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=== that === | === that === | ||
* in general: | * in general: | ||
** | ** to add necessary (requisite) information ("those are the kind of shoes ''that'' hurt") | ||
** | ** definite pronoun reference ("Ouch, ''that'' rock is hard!") | ||
** relative pronoun that introduces a relative clause or phrase ("I read a book ''that was so long''" | |||
* determiner and conjunction: | * determiner and conjunction: | ||
** as a | ** the determiner "that" serves as a conjunction that introduces a relative clause that adds information to the main clause | ||
** since | *** thus "relative clause" | ||
** within a relative clause ''that'' acts as the object of the relative clause: | |||
*** ex. "I rode my bike up a hill ''that went on forever''" | |||
**** in the relative clause, ''that went on forever'', the word "that" = the subject of the verb "went" | |||
**** however, the main or independent clause = "I rode my bike" | |||
***** "that went on forever" adds additional information to the main clause | |||
** note that since "that" may add '''necessary''' or '''requisite''' information, no punctuation separates it and the relative clause it creates from the main clause: | |||
*** ex. "She said that she already did it" | *** ex. "She said that she already did it" | ||
****''= | ****''= that she already did it'' serves as the object of the S-V "she said" | ||
*** | **** since it is necessary or requisite for the sentence to make sense, it is a "restrictive relative clause" that is not separated from the main clause by puncutation | ||
***** generally, non-restrictive relative clauses, i.e., those that are not necessary for the sentence to make sense employ the word, "which" | |||
****** ex. "I rode my bike up a hill, which seemed like forever" | |||
******* in this case, the speaker is emphasizing riding the bike up the hill and then adding to it with the non-restrictive clause, "which seemed like forever" | |||
******* compare that to "I rode my bike up a hill ''that went on forever''" << the relative clause is necessary and acts to modify the "hill" | |||
* pronoun | * pronoun | ||
** that specifies | ** that specifies a noun, event, or idea already mentioned or known | ||
*** "That was really fun!" | *** "That was really fun!" | ||
** specifies a certain person or thing: | ** specifies a certain person or thing: | ||
*** ex., "That little boy was super happy." | *** ex., "That little boy was super happy." | ||
* adverb | |||
** "to such a degree" | |||
*** compares an extent of something | |||
*** ex. "I wouldn't go that far" | |||
** = "so", so that" or "in order to" | |||
*** "I swim that I come home hungry", which we would normally say as: | |||
**** "I swim hard so that I come home super hungry" | |||
== V-W-X == | == V-W-X == |