Social Studies skills: Difference between revisions

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→‎Causality: building out & reorgarnizing section

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 == Causality ==
-===Direct Causes===
+* study or understanding of why things happen ''or not''
-=== Proximate Causes ===
+* causality can be complex and misleading
-===Indirect Causes===
+** students may evaluate causes, agents, and events for historical comprehension
-=== Ultimate Causes ===
+* see section on agents, triggers & catalysts
-===Agency===
+* below for terms associated with causality
-===Motives===
+* >> todo: "The cat died last night"
-===Connections===
-===Comparison===
+=== Correlation v. causation ===
-===Correlation v. Causation ===
+* correlation = associated events, generally at or around the same time
-===Necessary v. Sufficient Causes===
+** correlation does not mean causality
+*** ex.,
+=== Types of causes ===
+==== Direct cause ====
+* the closest cause to an event
+* the cause that triggers an event
+==== Indirect cause ====
+==== Long term cause ====
+* similar to a "ultimate cause," but encompassing other causes more closely related to an event or condition
+==== Proximate cause ====
+* similar to short or near term cause but
+** generally indicates a more direct or "sufficient cause"
+==== Short or near term cause ====
+* similar to "direct cause," but encompassing other causes more closely related to an event or condition
+* synonymous with "proximate cause"
+==== Ultimate cause ====
+* similar to long term cause, but indicates a "necessary cause"
+=== Agency, catalysts & triggers ===
+* = things that contribute to, facilitate, or make or things happen (or not)
+==== Agent / agency ====
+* active causes for events (or non-events)
+** generally deliberate
+* "agent" = someone who makes something happen, such as:
+** "travel agents" make travel happen, "secret agents" make secrets/spying happen
+===== Catalysts ====
+* similar to an agent but may not be deliberate
+** more like a condition that creates or facilitates change
+* think of use of "catalyst" in science: an element that causes a reaction
+==== Trigger ====
+* a specific event or condition that directly causes something to happen
+* associated with "direct cause"
+* not necessarily deliberate
+** such as, the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand by Serbian nationalists triggered World War I"
+=== Necessary v. sufficient causes ===
+==== necessary cause ====
+* = something that must happen in order for an event or outcome to happen...
+** '''but''' the event or outcome did not have to happen because of that necessary cause
+** in other words, ''a necessary cause does not alone make an event or outcome happen''
+*** ''but the necessary cause '''must be present''' for that event or outcome to happen''
+** a necessary cause may exist but that does not mean the event or outcome had to happen
+==== sufficient cause ====
+* = something without which an event or outcome would not have happened
+** in other words, the event does not happen without the ''sufficient cause''
+>> to do: chart of necessary v. sufficient causes
+=== Other causality terminology  ===
+====Connection ====
+=== Mono-causality v. multi-causality ===
+* mono-causality = a single or dominant cause (simple)
+* multi-causality = multiple causes (complex)
+====Motive====
 to do:
-* short term cause
+>> add comparison?  (was there before)
-* long term cause
-* mono-causality/ multi-causality
 ==Contingency==