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Virginia SOL Virginia and US History test: important concepts: Difference between revisions

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Virginia SOL Virginia and US History test: important concepts (view source)

Revision as of 02:05, 15 June 2022

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→‎The United States since World War II
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**** ("self-government" = ruling themselves as opposed to being colonies ruled by the British Parliament and the King of England
**** ("self-government" = ruling themselves as opposed to being colonies ruled by the British Parliament and the King of England
*** established the rules and laws of the "'''union'''" of states as the "United States of America"
*** established the rules and laws of the "'''union'''" of states as the "United States of America"
=== Political Theory ===
* the 1700s Enlightenment period in Europe established the idea that people were
** born equal
** had fundamental rights
* John Locke of England wrote that people possessed rights
** that they were born with
** and that governments could not take away


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|Thomas Paine's "Common Sense", 1775
|Thomas Paine's "Common Sense", 1775
|
|
* declared equality of men  
* declared equality of men
* denied the need for a king
* denied the need for a king
|
|
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** government must have the "consent" (permission) of the people  
** government must have the "consent" (permission) of the people  
|
|
* drafted principally by '''George Mason''' of Virginia  
* drafted principally by '''George Mason''' of Virginia
* the Declaration of Rights influenced the text of the '''Declaration of Independence'''  
* the Declaration of Rights influenced the text of the '''Declaration of Independence'''  
* the Declaration of Rights was adopted as part of the Virginia Constitution in 1830 (Article I)
* the Declaration of Rights was adopted as part of the Virginia Constitution in 1830 (Article I)
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* gave philosophical reasons for breaking from rule by the Kind
* gave philosophical reasons for breaking from rule by the Kind
* declared the "'''all men are created equal'''"
* declared the "'''all men are created equal'''"
* declared that government must have the consent of the people  
* declared that government must have the consent of the people
* '''Legacy''' is the idea of civil rights and equality among all people, regardless of gender ethnicity, race, religion or economic class 
|-
|-
|'''Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, 1777'''
|'''Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, 1777'''
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|
|
* draft by '''Thomas Jefferson''' of Virginia
* draft by '''Thomas Jefferson''' of Virginia
* the Statute for Religious Freedom directly influenced the 1st Amendment of the '''Bill of Rights'''  
* the Statute for Religious Freedom directly influenced the 1st Amendment of the '''Bill of Rights'''
|-
|-
|'''Articles of Confederation of the United States, 1783'''
|'''Articles of Confederation of the United States, 1783'''
|
|
* created the first, formal national government of the Union of the United States of America
* created the first, formal national government of the Union of the United States of America
* the Articles of Confederation gave some powers to the new government  
* the Articles of Confederation gave some powers to the new government
* but the states kept most of the powers to themselves
* but the states kept most of the powers to themselves
|
|
* created a union of the 13 new states (former colonies)  
* created a union of the 13 new states (former colonies)
* created a weak government that was unable to effectively manage many issues and problems
* created a weak government that was unable to effectively manage many issues and problems
* therefore, in 1787, the states sent delegates to the '''Constitutional Convention at Philadelphia''' to draft a new "constitution"  
* therefore, in 1787, the states sent delegates to the '''Constitutional Convention at Philadelphia''' to draft a new "constitution"  
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* series of pamphlets (published articles) that explained the logic and reasoning for the proposed Constitution  
* series of pamphlets (published articles) that explained the logic and reasoning for the proposed Constitution  
|
|
* primarily authored by '''Alexander Hamilton''' of New York and '''James Madison''' of Virginia  
* primarily authored by '''Alexander Hamilton''' of New York and '''James Madison''' of Virginia
* deeply influenced:
* deeply influenced:
** adoption of the US Constitution
** adoption of the US Constitution
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|
|
* the working and ideas in the Constitution were heavily influenced by '''James Madison''' of Virginia
* the working and ideas in the Constitution were heavily influenced by '''James Madison''' of Virginia
* the argument for the Constitution was that the Union of state needed a stronger central government to
** promote trade
** pay War debts
** common defense (national defense)
** diplomacy
** taxes
|-
|-
|'''Bill of Rights, 1791'''
|'''Bill of Rights, 1791'''
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|
|
* drafted by '''James Madison''' of Virginia
* drafted by '''James Madison''' of Virginia
* '''1st Amendment: speech, press, religion, assembly & petition''' (asking the government for something)  
* '''1st Amendment: speech, press, religion, assembly & petition''' (asking the government for something)
* 2nd Amendment: right to bear arms
* 2nd Amendment: right to bear arms
* 4th-8th Amendments: legal and personal protections against government abuse
* 4th-8th Amendments: legal and personal protections against government abuse
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** Presidential veto
** Presidential veto
* Federalism
* Federalism
*
*Judicial review
**"Marbury v. Madison
**John Marshall


== Expansion, Reform, Civil War, and Reconstruction ==
== Expansion, Reform, Civil War, and Reconstruction ==
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=== Immigration ===
=== Immigration ===
* Push and Pull factors
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Push
!Pull
!
!
|-
|economic troubles
|economic opportunities
|jobs
|
|-
|lack of jobs, forced to leave farms
|land available
|farming, western expansion
|
|-
|religous persecution
|religious freedom
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|}
* immigration periods/ peoples
** 1820-50s: German and Irish immigrants
** 1870s: Japanese immigration to West Coast
** 1880s: Chinese immigration, many worked on railroads
** 1880-1910;s: European immigrants, especially from Central Europe


=== Imperial expansion ===
=== Imperial expansion ===
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*** protect existing and open new U.S. trade markets (especially China and Japan)
*** protect existing and open new U.S. trade markets (especially China and Japan)
*** "project" or send U.S. military power across the oceans
*** "project" or send U.S. military power across the oceans
* "'''Open Door policy'''"
** U.S. policy that China should be open to trade with all countries


=== Spanish-American War ===
=== Spanish-American War ===
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* Pearl Harbor
* Pearl Harbor
* Labor and war
* Labor and war
* Normandy
*


=== Home Front ===
=== Home Front ===
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* following President Nixon's resignation due to the Watergate scandal, the US Congress banned American support of Sout Vietnam
* following President Nixon's resignation due to the Watergate scandal, the US Congress banned American support of Sout Vietnam
* with the US military gone, the North Vietnamese easily defeated the South Vietnamese and turned the entire country into a communist regime
* with the US military gone, the North Vietnamese easily defeated the South Vietnamese and turned the entire country into a communist regime
|
|-
|1990s
|Bill Clinton recognizes Vietnam
|
* Vietnam was communist, but after the fall of the Soviet Union, the United States recognized the communist rule of Vietnam, 20 years after the end of the Vietnam War
|
|
|}
|}
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**** Ohio National Guardsman shot at protesters and killed 4
**** Ohio National Guardsman shot at protesters and killed 4
**** US public was outraged
**** US public was outraged
=== Cold War ===
* 1945-1991
* Soviet Union
** Berlin Wall
*** 1947 "Berlin Crisis"
*** Wall built in 1961 to keep East Berlin people from escaping to West Berlin
==== Ronald Reagan ====
* President 1981-1989
* opposed Soviet Union (communist Russia)
** called it the "Evil Empire"
==== Collapse of Soviet Union ====
* in 1989, the Soviet Union lost control of its territories
** the "Berlin Wall" was breached (broken)
** and East and West Germany began process of "reunification)
* as of 1991, the Soviet Union no longer existed
** replaced by the "Russian Federation"
**
=== Globalism ===
* spread of economic ties across countries, continents and regions
* massive movement of workers across different countries
* mobilization of workers in one country to support customers in another country
** especially for computer coding, "call centers"
* in the 1990s, early 2000s, the US promoted immigration of skilled computer programmers from other countries, especially India
** these new immigrants replaced many Americans in similar jobs who had higher pay
=== Modern Immigration ===
* starting the in 1980s, many migrants moved illegally into the United States
** mostly from Latin America
** principally across the Mexico-US southern border
** but also via tourist visas
=== Internet ===
* connecticity
* globalism
*
=== War on Terror ===
* 2001 September 11 terrorist attacks
* Patriot Act
* Afghanistan War
* Iraq War


== General Comparative Charts & Concepts ==
== General Comparative Charts & Concepts ==
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