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Virginia and US History SOL map study: US expansion 1789-1959: Difference between revisions

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Virginia and US History SOL map study: US expansion 1789-1959 (view source)

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(Created page with "'''Preparation for the state of Virginian SOL ("Standards of Learning") History test: US expansion 1789-1959 == Early Republic, 1789-1820 == {| class="wikitable sortable mw-c...")
 
 
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'''Preparation for the state of Virginian SOL ("Standards of Learning") History test: US expansion 1789-1959
'''Preparation for the state of Virginian SOL ("Standards of Learning") History test: US expansion 1789-1959
<u>Content</u>: timeline maps showing growth in territories and addition of new states
<u>Purpose</u>: to associate time, place and events


== Early Republic, 1789-1820 ==
== Early Republic, 1789-1820 ==
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|[[File:1790s-1800s-UnitedStatesExpansion.png|none|thumb|alt=|1790s]]
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|US after becoming an independent nation
 
* acquired the lands between
** the Appalachian Mountains
** Mississippi River
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|[[File:1789-1808 United States 1789-08-1790.png|alt=|border|none|thumb]]
|Organization of new territories between
* claims of existing states (former 13 colonies)
* federal territories created by Congress
** especially the '''Northwest Territory'''
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=== Louisiana Purchase, 1803 ===
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|[[File:1803 United States 1803-04-1804-03.png|thumb|1803: showing the Louisiana Purchase, territories West of the Mississippi and north of Mexican lands|alt=|border|left]]
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* bought from France
** (which took it a few years before from Spain)
* doubles the size the country
* expands US lands:
** west of the Mississippi
** north of Spanish territories
*** (Mexico gains independence from Spain in 1821)
* the Louisiana Purchase leads to further western expansion by Americans
** including into Spanish territories (modern Texas)
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=== Mexican Texas, 1827-1836 & Republic of Texas, 1836-1846 ===
[[File:1828 United States 1828-1834.png|thumb|1828: showing re-organization of the Louisiana territory and Mexican lands|alt=|none]][[File:1836 United States 1836-06-1836-07.png|none|thumb|1836: Texas Republic (independence from Mexico)]][[File:1837 United States 1837-03-1838.png|none|thumb|1837: Texas expands territory into Mexico]]
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* US settlers pushed into Spanish / Mexican lands and gained independence from Mexico
* notes on Texas (not important for the Virginia SOL)
** American and Spanish settlers in Texas gained independence from Spain in 1821
*** creating, "Mexican Texas," a part of Mexico from 1821-1836
** in 1836, Texas declared independence from Mexico
*** and became an independent country, the Republic of Texas from 1836-1846
** Texas was "annexed" (taken by) the US in 1845 and became a US state in 1846
** these events were significant to the Mexican-American War, 1846-1848
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=== Mexican-American War, 1848 ===
[[File:1848 United States 1848-05-1848-08.png|none|thumb|1848: US after Mexican-American War  ]][[File:1849 United States 1849-1850.png|none|thumb|1849: Reorganization of territories seized from Mexico (Texas, now a state, is reduced in size)]]
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== Slavery maps, to 1865 ==
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=== Late colonial slave population per colony, 1770 ===
[[File:1770 Slavery in the 13 colonies.jpg|none|thumb|Slavery in American colonies as of 1770]]
|'''Slavery in the 13 American colonies just prior to the American Revolution'''
* slavery was legal in the British Empire (colonial empire)
* tobacco planting was a major reason for increase in slavery in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina
* cotton planting was the primary crop for slavery in South Carolina
** cotton farming is "labor intensive" (takes a lot of direct human labor)
** so, while cotton was grown and slaves were used to harvest it, it was still inefficient
** South Carolina also focused on rice and indigo (a plant for its deep color blue)
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=== The Cotton gin and "King Cotton" ===
[[File:1850 US 1850 free-slave-states-map-of-usa.jpg|thumb|Distribution of free and slave states, 1850|alt=|border|none]]
|'''See [[wikipedia:Slavery_in_the_United_States#/media/File:US_Slave_Free_1789-1861.gif|this animated map timeline]] for expansion of slavery from colonial to Civil War period'''
* the 1793 invention of the "cotton gin" increased the efficiency of cotton harvesting and production (extracting seeds from the cotton fibers)
* also, new textile "weaving machines" in northern factories increased demand for raw cotton
* in the early 1800s, cotton production exploded, along with growth in the slave population
* throughout the early to mid-1800s slavery spread across the South west of the Mississippi River
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=== 1820 Missouri Compromise ===
[[File:1819 USA Territorial Growth 1820 alt.jpg|none|thumb|1819: Free and Slave States jus before the Compromise of 1820 which admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state]][[File:1821 Missouri Compromise US SlaveFree1821.gif|none|thumb|Missouri Compromise 36'30" line]]
|'''Called the "Missouri Compromise," in 1820, Congress passed laws to admit Maine and Missouri as states'''
* the compromise was that
** Maine would be a "free" (non-slavery) state
** Missouri would be a slave state
** and no other slave states would be admitted above the 36'30"parallel (a latitude line, per the map)
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=== Secession of southern states, 1861 ===
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|[[File:US Secession map 1861.svg|thumb|Status of the states, 1861: * Dark Red =  Slave states that seceded before April 15, 1861; * Red = Slave states that seceded after April 15, 1861; * Yellow = Union states that permitted slavery (border states); * Blue =  Union states that had banned slavery; * Gray = Territories|alt=Map of U.S. showing two kinds of Union states, two phases of secession and territories|border|none]]
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|'''Following the election of Abraham Lincoln as President, southern states "seceded" (left) the Union (the "union" of states under the Constitution)'''
* as candidate, Lincoln said that he would not end slavery, but he would oppose any further expansion of it
* following Lincoln's election, South Carolina became the first state to secede, followed by other states (marked in dark red on the map; the states marked in red seceded after Lincoln's inauguration)
* the "border" states of Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri did not seceded
** but primarily because they were occupied by the Union (northern) Army, especially Maryland
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== Continental expansion & overseas territories, 1865-1900 ==
== Continental expansion & overseas territories, 1865-1900 ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
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=== "Closing of the Frontier" - admission of western states ===
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|[[File:1896 United States 1896-05-1898.png|none|thumb|By 1896, New Mexico and Arizona were the last territories (not yet states) in the continental U.S. (the connected land mass of America)]]
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|'''Westward expansion followed post-Civil War industrialization, railroad building, and population growth'''
* with railroads connecting the entire country from coast to coast, the country was fully interconnected for travel (people) and trade (goods)
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=== Spanish-American War, 1898 ===
[[File:American Empire1 1024px.png|border|none|thumb|American territories and possessions, including the continental United States (the "lower 48" states), Alaska, Hawaii, Philppines, Puerto Rico, Cuba and the Panama Canal, approx. 1900]]
|'''in 1898, the US attacked the Spanish colonies of the Philippines (Asia, Cuba and Puerto Rico (both in the Caribbean Sea)'''
* the goal of this war was to "liberate" those places from Spanish rule
* however, the United States kept Puerto Rico as a territory
* Cuba and Philippines later gained full independence from US occupation and rule
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