building out & reorgarnizing section) |
(→Causality: necessary v. sufficient causes example / chart) |
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* see section on agents, triggers & catalysts | * see section on agents, triggers & catalysts | ||
* below for terms associated with causality | * below for terms associated with causality | ||
=== Correlation v. causation === | === Correlation v. causation === | ||
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==== Indirect cause ==== | ==== Indirect cause ==== | ||
* a cause that contributes to an event or outcome but is not directly related to it | |||
** may be a "necessary clause" but not necessarily | |||
==== Long term cause ==== | ==== Long term cause ==== | ||
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** in other words, the event does not happen without the ''sufficient cause'' | ** in other words, the event does not happen without the ''sufficient cause'' | ||
==== Necessary v. sufficient causes example | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50%;" | |||
|'''EVENT'''|| '''NECESSARY CAUSE''' ||'''SUFFICIENT CAUSE''' | |||
|- | |||
| I mowed the lawn on Tuesday | |||
|| | |||
* I have a lawn w/ grass | |||
* the grass was high | |||
* my lawn mower works & has gas | |||
* my wife complained about the grass getting too high | |||
* ''all these causes are "necessary" but not "sufficient" for the outcome to happen that I mowed the lawn yesterday'' | |||
* ''all of these causes could still be present (especially the wife complaining about the grass) but didn't unto themselves cause the lawn to be mowed last Tuesday'' | |||
|| | |||
* it was Tuesday | |||
* I went to the shed, got out the mower | |||
* It started it and it worked properly | |||
* I completed mowing the lawn | |||
* ''without these events the lawn would not have been cut last Tuesday'' | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
=== Other causality terminology === | === Other causality terminology === | ||
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* multi-causality = multiple causes (complex) | * multi-causality = multiple causes (complex) | ||
====Motive==== | ====Motive==== | ||
* motives are frequently behind agency, catalysts and triggers | |||
* historical literacy is enhanced by understanding motives | |||
==== Unintended outcomes ==== | |||
* frequently historical choice is made that causes a different outcome than that expected by the actors or agents | |||
** ex. Some French aristocrats early on supported the French Revolution but themselves became victims of it. | |||
=== Why the cat died last night: an exercise in causality === | |||
>> to do | |||
>> | |||
==Contingency== | ==Contingency== | ||