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SAT Writing section techniques, strategies & approaches: Difference between revisions
SAT Writing section techniques, strategies & approaches (view source)
Revision as of 14:49, 17 April 2021
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== Clauses == | == Clauses == | ||
* note: | * note: | ||
** a ''clause'' = has a subject and a verb (may or may not be a complete sentence or thought) | ** a ''clause'' = a part of a sentence that has a subject and a verb (may or may not be a complete sentence or thought) | ||
** a ''phrase'' = | ** a ''phrase'' = a part of a sentence that has only a verb or a noun, but not both | ||
*** | *** note: Santa is not a clause | ||
=== Independent clause === | === Independent clause === | ||
* "'''Independent Clause'''" (IC) | * "'''Independent Clause'''" (IC) | ||
** IC contains SUBJECT VERB at a minimum (SV) | * = a complete sentence and thought | ||
** it is a clause because it is attached to or has another clause/s attached to it (otherwise it'd just be a sentence) | |||
* IC contains SUBJECT VERB at a minimum (SV) | |||
* IC usually contains SUBJECT VERB OBJECT (SVO) | |||
* since SUBJECT VERB OBJECT form the core of a sentence there is no punctuation separating them, with the following exceptions: | |||
# parenthetical information (commas, dashes and parentheses) can separate SVO from each other | # parenthetical information (commas, dashes and parentheses) can separate SVO from each other | ||
** i.e., S (parenthetical info) V (parenthetical info) O | ** i.e., S (parenthetical info) V (parenthetical info) O | ||
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=== Subordinate clause === | === Subordinate clause === | ||
* subordinate clause is another name for a DC | * subordinate clause is another name for a DC | ||
** subordinate clauses are usually those clauses that are formed by adding a | ** subordinate clauses are usually those clauses that are formed by adding a subordinating conjunction | ||
** more generally, subordinate clauses mark additional and not required or requisite information that is expressed in the dominant clause | ** more generally, subordinate clauses mark additional and not required or requisite information that is expressed in the dominant clause | ||
* ''' Subordinating conjunction''': | |||
** Subordinating conjunction "subordinates" an IC into a DC | |||
* Subordinating conjunction "subordinates" an IC into a DC | *** i.e, (SC) renders or turns an IC into a DC | ||
** i.e, (SC) renders or turns an IC into a DC | *** the reason is the the SC creates the need for additional information after the SVO | ||
** the reason is the the SC creates the need for additional information after the SVO | *** ex. "I love baseball" = a complete sentence and thought | ||
** ex. "I love baseball" = a complete sentence and thought | *** by adding a SC to the sentence, it is no longer a complete thought: | ||
** by adding a SC to the sentence, it is no longer a complete thought: | *** ex. "Since I love baseball" | ||
** ex. "Since I love baseball" | **** "Since" = SC and it "subordinates the IC "I love baseball" by creating the need for additional information in order to complete the thought: | ||
*** "Since" = SC and it "subordinates the IC "I love baseball" by creating the need for additional information in order to complete the thought: | **** "Since I love baseball, I watch it every chance I get." | ||
*** "Since I love baseball, I watch it every chance I get." | * See here for list of and more on [[Grammar#subordinating_conjunctions (see Grammar entry)]] | ||
* See here for list of and more on [[Grammar#subordinating_conjunctions (Grammar | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px; width:40%" | {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px; width:40%" | ||
|+ relative pronouns | |+ relative pronouns | ||
! Pronoun !! | ! Pronoun !! For !! Rule | ||
|- | |- | ||
| who || people || subject (does the action): ''he, she, we, they'' | | who || people || subject (does the action): ''he, she, we, they'' | ||
| Line 260: | Line 261: | ||
| which || things || subject or object: adds additional information (usually non-restrictive, ie. with a comma) | | which || things || subject or object: adds additional information (usually non-restrictive, ie. with a comma) | ||
|- | |- | ||
* Source: https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/relative-clauses/ | | colspan="3" | * Source: https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/relative-clauses/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Relative clause === | === Relative clause === | ||
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* = a dependent clause that contains a subject-verb, but provides additional information and is not a complete sentence of thought by itself | * = a dependent clause that contains a subject-verb, but provides additional information and is not a complete sentence of thought by itself | ||
* the "subject" of the clause is a pronoun (thus "relative," as pronouns relate to a noun) | * the "subject" of the clause is a pronoun (thus "relative," as pronouns relate to a noun) | ||
* relative clauses can be either restrictive or non-restrictive, per below: | |||
* Sources: | |||
** [https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/relative-clauses/ Relative Clauses (unc.edu)] | |||
** [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/grammar/clauses Grammar: Relative, Restrictive, and Nonrestrictive Clauses (walenu.edu)] | |||
** [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/using-that-and-which-is-all-about-restrictive-and-non-restrictive-clauses/ Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses—What’s the Difference?(grammarly.com)] | |||
** [https://thewordcounter.com/blog-comma-before-which/ Comma before which (thewordcounter.com)] | |||
** [https://www.softschools.com/examples/grammar/essential_and_nonessential_adjective_clauses_examples/81/# Essential and Nonessential Adjective Clauses Examples (softschools.com)] | |||
=== Restrictive relative clause === | |||
* goes by various names: necessary, requisite or defining clause | |||
** technically, also an "adjective clause" since it describes a previously stated (antecedent) noun | |||
* "necessary" or "requisite" = the idea is the clause or phrase is necessary | |||
* "defining" = the meaning of the sentence is defined by the clause | |||
** or: the sentence is not a complete thought without the clause | |||
* restrictive clauses are not separated by punctuation | |||
** i.e.: since the information is necessary, there is no pause | |||
** ex.: "Glue that sticks to both my fingers and the paper is a pain" | |||
*** vs. "Glue, that sticks to both my fingers and the paper, is a pain" | |||
**** since the parenthetical phrase is "non-defining" (can be removed), that would leave us with only "Glue is a pain" which lacks the defining information as to what type of glue is a pain, the kind "that sticks to both my fingers and the paper" | |||
* note: ''because'' does not introduce a restrictive (or non-restrictive) clause because it is a subordinating conjunction | |||
=== Mon-restrictive relative clause == | |||
* or "Non-defining relative clause" | |||
* or "non-essential" clause | |||
** = the additional information added by the clause is not necessary (or essential) for a complete sentence or thought | |||
* ex.: "Glue, which I hate to use, always sticks to my hands." | |||
** "which I hate to use" is not essential to the idea that "Glue always sticks to my hands" | |||
* see Restrictive relative clauses for sources | |||
=== | === Sources for clauses === | ||
* | * > to add general guides for clauses | ||
== Sentence placement == | == Sentence placement == | ||