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US History timeline & concept chart: 10th-16th centuries pre-colonial Native Americans to early North American colonization (Spanish, French, Dutch): Difference between revisions
US History timeline & concept chart: 10th-16th centuries pre-colonial Native Americans to early North American colonization (Spanish, French, Dutch) (view source)
Revision as of 15:05, 1 May 2024
, 1 May→Slavery origins in Americas
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* = abusive of Native Americans | * = abusive of Native Americans | ||
* '''De Las Casas''': Spanish priest wrote about cruelties v. Indians | * '''De Las Casas''': Spanish priest wrote about cruelties v. Indians | ||
* Sepulveda: Spanish humanist philosopher justified enslavement of Indians | * '''Sepulveda''': Spanish humanist philosopher justified enslavement of Indians | ||
=== New Laws === | === New Laws === | ||
* Spanish reforms for better treatment of Indians | * Spanish reforms for better treatment of Indians | ||
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* '''New Laws/Laws of 1542''' | * '''New Laws/Laws of 1542''' | ||
** Preceded by Laws of Burgos of 1512, which were supposed to protect Natives, but were ignored | ** Preceded by Laws of Burgos of 1512, which were supposed to protect Natives, but were ignored | ||
** Issued by Spanish King (also Holy Roman Emperor Charles V) | ** Issued by Spanish King Charles I (who was also Holy Roman Emperor Charles V) | ||
** Reforms, following Pueblo Revolt | ** Reforms, following Pueblo Revolt | ||
** Ended encomienda system | ** Ended encomienda system | ||
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*** disproportionate number of adult males with military backgrounds | *** disproportionate number of adult males with military backgrounds | ||
** had strong relationships Native American allies and developed effective military techniques with them | ** had strong relationships Native American allies and developed effective military techniques with them | ||
* for French exploration of the Great Lakes region, see [https://project.geo.msu.edu/geogmich/french_explorers.html The French explorers (msu.edu)] and [https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/explorers/intro10.htm National Park Service - Explorers and Settlers (Historical Background) (nps.gov)] (includes exploration down the Mississippi River) | |||
|- - style="vertical-align:top;" | |- - style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
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* 1602 Dutch East India Company formed to explore North American to find passage to Asia<br> | * 1602 Dutch East India Company formed to explore North American to find passage to Asia<br> | ||
* | * 1607/7 Henry Hudson makes claims for Netherlands | ||
** 1610/11 he makes claims for England<br> | |||
* 1623 New Netherland founded, with settlements in modern Delaware and New Jersey | * 1623 New Netherland founded, with settlements in modern Delaware and New Jersey | ||
* 1626 Dutch East India Company purchases Manhattan Island from Lenape tribe; New Amsterdam established (modern NYC)<br> | * 1626 Dutch East India Company purchases Manhattan Island from Lenape tribe; New Amsterdam established (modern NYC)<br> | ||
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* Middle Passage mortality rate is estimated at 12.5% or 2.2 million people | * Middle Passage mortality rate is estimated at 12.5% or 2.2 million people | ||
* estimated 15.3 million people were sent to the Americas as slaves | * estimated 15.3 million people were sent to the Americas as slaves | ||
* estimated 33% of slaves | * estimated 33% of slaves sent to “seasoning camps” in the Caribbean died their, mostly of dysentry; | ||
* estimated 5% of African slaves brought to Americas went to North American colonies | * estimated 5% of African slaves brought to Americas went to North American colonies | ||
* '''Olaudah Equiano''' wrote a memoir of experiences as slave (published 1789) | * '''Olaudah Equiano''' wrote a memoir of experiences as slave (published 1789) | ||
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** subsequent enslavement was in the Caribbean | ** subsequent enslavement was in the Caribbean | ||
** purchased his freedom from his final slave owner, Robert King, a Philadelphia Quaker who conducted trade in the Caribbean | ** purchased his freedom from his final slave owner, Robert King, a Philadelphia Quaker who conducted trade in the Caribbean | ||
** Equiano conducted business with King who taught him | ** Equiano conducted business with King who taught him to read and business, and allowed him to buy his freedom | ||
** in 1766, Equiano moved to England as a freedman, since in Georgia he was almost kidnapped on the docks where he was unloading a shipment and sent back to slavery | ** in 1766, Equiano moved to England as a freedman, since in Georgia he was almost kidnapped on the docks where he was unloading a shipment and sent back to slavery | ||
** became involved in various ventures including an Arctic expedition to find the "Northeast Passage" to India (via Norway and Russia, as opposed to the '''Northwest Passage''' which marked attempts to cross from the Atlantic to the Pacific north of Canada) | ** became involved in various ventures including an Arctic expedition to find the "Northeast Passage" to India (via Norway and Russia, as opposed to the '''Northwest Passage''' which marked attempts to cross from the Atlantic to the Pacific north of Canada) | ||