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Indo-European word origins in proto-Indo-European (PIE) language: Difference between revisions
Indo-European word origins in proto-Indo-European (PIE) language (view source)
Revision as of 16:51, 17 July 2021
, 17 July 2021→common Indo-European words & their origins
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| ''' | | '''PROTO-INDO-EUREOPEAN (PIE)'''|| '''MODERN ENGLISH''' ||'''OLD ENGLISH''' ||'''LATIN''' ||'''RELATED ENGLISH WORDS'''||'''SPANISH''' ||'''FRENCH''' || '''GERMAN''' | ||
|'''SANSKRIT''' | |'''SANSKRIT''' | ||
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|Anglo-Saxon (Germanic) origins, prior to Old Norse (Viking) and French (Normans) invasions & influences | |Anglo-Saxon (Germanic) origins, prior to Old Norse (Viking) and French (Normans) invasions & influences | ||
|Language of Ancient Rome, thus "Romance languages" are derived from it (French, Spanish, Italian, Romanian) | |Language of Ancient Rome, thus "Romance languages" are derived from it (French, Spanish, Italian, Romanian) | ||
| | |Note that some words come to Modern English from '''PIE''' via Old English and others via Latin and Greek | ||
|Romance / Latin-based | |Romance / Latin-based | ||
|Romance / Latin-based | |Romance / Latin-based | ||
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| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"| | | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"| | ||
=== Numbers=== | === Numbers=== | ||
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| *sem- | | *sem- | ||
|| '''one''' | |||
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|| semen, seminal, | |||
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| *dwóH₁ , neut. *dwóy(H₁) | | *dwóH₁ , neut. *dwóy(H₁) | ||
|| | ||'''two''' | ||
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| *tréyes (fem. *tisres,[63] neut. *tríH₂) | | *tréyes (fem. *tisres,[63] neut. *tríH₂) | ||
|| | || '''three''' | ||
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| *kʷetwóres (fem. *kʷétesres, neut. *kʷetwṓr) | | *kʷetwóres (fem. *kʷétesres, neut. *kʷetwṓr) | ||
|| '''four''' | |||
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|| quart, quarter, | |||
|| quart | |||
|| cuatro | |||
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| *pénkʷe | | *pénkʷe | ||
|| | || '''five''' | ||
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| *swék̂s | | *swék̂s | ||
|| | || '''six''' | ||
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| *septḿ̥ | | *septḿ̥ | ||
|| | || '''seven''' | ||
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| H₁ok̂tō(u) | | H₁ok̂tō(u) | ||
|| '''eight''' | |||
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|| octopus | |||
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| *(H₁)néwn̥ | | *(H₁)néwn̥ | ||
|| | || '''nine''' | ||
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| *dék̂m̥t | | *dék̂m̥t | ||
|| '''ten''' | |||
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|| decimal | |||
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| *k̂m̥tóm | | *k̂m̥tóm | ||
|| '''hundred''' | |||
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|| cent (as in 1/100th), centennial, century | |||
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| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Body parts''' | | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | | ||
=== '''Body parts''' === | |||
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| *káput ~ *kap-wét-s "head | | *káput ~ *kap-wét-s "head | ||
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| *dn̥ĝʰuH₂-, *dn̥ĝʰwéH₂ "tongue" | | *dn̥ĝʰuH₂-, *dn̥ĝʰwéH₂ "tongue" | ||
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| ĝ(o)nH₂dʰos "jaw, cheek, chin" | | ĝ(o)nH₂dʰos "jaw, cheek, chin" | ||
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| *ĝénu, ĝnéus "knee | | *ĝénu, ĝnéus "knee | ||
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| *H₁dónt-, *H₁dn̥t- "tooth" | | *H₁dónt-, *H₁dn̥t- "tooth" | ||
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| *H₃okʷ- "eye" | | *H₃okʷ- "eye" | ||
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| *k̂erd- "heart"; *k̂red-dʰē- "to believe" | | *k̂erd- "heart"; *k̂red-dʰē- "to believe" | ||
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| *nas- "nose" | | *nas- "nose" | ||
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| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | | | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | | ||