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Virginia SOL Virginia and US History test: important concepts: Difference between revisions
Virginia SOL Virginia and US History test: important concepts (view source)
Revision as of 22:30, 14 June 2022
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=== Vietnam === | === Vietnam === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+Vietnam War Timeline | |||
!Date | |||
!Event | |||
!Impact | |||
! | |||
|- | |||
|1954 | |||
|French lose to communist in North Vietnam | |||
| | |||
* US moves to support South Vietnam from communist expansion | |||
* international deal is made to divide Vietnam between Russian-supported communist North Vietnam and US-supported dictatorship in South Vietnam | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|1963 | |||
|US special forces sent to Vietnam | |||
| | |||
* President Kennedy increases US military presence in order to support South Vietnam from North Vietnamese attacks and South Vietnamese communist rebellion ("'''Vietcong'''") | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|1964 | |||
|US sends military forces to Vietnam to directly fight the North Vietnamese and "'''Vietcong'''" | |||
| | |||
* major, direct involvement by US military | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|1968 | |||
| | |||
* Anti-war protests grow in US | |||
* Major North Vietnamese offensive fails but shows that North Vietnam is not giving up | |||
| | |||
* American public lose support ofr Johnson's policies in Vietnam and the Vietnam War, generaly | |||
* in 1968 alone, over 15,000 Americans were killed in action in Vietnam | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|1969 | |||
|Richard Nixon becomes President | |||
| | |||
* Nixon promises Americans that he will win the war and leave | |||
* "'''Vietnamization'''" policy of moving responsibility for the war from the American troops to South Vietnam | |||
* Nixon bombs North Vietnam and military supply routes from North to South Vietnam in neighboring countries of Laos and Cambodia | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|1970 | |||
| | |||
* Protests grow across US | |||
* especially on college campuses after the "'''draft'''" was revised to include college students | |||
| | |||
* the "draft" is forced military services ("inscription") | |||
* prior to 1970, the draft exempted (cleared) people in college | |||
* when the draft rules were changed to allow college students to be drafted, major protests broke out | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|1970 | |||
|Kent State protest | |||
| | |||
* major protest at Kent State University in Ohio | |||
** the Ohio National Guard opposed protesters and shot at protesters, killing 4 | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|1972 | |||
|Nixon's bombing campaign brings Vietnam to peace talks | |||
| | |||
* via massive bombing campaigns, Nixon forced the North Vietnamese to negotiate an end to the war | |||
* Nixon also "opened" diplomatic relations wth the communist Chinese, which put pressure on the North Vietnamese and their Russian supporters to negotiate with the US | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|1975 | |||
|Collapse of South Vietnam and North Vietnam takeover | |||
| | |||
* following President Nixon's resignation due to the Watergate scandal, the US Congress banned American support of Sout Vietnam | |||
* with the US military gone, the North Vietnamese easily defeated the South Vietnamese and turned the entire country into a communist regime | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
* President Johnson, 1963-1969 | * President Johnson, 1963-1969 | ||
** launched direct American involvement in Vietnam in the 1964 "Gulf of Tonkin" incident | ** launched direct American involvement in Vietnam in the 1964 "Gulf of Tonkin" incident | ||
** oversaw "escalation" of US involvement in Vietnam war | ** oversaw "escalation" of US involvement in Vietnam war | ||
** | ** | ||
* | * President Nixon, 1969-1974 | ||
** elected in 1968 with goal to "win then end" the Vietnam War | ** elected in 1968 with goal to "win then end" the Vietnam War | ||
** this meant "'''Vietnamization'''" | ** this meant "'''Vietnamization'''" | ||
*** = moving responsibility for the war to the Vietnamese people | *** = moving responsibility for the war to the Vietnamese people | ||
*** supporting them without having to be there directly | *** supporting them without having to be there directly | ||
** 1970 changes in the draft rules | ** 1970 changes in the draft rules | ||
*** Nixon took away the education exemption from the draft | *** Nixon took away the education exemption from the draft | ||
*** which meant that college students were eligible for the draft | *** which meant that college students were eligible for the draft | ||
*** this led to huge increase in protests | *** this led to huge increase in protests | ||
**** including the '''Kent State''' shooting | **** including the '''Kent State''' shooting | ||
**** a protest at Kent State University in Ohio | **** a protest at Kent State University in Ohio | ||
**** Ohio National Guardsman shot at protesters and killed 4 | **** Ohio National Guardsman shot at protesters and killed 4 | ||
**** US public was outraged | **** US public was outraged | ||
[[Category:Virginia SOL: Virginia & US History test]] | [[Category:Virginia SOL: Virginia & US History test]] | ||