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Clause (grammar): Difference between revisions
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** and may or may not be a complete sentence or thought | ** and may or may not be a complete sentence or thought | ||
== What a clause is and is not == | === What a clause is and is not === | ||
* a clause is part of a sentence | * a clause is part of a sentence | ||
** a ''sentence'' is a grammatically correct and complete thought | ** a ''sentence'' is a grammatically correct and complete thought | ||
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|'''X''' | |'''X''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
* sources for clauses: | * sources for clauses: | ||
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*** this source is interesting as it addresses precision in language in terms of court cases and the law | *** this source is interesting as it addresses precision in language in terms of court cases and the law | ||
== main or dominant clause == | === main or dominant clause === | ||
* main or dominant clause = an IC (independent clause) | * main or dominant clause = an IC (independent clause) | ||
* the "main" clause is the clause the creates the "main idea" of the sentence | * the "main" clause is the clause the creates the "main idea" of the sentence | ||
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** dominant /main clauses employ direct voice, i.e. SVO | ** dominant /main clauses employ direct voice, i.e. SVO | ||
== independent clause == | === independent clause === | ||
* ''Independent Clause (IC) | * ''Independent Clause (IC) | ||
* = a ''sentence part'' that can stand as a complete sentence and thought | * = a ''sentence part'' that can stand as a complete sentence and thought | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
== dependent clause == | === dependent clause === | ||
* "Dependent Clause" (DC) is a sentence part that contains a subject and a verb but does not complete a thought | * "Dependent Clause" (DC) is a sentence part that contains a subject and a verb but does not complete a thought | ||
* also called "subordinate clause" | * also called "subordinate clause" | ||
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** [https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/difference-between-dependent-independent-clause The Difference Between Dependent and Independent Clauses (merriam-webster.com)] | ** [https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/difference-between-dependent-independent-clause The Difference Between Dependent and Independent Clauses (merriam-webster.com)] | ||
== subordinate clause == | === subordinate clause === | ||
* subordinate clause is another name for a DC | * subordinate clause is another name for a DC | ||
** we usually think of a subordinate clause as one that is formed by adding a subordinating conjunction | ** we usually think of a subordinate clause as one that is formed by adding a subordinating conjunction | ||
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** in this sense, subordinate clauses are preceded by "subordinating conjunctions" (see below) | ** in this sense, subordinate clauses are preceded by "subordinating conjunctions" (see below) | ||
== subordinating conjunction == | === subordinating conjunction === | ||
* Subordinating conjunction "subordinates" an IC into a DC | * Subordinating conjunction "subordinates" an IC into a DC | ||
** i.e, (SC) renders or turns an IC into a DC | ** i.e, (SC) renders or turns an IC into a DC | ||
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* Click here for list of and more on [[Grammar#subordinating_conjunctions (see Grammar entry)]] | * Click here for list of and more on [[Grammar#subordinating_conjunctions (see Grammar entry)]] | ||
== Relative clause == | === Relative clause === | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px; width:40%" | {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px; width:40%" | ||
|+ relative pronouns | |+ relative pronouns | ||
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** [https://www.softschools.com/examples/grammar/essential_and_nonessential_adjective_clauses_examples/81/# Essential and Nonessential Adjective Clauses Examples (softschools.com)] | ** [https://www.softschools.com/examples/grammar/essential_and_nonessential_adjective_clauses_examples/81/# Essential and Nonessential Adjective Clauses Examples (softschools.com)] | ||
== restrictive relative clause == | === restrictive relative clause === | ||
* goes by various names: necessary, requisite or defining clause | * goes by various names: necessary, requisite or defining clause | ||
** technically, also an "adjective clause" since it describes a previously stated (antecedent) noun | ** technically, also an "adjective clause" since it describes a previously stated (antecedent) noun | ||
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*** vs. "Glue, that sticks to both my fingers and the paper, is a pain" | *** vs. "Glue, that sticks to both my fingers and the paper, is a pain" | ||
**** since the parenthetical phrase is "non-defining" (can be removed), that would leave us with only "Glue is a pain" which lacks the defining information as to what type of glue is a pain, the kind "that sticks to both my fingers and the paper" | **** since the parenthetical phrase is "non-defining" (can be removed), that would leave us with only "Glue is a pain" which lacks the defining information as to what type of glue is a pain, the kind "that sticks to both my fingers and the paper" | ||
=== because: when to use a comma === | ==== because: when to use a comma ==== | ||
* ''because'' is a subordinating conjunction and not a relative pronoun | * ''because'' is a subordinating conjunction and not a relative pronoun | ||
** normally, a subordinate clause preceding the main clause would be separated by a comma: | ** normally, a subordinate clause preceding the main clause would be separated by a comma: | ||
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**** ''Playing tennis is fun, because it means the weather is good'' | **** ''Playing tennis is fun, because it means the weather is good'' | ||
=== non-restrictive relative clause === | ==== non-restrictive relative clause ==== | ||
* or "Non-defining relative clause" | * or "Non-defining relative clause" | ||
* or "non-essential" clause | * or "non-essential" clause | ||
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* see Restrictive relative clauses for sources | * see Restrictive relative clauses for sources | ||
== Other types of clauses == | === Other types of clauses === | ||
=== adjective clause === | ==== adjective clause ==== | ||
* = a dependent clause that contains a subject and verb but acts as a modifier or adjective | * = a dependent clause that contains a subject and verb but acts as a modifier or adjective | ||
* see "relative clause" | * see "relative clause" | ||
=== adverbial clause === | ==== adverbial clause ==== | ||
* = a subordinate clause created by a subordinating conjunction and adding information to the action of a sentence: | * = a subordinate clause created by a subordinating conjunction and adding information to the action of a sentence: | ||
* adverbial clauses define or add information as to ''how, how much, when, where, why'' | * adverbial clauses define or add information as to ''how, how much, when, where, why'' | ||
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** '''''As my grades sank''', my heart sank, as well'' | ** '''''As my grades sank''', my heart sank, as well'' | ||
=== finite and non-finite clauses === | ==== finite and non-finite clauses ==== | ||
* refer to types of clauses with verbs that either show or do not show "tense" (past, present future) | * refer to types of clauses with verbs that either show or do not show "tense" (past, present future) | ||
** = not an important category, but one that grammarians refer to in the context of "tense" | ** = not an important category, but one that grammarians refer to in the context of "tense" | ||
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* see https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/clauses-finite-and-non-finite | * see https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/clauses-finite-and-non-finite | ||
=== noun clause === | ==== noun clause ==== | ||
* = a clause that functions as a thing or idea (nouns) | * = a clause that functions as a thing or idea (nouns) | ||
** ex.: "What I love to eat the most is steak" | ** ex.: "What I love to eat the most is steak" | ||