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Non-finite verbs & the "verbiness" of participles gerunds infinitives worksheet: Difference between revisions
Non-finite verbs & the "verbiness" of participles gerunds infinitives worksheet (view source)
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{| | == Example == | ||
! | {| class="wikitable"; | ||
|+Present and Past Participles: finite and non-finite forms | |||
! rowspan="2" |Past | |||
Participle | |||
!Finite Verb | |||
<small>(has a subject)</small> | |||
! | |||
''I '''<u>spent</u>''' money on a new phone.'' | |||
|} | |- | ||
!Non-finite Verb | |||
<small>(does not have a subject)</small> | |||
!''My old one is more than'' ''<u>spent</u>.'' | |||
|- | |||
!Present | |||
Participle | |||
!Finite Verb | |||
<small>(has a subject)</small> | |||
!''I am spending too much money on phones.'' | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
!Non-finite Verb | |||
<small>(does not have a subject)</small> | |||
!Spending so much money on new phones is annoying | |||
|} | |||
== Finite v. Non-Finite Verbs == | |||
'''Finite verb''' = action verb | '''Finite verb''' = action verb | ||
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· also called “verbals” | · also called “verbals” | ||
== Participle == | |||
'''Participle''' = present continuous (-ing) or simple past (-ed) tense of a verb | '''Participle''' = present continuous (-ing) or simple past (-ed) tense of a verb | ||
· ''can be a finite or non-finite verb'' | · ''can be a finite or non-finite verb'' | ||
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== Non-finite verb forms: == | |||
· '''present participle''' = '''-''ing''''' | |||
· = an adjective (“present participle adjective”) | |||
or | |||
· = | · = a noun (“gerund”) | ||
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· '''infinitive''' = “to” form of a verb | · '''infinitive''' = “to” form of a verb | ||
· as in "to go" or "to enjoy" | |||
· “infinitive” is from Latin for “indefinite” or “unrestricted” because the verb form is not tied to a specific case (person or number) | · “infinitive” is from Latin for “indefinite” or “unrestricted” because the verb form is not tied to a specific case (person or number) | ||
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''Learning grammar is boring, but to know a little is quite useful'' | ''Learning grammar is boring, but to know a little is quite useful'' | ||
* "learning" = gerund (noun) | |||
** "grammar" = the object of the gerund "learning | |||
* "is" = finite verb | |||
** the subject of "is" is the gerund (non-finitve verb) "learning" | |||
* "to know" = infinitive | |||
** "to know" is acting as a noun and is the subject of the verb of the second clause "is" | |||
*** "a little" is a compound adverb that modifies "to know" | |||
whereas both “learning” and “to know” are the subjects (nouns) of the two verbs “is”, they convey the action of learning and knowing. | whereas both “learning” and “to know” are the subjects (nouns) of the two verbs “is”, they convey the action of learning and knowing. | ||
Additionally, while non-finite verbs do not have a subject, they maintain the grammatical properties of finite verbs of objects and complements. Thus, in | Additionally, while non-finite verbs do not have a subject, they maintain the grammatical properties of finite verbs of objects and complements. Thus, in | ||
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To test whether the participle or infinitive is an adjective/adverb or noun, remove it from the sentence, and see… | To test whether the participle or infinitive is an adjective/adverb or noun, remove it from the sentence, and see… | ||
== | == “Verbiness” == | ||
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Let’s see how: | Let’s see how: | ||
== | == Verbiness of Participle Adjectives: == | ||
- participle adjective indicating an action: | - participle adjective indicating an action: | ||
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· “to my house” = prepositional phrase | · “to my house” = prepositional phrase | ||
== | == Verbiness of Gerunds: == | ||
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'''''Cooking''''' ''takes practice'' | '''''Cooking''''' ''takes practice'' | ||
· “cooking” = subject (noun) | · “cooking” = subject (a noun) | ||
· but it still retains a sense of the action of “to cook”, even though it is not a direct action with a subject | |||
- gerund with an object: | - gerund with an object: | ||
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· "computer" = the object of infinitive noun "to build" | · "computer" = the object of infinitive noun "to build" | ||
== Worksheet printout == | |||
[[File:Verbiness of participles gerunds infinitives.pdf]] | |||
[[Category:Grammar]] | [[Category:Grammar]] | ||
[[Category:Parts of speech]] | [[Category:Parts of speech]] | ||