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US History timeline & concept chart: 1789-1860 Early Republic to Antebellum: Difference between revisions
US History timeline & concept chart: 1789-1860 Early Republic to Antebellum (view source)
Revision as of 15:05, 23 February 2022
, 23 February 2022→Washington presidency, 1789-1797
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<big>'''BIG IDEAS'''</big> | <big>'''BIG IDEAS'''</big> | ||
* Washington | * Washington sets precedents | ||
* assertion of federal powers | * assertion of federal powers | ||
* Hamilton-Jefferson split | * Hamilton-Jefferson split | ||
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** establish precedents for the office of the President, esp. regarding | ** establish precedents for the office of the President, esp. regarding | ||
*** manner, authority, establishing constitutional arrangements | *** manner, authority, establishing constitutional arrangements | ||
** Washington was praised for displaying appropriate "condescension" to common people | ** establish proper relationship of President with the people | ||
*** act with authority and dignity but not like a king | |||
*** mutual respect between the executive and the people | |||
*** see: [https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-02-02-0182 Letter from Washington to Adams, 10 May 1789 on social protocols (founders.archive.gov)] | |||
click EXPAND for excerpt from and commentary on Washington's Letter to Adams from Archives.gov: | |||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | |||
* excerpt (closing paragraph | |||
** note that in the letter, Washington refers to himself in the 3rd person ("The President..." "he...") | |||
*** he does so as a way of separating his person from his office | |||
**** (the King of England called himself "We", as a way of expressing himself as the entire realm) | |||
<pre>Many things which appear of little imp⟨ortance in⟩ themselves and at the beginning, may have ⟨great and⟩ durable consequences from their having be⟨en establis⟩hed at the commencement of a new general ⟨Govern⟩ment. It will be much easier to comme⟨nce the adm⟩inistration, upon a well adjusted system ⟨built on⟩ tenable grounds, than to correct errors or alter inconveniences after they shall have been confirmed by habit. The President in all matters of business & etiquette, can have no object but to demean himself in his public character, in such a manner as to maintain the dignity of Office, without subjecting himself to the imputation of superciliousness or unnecessary reserve. Under these impressions, he asks for your candid and undisguised opinions.</pre> | |||
* commentary on the Letter: | |||
<pre> | |||
A major concern was the public image of the new administration. As Sen. William Maclay of Pennsylvania noted, GW “stood on as difficult ground as he ever had done in his life: that to suffer himself to be run down, on the one hand, by a crowd of visitants so as to engross his time, would never do, as it would render the doing of business impracticable; but, on the other hand, for him to be seen only in public on stated times, like an Eastern Lama, would be equally offensive. If he was not to be seen but in public, where nothing confidential could pass between him and any individual, the business would, to all appearance, be done without him, and he could not escape the charge of favoritism. All court would be paid to the supposed favorite; weakness and insignificance would be considered as characteristic of the President, and he would not escape contempt. . . . it was not thus the General gained the universal plaudits of his admiring fellow-citizens” (Maclay, Journal, 15). </pre> | |||
</div> | |||
* Washington was praised for displaying appropriate "condescension" to common people | |||
** relating to people of lower status while maintaining the dignity of the higher class | |||
*** it was a very important concept for people of the time | *** it was a very important concept for people of the time | ||
*** students may consider the impact of '''Jacksonian Democracy''' in light of the Founding-era norms of political elitism | *** students may consider the impact of '''Jacksonian Democracy''' in light of the Founding-era norms of political elitism | ||
** establish and protect the powers of the executive branch | * Washington's goals (con't) | ||
** ensure popular support for new government | ** to establish and protect the powers of the executive branch | ||
*** tours of 1789, 1790, 1791 were designed to promote national unity, display presidency, and promote his policies | ** to ensure popular support for new government | ||
* consolidate U.S. territory, especially regarding Northwest Territories and Southern borders with Spain | *** his tours of 1789, 1790, 1791 were designed to promote national unity, display presidency, and promote his policies | ||
** to consolidate U.S. territory, especially regarding Northwest Territories and Southern borders with Spain | |||
'''election of 1789''' | '''election of 1789''' | ||
* prior to the 12th amendment (1803), the President and Vice President were selected by 1st and 2nd place in the Electoral College, with each Elector casting two votes | * prior to the 12th amendment (1803), the President and Vice President were selected by 1st and 2nd place in the Electoral College, with each Elector casting two votes | ||
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** laid basis for basic political/ ideological split | ** laid basis for basic political/ ideological split | ||
=== | === Whiskey Rebellion, 1794 === | ||
* a core goal of the new government was to establish a functional system of taxation | |||
* a primary goal of Hamilton's "debt assumption" (federal gov. taking over states' War debts and that of the Confederation) was to force the government into sound financial structures, including a national bank and raising revenue (taxation) | |||
* the 1971 Whiskey excise tax, however, was very unpopular, especially in western parts of the states | |||
* enforcement of the tax angered citizens, especially small, rural distilleries (manufacturers) who felt unfairly targeted by the tax collectors | |||
** there were a series of attacks and harassment of tax collectors, especially in western Pennsylvania | |||
** the Whiskey Rebellion was a more organized attack on a tax collector, involving 700 men | |||
* Washington sent an official to negotiate with the rebels, which was unsuccessful | |||
** Washington then invoked the Militia Acts of 1792 and sent 12,000 soldiers to put down the rebellion | |||
** the mob had already fled and only two rebels were found guilty of treason | |||
** Washington pardoned both | |||
=== Rise of Political parties === | |||
* Founders used the term "faction" for aligned groups, whereas political parties have formal organizations and identities | * Founders used the term "faction" for aligned groups, whereas political parties have formal organizations and identities | ||
* arose in Washington's 2nd term based on existing political alliances and perspectives | * arose in Washington's 2nd term based on existing political alliances and perspectives | ||
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* elected overwhelmingly over Federalist candidate Thomas Pinckney | * elected overwhelmingly over Federalist candidate Thomas Pinckney | ||
* see 1810s timeline for details on Monroe | * see 1810s timeline for details on Monroe | ||
|- - style="vertical-align:top;" | |- - style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
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== 1820s: Monroe & Jackson administrations == | == 1820s: Monroe, JQ Adams & Jackson administrations == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! '''PERIOD / TIMELINE''' | ! '''PERIOD / TIMELINE''' | ||
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'''BIG IDEAS''' | '''BIG IDEAS''' | ||
<big>'''Era of Good Feelings'''</big> | <big>'''Era of Good Feelings'''</big> | ||
* national pride following War of 1812 | * national pride following War of 1812 | ||
* political divisions lessened | * political divisions lessened | ||
* 1826 Declaration of Independence 50th anniversary celebrations | * 1826 Declaration of Independence 50th anniversary celebrations | ||
<br><big>'''Monroe Doctrine (1823)'''</big> | |||
<big>'''Monroe Doctrine (1823)'''</big> | |||
<br><big>'''John Quincy Adams single term'''</big> | |||
<br< | |||
* "Corrupt Bargain" w/ Henry Clay | |||
<big>'''Rise of Jackson, 1827'''</big> | <big>'''Rise of Jackson, 1827'''</big> | ||
* Democratic Party | * Democratic Party | ||
<br> | |||
<big>'''2nd Great Awakening, 1820s-1830s/40s'''</big> | <big>'''2nd Great Awakening, 1820s-1830s/40s'''</big> | ||
<big>'''Moralism / reform movements'''</big> | |||
<big>'''Moralism / reform movements'''</big><br> | |||
<big>'''Alexis de Tocqueville & "Democracy in America'''</big> | <big>'''Alexis de Tocqueville & "Democracy in America'''</big> | ||
* How do people act under a democracy? | * How do people act under a democracy? | ||
* What are the outcomes of equality?<br> | |||
<big>'''Henry Clay & the "American System"'''</big> | <big>'''Henry Clay & the "American System"'''</big> | ||
* Promoting commerce via tariffs, roads, & industry | * Promoting commerce via tariffs, roads, & industry | ||
<big>'''National Bank'''</big> | <big>'''National Bank'''</big><br> | ||
<big>'''Rise of the Whig Party'''</big> | <big>'''Rise of the Whig Party'''</big> | ||
<big>''' | <big>'''Growth in sectionalism'''</big> | ||
* South v. North | * South v. North | ||
* rising West | * rising West | ||
* Southern democrats v. Northern democrats | * Southern democrats v. Northern democrats | ||
** rural v. urban interests | ** rural v. urban interests | ||
<big>'''subsection'''</big> | <big>'''subsection'''</big> | ||
* >> | * >> | ||
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=== Monroe Doctrine, 1823 === | === Monroe Doctrine, 1823 === | ||
* | * statement of autonomy of Americas from European influence | ||
* Spanish empire was falling a part and the Americans wanted to stop other European nations from interfering | |||
=== rise of Whig party === | === rise of Whig party === | ||