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SAT Writing section techniques, strategies & approaches: Difference between revisions

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SAT Writing section techniques, strategies & approaches (view source)

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*** therefore we eliminate A) because "workers" do not possess "opportunities", they are being "offered them," so C)  
*** therefore we eliminate A) because "workers" do not possess "opportunities", they are being "offered them," so C)  
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== Verb ==
* verbs are the center of a sentence and express action
* but verbs can also act as descriptors, or modifiers, to add information to a sentence
** ex.: "On my way to to the store, I saw my friend" v. "Going to the store, I saw my friend"
*** both express the same idea using different grammatical forms
=== multiple verbs===
* one or more verbs an act upon one subject
* if so, they must maintain “parallel” tense (past, present or future)
* ex.:
** “He went to the store, bought food, and returned home.”
=== subject-verb agreement ===
* for SAT Writing, maintain subject-verb agreement
** i.e. singular subject = singular verb form
* identify the correct noun as subject, as test will try to confuse subject nouns from relative nouns
=== transitive v. intransitive verbs ===
* transitive verbs require an object:
** ex. “She offers” must be followed by an object (“she offers help”
* transitive verbs often include an indirect object:
** ex. “She offers help” may include an indirect object (“she offers them help
* intransitive verbs require a preposition or adverb:
** ex. w/ preposition: “She arrived” requires a preposition: “She arrived at the house” (note how “She arrived house” is incorrect, thus requiring a preposition)
** ex. w/ adverb: “She arrived at the house late” (late = adverb bc it modifies the verb “arrive” – how did she arrive? she arrived late.)
=== infinitives ===
* = the "to" form of a verb
** in Romance languages, would be the unconjugated root verb ("jugar" means "to play"; "yo juego" means "I play")
* infinitives are NOT the action verb a sentence
* instead, infinitives are used to express or describe the state or purpose of something or to give an opinion about it
** infinitives answer ''who, what, or why''
** when assessing infinitives, as yourself what the verb is doing and how does the infinitive relate to it or the other words
*** i.e., "I studied hard in order to pass the test."
** i.e, infinitives act like adjectives, adverbs or nouns
* as adjectives, infinitives describe a noun
** ex. "I wanted her tears to disappear"
*** "tears" = direct object; "to disappear" modifies not the verb "want" but the noun "tears," so "to disappear" is acting as an adjective
* as adverbs, infinitives describe a verb
** "One must study to learn" (or could be, ""To learn, one must study")
*** "to learn" is an adverb modifying the verb "study"
* as nouns, infinitives act as a thing or condition
** as nouns, infinitives can be either the subject or object of a clause or phrase
** ex. "To err is human; to forgive is divine"
*** the subject of these clauses are both infinitives, the verbs are "is", and the objects/subject complements are the noun "human" and the adjective "divine"
** ex. "I want to do something"
*** here the infinitive "to do" is the direct object and "something" is the indirect object
**** i.e., what do I want? "to do"; what do I want to do? "something"
** ex. "My dog loves to chase his ball."
*** what does my dog love? "to chase" (direct object); what does he love chasing? "his ball" (indirect object)
* sources:
** https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/mechanics/gerunds_participles_and_infinitives/infinitives.html
** https://www.theclassroom.com/identify-function-infinitive-sentence-2604.html
** https://www.dailywritingtips.com/grammar-review-1-particles-and-phrasal-verbs/


== Pronoun ==
== Pronoun ==
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* "noun" = "word"
* "noun" = "word"
** therefore, pronoun = "for the word"
** therefore, pronoun = "for the word"
=== pronoun reference/ antecedent ===  
=== pronoun reference/ antecedent ===  
* pronouns are a reference to a previously (or sometimes later) stated noun or idea
* pronouns are a reference to a previously (or sometimes later) stated noun or idea
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** pronoun precedent (pronoun comes before the noun) to a subsequently stated noun (uncommon):
** pronoun precedent (pronoun comes before the noun) to a subsequently stated noun (uncommon):
*** "It went well, but the test was still hard."
*** "It went well, but the test was still hard."
=== pronoun functions in Writing section questions ===
=== pronoun functions in Writing section questions ===
* in the Writing section, pronouns mark important distinctions for:
* in the Writing section, pronouns mark important distinctions for:
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** dependent clauses
** dependent clauses
*** especially subordinate clauses ("..., which are ....") and relative clauses ("... that are...")
*** especially subordinate clauses ("..., which are ....") and relative clauses ("... that are...")
=== "any" and other pronouns with multiple parts of speech (not always a pronoun) ===
=== "any" and other pronouns with multiple parts of speech (not always a pronoun) ===
* pronouns can also be determiners, subordinating conjunctions or relative pronouns that act distinctly
* pronouns can also be determiners, subordinating conjunctions or relative pronouns that act distinctly
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*** thus, "using" and "funds" are a modifying phrase to describe "project"
*** thus, "using" and "funds" are a modifying phrase to describe "project"
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=== personal v. relative pronoun ===
=== personal v. relative pronoun ===
* personal pronoun  
* personal pronoun  
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**** "of whom" = prepositional phrase (adverbial as it modifies "are")
**** "of whom" = prepositional phrase (adverbial as it modifies "are")
**** "whom" refers to "the players"
**** "whom" refers to "the players"
==== possessive personal pronoun ====
* personal pronouns have a distinct form to indicate possession
click EXPAND to see a chart of the different pronoun forms
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
{| class="wikitable"
! Pronoun Forms
| '''Subjective form''' ||'''Objective form''' ||'''Possessive form''' || '''Reflexive form'''
|-
| I
|| me
|| mine
|| myself
|-
| you (singular)
|| you
|| your
|| yours
|| yourself
|}
</div>
* see below under "Apostrophe" for distinctions between possessive pronouns and contracts
** such as ''its'' (possessive pronoun) vs. ''it's'' (contraction of "it is")
== Verb ==
* verbs are the center of a sentence and express action
* but verbs can also act as descriptors, or modifiers, to add information to a sentence
** ex.: "On my way to to the store, I saw my friend" v. "Going to the store, I saw my friend"
*** both express the same idea using different grammatical forms
=== multiple verbs===
* one or more verbs an act upon one subject
* if so, they must maintain “parallel” tense (past, present or future)
* ex.:
** “He went to the store, bought food, and returned home.”
=== subject-verb agreement ===
* for SAT Writing, maintain subject-verb agreement
** i.e. singular subject = singular verb form
* identify the correct noun as subject, as test will try to confuse subject nouns from relative nouns
=== transitive v. intransitive verbs ===
* transitive verbs require an object:
** ex. “She offers” must be followed by an object (“she offers help”
* transitive verbs often include an indirect object:
** ex. “She offers help” may include an indirect object (“she offers them help
* intransitive verbs require a preposition or adverb:
** ex. w/ preposition: “She arrived” requires a preposition: “She arrived at the house” (note how “She arrived house” is incorrect, thus requiring a preposition)
** ex. w/ adverb: “She arrived at the house late” (late = adverb bc it modifies the verb “arrive” – how did she arrive? she arrived late.)
=== infinitives ===
* = the "to" form of a verb
** in Romance languages, would be the unconjugated root verb ("jugar" means "to play"; "yo juego" means "I play")
* infinitives are NOT the action verb a sentence
* instead, infinitives are used to express or describe the state or purpose of something or to give an opinion about it
** infinitives answer ''who, what, or why''
** when assessing infinitives, as yourself what the verb is doing and how does the infinitive relate to it or the other words
*** i.e., "I studied hard in order to pass the test."
** i.e, infinitives act like adjectives, adverbs or nouns
* as adjectives, infinitives describe a noun
** ex. "I wanted her tears to disappear"
*** "tears" = direct object; "to disappear" modifies not the verb "want" but the noun "tears," so "to disappear" is acting as an adjective
* as adverbs, infinitives describe a verb
** "One must study to learn" (or could be, ""To learn, one must study")
*** "to learn" is an adverb modifying the verb "study"
* as nouns, infinitives act as a thing or condition
** as nouns, infinitives can be either the subject or object of a clause or phrase
** ex. "To err is human; to forgive is divine"
*** the subject of these clauses are both infinitives, the verbs are "is", and the objects/subject complements are the noun "human" and the adjective "divine"
** ex. "I want to do something"
*** here the infinitive "to do" is the direct object and "something" is the indirect object
**** i.e., what do I want? "to do"; what do I want to do? "something"
** ex. "My dog loves to chase his ball."
*** what does my dog love? "to chase" (direct object); what does he love chasing? "his ball" (indirect object)
* sources:
** https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/mechanics/gerunds_participles_and_infinitives/infinitives.html
** https://www.theclassroom.com/identify-function-infinitive-sentence-2604.html
** https://www.dailywritingtips.com/grammar-review-1-particles-and-phrasal-verbs/


== Punctuation ==
== Punctuation ==
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* note that many other languages have the possessive pronoun
* note that many other languages have the possessive pronoun
** however, they lack the apostrophe indicator for nouns, thus instead of using the apostrophe to indicate possession ("the dog's toy") they structure the idea as "of" or "belonging to", as in, "the toy of the dog" or the toy that belongs to the dog"
** however, they lack the apostrophe indicator for nouns, thus instead of using the apostrophe to indicate possession ("the dog's toy") they structure the idea as "of" or "belonging to", as in, "the toy of the dog" or the toy that belongs to the dog"
=== apostrophes for contraction ===
=== apostrophes for contraction ===
* contractions are used for "to be" words to join the subject and the verb via the apostrophe, as in:
* contractions are used for "to be" words to join the subject and the verb via the apostrophe, as in:
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