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SAT Reading & Writing section grammar rules & elimination chart: Difference between revisions

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SAT Reading & Writing section grammar rules & elimination chart (view source)

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'''SAT Writing section quick start rules & elimination chart'''
'''SAT Digital Reading and Writing section quick start rules & elimination chart'''
 
[[Category:SAT verbal]]
[[Category:SAT exam prep]]
[[Category:Grammar]]
[[Category:SAT Writing]]
* the answers & eliminations follow set grammar, punctuation, and usage conventions
* the answers & eliminations follow set grammar, punctuation, and usage conventions
* therefore, identify the rules as you practice & apply them in your elimination strategies
* therefore, identify the rules as you practice & apply them in your elimination strategies
* consider each possible answer and identify the RULES that govern its correctness or error:
* consider each possible answer and identify the RULES that govern its correctness or error:
 
 
'''* * page under construction **'''
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+'''CLAUSE'''
!Category
!Item
!Item
!Rule
!Rule
!Rule/ Test
!Rule/ Test
|-
|-
| rowspan="11" |'''Clause'''
| rowspan="4" |independent clause (IC)
| rowspan="4" |independent clause (IC)
| rowspan="4" |has a subject and verb and could be a sentence by itself
| rowspan="4" |has a subject and verb and could be a sentence by itself
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|-
|-
|multiple ICs are combined using comma + coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS)
|multiple ICs are combined using comma + coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS)
|-
|main clause (MC)
|the primary idea of a sentence
must be an IC
|if there are two IC, then there is no main clause (MC)
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" |dependent clause (DC)
| rowspan="3" |dependent clause (DC)
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|-
|-
|dependent clauses modify the IC or add information to it
|dependent clauses modify the IC or add information to it
|DC types include subordinate (SC) and relative (RC) clauses
|dependent clauses are introduced by a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun:
 
* subordinating conjunction: since,
 
* relative pronoun: that, which, who
|-
|-
|
|DC types include '''subordinate''' (SC), '''relative''' (RC), '''noun''' (NC) and '''adverb''' clauses
|
|identify dependent clauses by the conjunction that introduces the dependent thought ("Since it's raining...")
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |subordinate clause SC
| rowspan="2" |subordinate clause SC
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|make sure the SC is not next to another SC (i.e, 2 SC's in a row is usually incorrect)
|make sure the SC is not next to another SC (i.e, 2 SC's in a row is usually incorrect)
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |relative clause (RC)
| rowspan="3" |relative clause (RC)
|introduced by a relative pronoun (that, which, who, whom, which)
|introduced by a relative pronoun (that, which, who, whom, which)
|relative clause has a subject (pronoun) & verb but is not an IC, as it serves to modify the IC
|relative clause has a subject (pronoun) & verb but is not an IC, as it serves to modify the IC
|-
|-
|requisite RC = no punctuation if the information is essential (requisite)
|requisite RC = no punctuation if the information is essential (requisite)
|relative clauses may preceded (part of the subject) or follow the verb (part of the predicate)
|relative clauses may precede to modify a subject) or follow the verb (as part of the predicate)
|-
|-
|
|
|non-requisite RC = sparated from other sentence part by a comma (not essential)
|non-requisite RC = sparated from other sentence part by a comma (not essential)
|
|
|-
|-
| rowspan="10" |'''Phrase'''
|noun clause
(NC)
|a clause that acts as a noun
 
* = can be a subject, object, subject complement or object of a preposition
|NCs are often introduced by "what"
 
* "''What you think you know'' is wrong.
|-
|adverb clause
(AC)
|a clause that acts as an adverb
AC is a type of subordinate clause (SC)
 
* answers "where, when, why and how" of a main clause
* using SC such as "''after, because, wherever, with''", etc.
 
|AC answers ''how, where, when, why''
AC describes the action of the IC
 
* "He used a credit card ''because he had no cash"''
* "She ate heartily ''after she swam''"
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''PHRASE'''
| rowspan="2" |prepositional phrase
| rowspan="2" |prepositional phrase
|prepositional phrases are not subjects of a sentence
|prepositional phrases are not subjects of a sentence
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|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |participial phrase
| rowspan="2" |participial phrase
(or participle)
| rowspan="2" |modifying phrase introduced by a verb acting as an adjective (participle)
| rowspan="2" |modifying phrase introduced by a verb acting as an adjective (participle)
|participial phrases
|participial phrases
|-
|-
|
|-
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
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|dash: identify if the dash is acting as a colon or parentheses  
|dash: identify if the dash is acting as a colon or parentheses  
|-
|-
|
|appositive phrase
|
|a form of parenthetical phrase that provides additional information
|
|sets aside important information
|
may also conclude a sentence, thereby not technically parenthetical, ex.:
|-
 
| rowspan="8" |'''Verb'''
* The author, ''an ornithologist'', studies birds"
 
* "The author specializes in ornithology, ''the study of birds"''
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''VERB'''
| rowspan="3" |tense
| rowspan="3" |tense
| rowspan="3" |subject-verb matching (conjugations)
| rowspan="3" |subject-verb matching (conjugations)
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|the gerund noun can be a subject
|the gerund noun can be a subject
|-
|-
| rowspan="6" |'''Combining sentences'''
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''COMBINING SENTENCES'''
| rowspan="2" |redundancy
| rowspan="2" |redundancy
|repeats words or ideas already stated
|repeats words or ideas already stated
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|-
|-
|must be attached to an IC and combined with a comma only
|must be attached to an IC and combined with a comma only
|-
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ >> TO DO
|Transition words
|Transition words
|
|
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|}
|}
*
*
[[Category:SAT digital test]]
[[Category:SAT exam prep]]
[[Category:SAT Writing]]
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