Logical fallacy: Difference between revisions

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 === begging the question ===
-*broken leg fallacy
+=== broken leg fallacy ===
-**presents a solution for a problem caused by that or a related solution
+*presents a solution for a problem caused by that or a related solution
-**i.e, break the leg, then offer to fix it
+*i.e, break the leg, then offer to fix it
-*circular argument
+===circular argument ===
-**argument whose premise is its own conclusion
+*argument whose premise is its own conclusion
-**i.e., restates the argument rather than proving it
+*i.e., restates the argument rather than proving it
-**ex. "''She's a great skater because she skates well''"
+*ex. "''She's a great skater because she skates well''"
-*confusing credentials for evidence
+===confusing credentials for evidence===
-**i.e., "98% of dentists recommend flossing"
+*i.e., "98% of dentists recommend flossing"
-***does not provide evidence for the benefits of flossing, just that supposed experts say so
+**does not provide evidence for the benefits of flossing, just that supposed experts say so
-*either/or
+===either-or fallacy===
-*fallacy of relevance
+*incorrectly argues only two options or possibilities
-*false equivalence
+===fallacy of relevance===
-**illogical comparison of dissimilar subjects
+===false equivalence===
-**i.e., comparing "apples to oranges"
+*illogical comparison of dissimilar subjects
-*genetic fallacy
+*i.e., comparing "apples to oranges"
-**fallacy that of the origins of something determine its value
+===genetic fallacy===
+*fallacy that of the origins of something determine its value
 **ex., the VW was designed by Hitler, and Hitler is evil, therefore the VW is evil
-*hasty generalization
+=== Gish gallop ===
-**
+* rapid use of multiple arguments in order to overwhelm a debate or argument
-*''ignoratio elenchi'' an argument that misses the point
+** avoids scrutiny of individual arguments
-*moral equivalence fallacy
+** named for Duane Gish who spoke rapidly and without allowing the opponent to intervene or analyze each individual arguments
-**illogically compares things of distinct moral or ethical dimensions
+*** "gallap" indicates rapidly running horse
-**ex., "''That politician who disagrees with me is a Nazi!''"
+* defense against a Gish gallop is achieved by focusing on only one or a few of the core arguments that would thereby undermined the logical basis of all the others presented in the Gish gallop
-*non sequitur
-**" Humpty Dumptying" or "Humpty Dumptyisms":
+===hasty generalization===
-**= an "arbitrary redefinition" like that used by Humpty Dumpty in "Alice in Wonderland"
-**who tells Alice, "“When I use a word it means just what I choose it to mean—neither more nor less.”
+===''ignoratio elenchi''===
-*red herring
+* an argument that misses the point
-*strawman fallacy
+===moral equivalence fallacy===
-**= the target of an argument (the "strawman") has nothing to do with the actual argument
+*illogically compares things of distinct moral or ethical dimensions
-*either-or fallacy
+**ex., "''Any politician that disagrees with me is a Nazi!''"
-**incorrectly argues only two options or possibilities
+===non sequitur===
+*" Humpty Dumptying" or "Humpty Dumptyisms":
+*= an "arbitrary redefinition" like that used by Humpty Dumpty in "Alice in Wonderland"
+*who tells Alice, "“When I use a word it means just what I choose it to mean—neither more nor less.”
+===red herring===
+===strawman fallacy===
+*= the target of an argument (the "strawman") has nothing to do with the actual argument
 *weak analogy
 *see