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| === Writing section is rules-based === | | === Writing section is rules-based === |
| * the answers follow set grammar, punctuation, and usage conventions | | * answers and eliminations follow set grammar, punctuation, and usage conventions |
| * therefore, identify the rules as you practice & apply them in your elimination strategies | | * therefore, identify the rules as you practice & apply them in your elimination strategies |
| * consider each possible answer and identify the RULES that govern its correctness or error | | * see [[SAT Writing section grammar rules chart]] for quick start review of Writing section Rules & eliminations |
| *
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+
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| !Category
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| !Item
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| !Rule
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| !Rule/ Test
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| |-
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| | rowspan="11" |'''Clause'''
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| | rowspan="4" |independent clause (IC)
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| | rowspan="4" |has a subject and verb and could be a sentence by itself
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| |subject and verb cannot be separated by a single comma
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| |-
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| |IC may contain multiple subjects and/or verbs and/or objects
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| |-
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| |IC may contain a parenthetical phrase or
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| |-
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| |multiple ICs are combined using comma + coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS)
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| |-
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| | rowspan="3" |dependent clause (DC)
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| |has a subject and verb but cannot be a sentence by itself
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| |introduced by subordinating conjunctions, relative pronouns, etc.
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| |-
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| |dependent clauses modify the IC or add information to it
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| |DC types include subordinate (SC) and relative (RC) clauses
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| |-
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| | rowspan="2" |subordinate clause SC
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| | rowspan="2" |introduced by a subordinating conjunction, such as because, when, which, etc.
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| |if following an IC, the subordinating conjunction "which" usually refers to the object of the prior IC
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| |-
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| |make sure the SC is not next to another SC (i.e, 2 SC's in a row is usually incorrect)
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| |-
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| | rowspan="2" |relative clause (RC)
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| |introduced by a relative pronoun (that, which, who, whom, which)
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| |relative clause has a subject (pronoun) & verb but is not an IC, as it serves to modify the IC
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| |-
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| |requisite RC = no punctuation if the information is essential (requisite)
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| |relative clauses may preceded (part of the subject) or follow the verb (part of the predicate)
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| |-
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| |non-requisite RC = sparated from other sentence part by a comma (not essential)
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| |-
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| | rowspan="10" |'''Phrase'''
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| | rowspan="2" |prepositional phrase
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| |prepositional phrases are not subjects of a sentence
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| |preposition and noun = preposition phrase = modifies another noun
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| |-
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| |when identifying the subject of the sentence, ignore the prepositional phrase
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| |-
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| |introductory phrase
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| |gives context to a sentence, usually as a prepositional phrase
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| |not always separated from the subject by a comma, so be sure to identify/separate it from the subject
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| |-
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| | rowspan="2" |participial phrase
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| | rowspan="2" |modifying phrase introduced by a verb acting as an adjective (participle)
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| |participial phrases
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| |-
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| |-
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| |-
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| | rowspan="3" |parenthetical phrases
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| | rowspan="3" |sometimes called "interrupters", used to add information outside of sentence flow
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| |marked by parentheses '''( ... )''' commas ''', ... ,''' or dashes '''--. .. --'''
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| |-
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| |comma: identify if the comma is creating a list or acting parenthetically
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| |-
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| |dash: identify if the dash is acting as a colon or parentheses
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| |-
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| |-
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| | rowspan="8" |'''Verb'''
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| | rowspan="3" |tense
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| | rowspan="3" |subject-verb matching (conjugations)
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| |identify the subject and match the verb to the subject (conjugation or singular/plural)
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| |-
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| |subjects are never the noun in a prepositional phrase (object of the preposition)
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| |-
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| |conjugate the verb to identify 3rd person singular or plural ("it goes" v. "they go")
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| |-
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| | rowspan="4" |participle adjective
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| | rowspan="4" |verb acting as an adjective
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| |distinguish the action verb from a participle adjective
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| |-
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| |linking verbs "is"/ "are" (to be) are often followed by a past participle (subject complement adjective)
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| |-
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| |present particple adjective = "-ing" form of the verb
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| |-
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| |past participle adjective = "-ed" or other simple past tense of the verb
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| |-
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| |gerund noun
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| |verb acting as a noun with the -ing form of the verb
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| |the gerund noun can be a subject
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| |-
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| | rowspan="6" |'''Combining sentences'''
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| | rowspan="2" |redundancy
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| |repeats words or ideas already stated
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| |usually (but not always) the shortest answer is the correct answer if redundancy is the rule
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| |-
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| |pronoun is redundant or unecessary
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| |(note that comparisons and some other contexts require additional words)
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| |-
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| | rowspan="4" |punctuation
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| | rowspan="2" |type of clauses created by the sentence combination
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| |if two ICs are created, must be combined by a comma and coordinating conjunction (FANBOY)
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| |-
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| |if an IC and a SC are created, must be combined by a comma only
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| |-
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| | rowspan="2" |participial phrase
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| |participial phrases convert the verb of one of the sentences into a participle adjective
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| |-
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| |must be attached to an IC and combined with a comma only
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| |-
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| |Transition words
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| |-
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| |Sentence placement
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| |-
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| |apostrophes
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| |-
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| |parallelism
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| |-
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| |comparisons
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| |}
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| *
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| === Difficulty level === | | === Difficulty level === |