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US History timeline & concept chart: 16th-18th centuries (to 1754) British-American colonies: Difference between revisions
US History timeline & concept chart: 16th-18th centuries (to 1754) British-American colonies (view source)
Revision as of 18:35, 25 October 2021
, 25 October 2021→Significance of English Civil War
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'''DETAILS''' | '''DETAILS''' | ||
=== Protestant Reformation === | === Protestant Reformation === | ||
* | * subsequent conflict between Catholics & protestants | ||
* Protestant Reformation propels European nationalism | ** Thirty Years War | ||
** French genocide of Huguenots (protestants) | |||
* Protestant Reformation propels European nationalism | |||
** printing of the Bible in local dialects | |||
** religious self-identity has political implications on notions of self-rule | |||
=== | === Church of England & Protestantism in England === | ||
* Henry VIII’s break from Catholic Church & create Church of England ("Anglican church") | * 1534 Henry VIII’s break from Catholic Church & create Church of England ("Anglican church") | ||
** the break ensures English-Spanish/French competition / wars | ** the break ensures English-Spanish/French competition / wars | ||
* Protestant objections to centralized Church of England doctrine leads to the splinter religious dissenters known generally as "'''Separatists'''" and "'''Puritans'''" and their offshoots, including | |||
** Brownists | |||
*** followers of Robert Browne in 1550s who were among the first separatists who opposed the Church of England | |||
*** most of the pilgrims on the 1620 Mayflower were Brownists | |||
** Quakers (who would settle in Pennsylvania) | |||
** Levelers -- arose during the English Civil War: | |||
*** believed in popular sovereignty and religious tolerance | |||
*** behaved like populists with speeches, pamphlets, rallies, etc. | |||
** Anabaptists (opposed infant baptism; included Amish and Mennonite movements) | |||
=== Thirty Years War, 1618-1648 === | === Thirty Years War, 1618-1648 === | ||
* European war between Catholic and protestant nations & regions, mostly in central Europe | * European war between Catholic and protestant nations & regions, mostly in central Europe | ||
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*** increase in slave trade to include Dutch, French and English | *** increase in slave trade to include Dutch, French and English | ||
=== English Civil War, 1642–1651=== | === English Civil War, 1642–1651=== | ||
* extremely violent, disruptive period across the British Isles, hundreds of thousands of deaths from combat | |||
* "Royalists" (also called "Cavaliers") v. "Parliamentarians" (also called "Roundheads") | * "Royalists" (also called "Cavaliers") v. "Parliamentarians" (also called "Roundheads") | ||
* Royalists supported Charles I's attempts to consolidate power over Parliament | * Royalists supported Charles I's attempts to consolidate power over Parliament | ||
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* religious disagreement contributed to tensions | * religious disagreement contributed to tensions | ||
** in 1625 Charles married a Catholic, Henrietta Maria (Queen Mary), upsetting protestants who feared Catholicism | ** in 1625 Charles married a Catholic, Henrietta Maria (Queen Mary), upsetting protestants who feared Catholicism | ||
** royalists supported the King has head of the Church, as well as accommodation of Catholicism in Ireland and Scotland | *** royalists supported the King has head of the Church, as well as accommodation of Catholicism in Ireland and Scotland | ||
** Parliamentarians wanted a more "presbyterian" church whose hierarchy was separate from the monarchy | ** Parliamentarians wanted a more "presbyterian" church whose hierarchy was separate from the monarchy | ||
*** they accused Charles of being | *** they accused Charles of being sympathetic to Catholicism and of trying to re-impose Catholic forms and perhaps Catholicism itself | ||
* historians divide the English Civil War into three periods (not our concern here) | * historians divide the English Civil War into three periods (not our concern here) | ||
** 1649 execution of Charles I | ** 1649 execution of Charles I | ||
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* | * | ||
* Parliament's victory ensured the English "constitutional" monarchy over the French form of absolute monarchy | |||
* while parliament reinforced is powers and its status as representative of the people, | |||
** the monarchy's reinstatement after the Commonwealth meant that Britain and its colonies would remain under a monarchy | |||
* England remained dominantly protestant | |||
* anti-Catholicism would remain strong among British protestants both at home and in the colonies | |||
** American colonial anti-Catholicism drove colonial identity and served as a catalyst for American Revolution following British take-over of French-Canadian Catholic provinces in Canada | |||
** just as British rule of Catholic Ireland created religious tensions & resentments, eventual British colonial rule of Catholic Quebec, Canada, created religious tensions and resentments in the 13 American colonies | |||
=== English Civil War impact on American colonies === | === English Civil War impact on American colonies === | ||
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**** a protestant settlement at Horn Point on the Severn River skirmished with Lord Baltimore's forces | **** a protestant settlement at Horn Point on the Severn River skirmished with Lord Baltimore's forces | ||
*** in 1658 Lord Baltimore regained control and an amnesty was declared | *** in 1658 Lord Baltimore regained control and an amnesty was declared | ||
** See: [[wikipedia:History_of_religion_in_the_United_States|History of Religion in the United States (wikipedia)]] | |||
=== Glorious Revolution & English Bill or Rights & Tolerance Act === | |||
* 1688-1689 "Glorious Revolution" | |||
* after the restoration of Charles II and his death, James II attempted to impose authoritarian rule as had Charles I | |||
** James II was Catholic | |||
** he was deposed in 1688 (and tried to raise an army to take over England but failed) | |||
* the Dutch prince, William of Orange, invaded and took the crown as co-regent with Mary II, daughter of James II | |||
** Mary was an Anglican and not a Catholic as was her father | |||
* | * Parliament passed: | ||
** | ** the '''Tolerance Act of 1688''' | ||
*** affirmed religious rights to non-conformist protestants | |||
** English '''Bill of Rights of 1689''' | |||
*** clarified royal succession & protected certain rights of citizens | |||
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