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Ancient Greece Outline: Difference between revisions
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* from revelation to investigation | * from revelation to investigation | ||
* change | * change | ||
* causes of democracy | * forms of government | ||
** causes of democracy (Athens) | |||
** other government forms (Spartan oligarchy and constitution) | |||
* connect democracy to sophists to philosophers | * connect democracy to sophists to philosophers | ||
* class conflict | * class conflict | ||
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** four tribes: | ** four tribes: | ||
*** Ionians, Dorians, Aeolians and Achaeans) | *** Ionians, Dorians, Aeolians and Achaeans) | ||
* three linguistic groups: | [[File:AncientGreekDialects (Woodard) en.svg|thumb|Ancient Greek Dialects (Woodard) en (wikipedia)]] | ||
** Ionian, | * three major linguistic groups: | ||
** Dorian, Aeolian and Ionian dialects (or Doric, Aeolic and Ionic), divided into | |||
*** Western group: Doric, Northwest Greek and Achaean Doric dialects | |||
**** includes Sparta and Corinth | |||
*** Central group: Aeolic and Arcado-Cyproit dialects | |||
[[File:Western Asia Minor Greek Colonization.svg|thumb|Greek settlements in western Asia Minor, Aeolian area in dark red.]] | |||
**** includes Corinth, Arcadia (central Peloponnese) and Aeolis (north of Ionia) | |||
*** Eastern group: Attic Ionic dialects | |||
**** includes Athens, Ionia and northern coastal regions of the Aegean Sea | |||
= Early Greece= | = Early Greece= | ||
== Crete & Minoans== | == Crete & Minoans== | ||
* >> [[Minoan Outline]] article to do | * >> [[Minoan Outline]] article to do | ||
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* historical Crete v. Greek mythology | * historical Crete v. Greek mythology | ||
** founding myth of Greece | ** founding myth of Greece | ||
*** | *** tribute paid to Minoan king of young men and women who were thrown into the Labyrinth | ||
*** later adopted by Athens in order to create a mythological origin for Classical Age Athenian naval power | *** later adopted by Athens in order to create a mythological origin for Classical Age Athenian naval power | ||
* Minoan | * Minoan | ||
* Knossos | * Knossos | ||
** | ** Labyrinth | ||
*** Greeks credited | *** Greeks credited architecture to Daedalus | ||
** labyrinth possible origins | ** labyrinth possible origins | ||
*** | *** labyrinth-like caves in Crete, although none discovered near Knossos | ||
*** Knossos huge construction with many rooms, perhaps labyrinth-like | *** Knossos huge construction with many rooms, perhaps labyrinth-like | ||
* sources | * sources | ||
** [http://www.unmuseum.org/minot.htm The Labyrinth at Knsossos] from unmuseum.org | ** [http://www.unmuseum.org/minot.htm The Labyrinth at Knsossos] from unmuseum.org | ||
== | == Mycaneans == | ||
== | == Dorian Invasion == | ||
== Dark Ages Greece == | |||
==Archaic Period== | == Archaic Period == | ||
* Athens: from Plutarch Parallel Lives, "Theseus," 24, p. 29-30: "After Aegeus's [the king of the are where Athens was built] death Theseus conceived a wonderful and far-reaching plan, which was nothing less than to concentrate the inhabitants of Attica into a capital. In this way he transformed them into one people belonging to one city, whereas until then they had lived in widely scattered communities... The common people and the poor responded at once to his appeal, while to the more influential classes he proposed a constitution without a king: there was to be a democracy... [He built] a single town-hall and senate house for the whole community on the site of the present Acropolis, and he named the city Athens." (from http://www.freewalt.com/socialstudies/history/world/grecoroman/greeks/archaic.htm) | * Athens: from Plutarch Parallel Lives, "Theseus," 24, p. 29-30: "After Aegeus's [the king of the are where Athens was built] death Theseus conceived a wonderful and far-reaching plan, which was nothing less than to concentrate the inhabitants of Attica into a capital. In this way he transformed them into one people belonging to one city, whereas until then they had lived in widely scattered communities... The common people and the poor responded at once to his appeal, while to the more influential classes he proposed a constitution without a king: there was to be a democracy... [He built] a single town-hall and senate house for the whole community on the site of the present Acropolis, and he named the city Athens." (from http://www.freewalt.com/socialstudies/history/world/grecoroman/greeks/archaic.htm) | ||
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* in Greece, generally urban centers that controlled nearby surrounding lands | * in Greece, generally urban centers that controlled nearby surrounding lands | ||
==Polis== | == Polis == | ||
* "polis" = "cities" or "citizenship | * "polis" = "cities" or "citizenship | ||
* polis is characterized by self-governed indepedent city-states | * polis is characterized by self-governed indepedent city-states | ||
* polis is characterized by citizens not subjects | * polis is characterized by citizens not subjects | ||
** citizenship = rights, protections, and responsibilities | ** citizenship = rights, protections, and responsibilities | ||
* Greek city states were generally aligned by language and religion | |||
** the Dorian states included Sparta and Corinth | |||
** Athens considered itself an indigenous (original) people | |||
*** Athens existing during the Mycenaean period and was not impacted by the Dorian invasion | |||
*** its language group was Attica, considered part of the Ionian language group | |||
** the Aeoloic group included Thebes | |||
* ancient sources on the rise of the Polis: | * ancient sources on the rise of the Polis: | ||
** Aristotle, "This is the polis. It has come into being in order, simply, that life can go on; but now it exists so as to make that life a good life." (from http://www.freewalt.com/socialstudies/history/world/grecoroman/greeks/archaic.htm) | ** Aristotle, "This is the polis. It has come into being in order, simply, that life can go on; but now it exists so as to make that life a good life." (from http://www.freewalt.com/socialstudies/history/world/grecoroman/greeks/archaic.htm) | ||
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Small but sovereign political unit (not originally a democracy) | Small but sovereign political unit (not originally a democracy) | ||
**Plato Republic, 2.369b-c, p. 46. Plato writes an account of Socrates' view of the political foundations of a hypothetical city. Socrates says that "each of us isn't self-sufficient but is in need of much." He then says, "So, then, when one man takes on another for one need and another for another need, and, since many things are needed, many men gather in one settlement as partners and helpers, to this common settlement we give the name city." | **Plato Republic, 2.369b-c, p. 46. Plato writes an account of Socrates' view of the political foundations of a hypothetical city. Socrates says that "each of us isn't self-sufficient but is in need of much." He then says, "So, then, when one man takes on another for one need and another for another need, and, since many things are needed, many men gather in one settlement as partners and helpers, to this common settlement we give the name city." | ||
* links for Archaic Age | * links for Archaic Age | ||
http://www.ancientgreece.com/s/ArchaicPeriod/ | http://www.ancientgreece.com/s/ArchaicPeriod/ | ||
== forms of government == | |||
>> to do | |||
>> add Polybius and Anacyclosis | |||
* see [https://www.patheos.com/blogs/leithart/2016/03/three-forms-of-tyranny/ Three Forms of Tyranny (blog post from patheos.com)] | |||
== consent, dissent and ostracism== | == consent, dissent and ostracism== | ||
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** [[http://www.eecs.tufts.edu/~bzarit/thucydides.html The Revolution at Corcyra Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War - papar by Ben Zarit (Tufts.edu) with good background and review | ** [[http://www.eecs.tufts.edu/~bzarit/thucydides.html The Revolution at Corcyra Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War - papar by Ben Zarit (Tufts.edu) with good background and review | ||
== Culture == | |||
== Art == | |||
=== Greek realism === | |||
=== Sculpture === | |||
=== Painting === | |||
* see Protogenes v. Apelles | |||
<pre>Pliny the Elder, in his Natural History, relates the story of a contest between Apelles and Protogenes: 'Apelles sailed [to Rhodes], eager to see the works of a man known to him only by reputation, and on his arrival immediately repaired to the studio. Protogenes was not at home, but a solitary old woman was keeping watch over a large panel placed on the easel. In answer to the questions of Apelles, she said that Protogenes was out and asked the name of the visitor. "Here it is," said Apelles, and snatching up a brush he drew a line of extreme delicacy across the board. On the return of Protogenes, the old woman told him what had happened. When he had considered the delicate precision of the line he at once declared that his visitor had been Apelles, for no one else could have drawn anything so perfect. Then in another colour he drew a second still finer line upon the first, and went away, bidding her show it to Apelles if he came again, and add that this was the man he was seeking. It fell out as he expected; Apelles did return, and, ashamed to be beaten, drew a third line of another colour cutting the two first down their length and leaving no room for any further refinement. Protogenes owned himself beaten and hurried down to the harbour to find his visitor; they agreed to hand down the painting just as it was to posterity, a marvel to all, but especially to artists.' This panel was seen by Pliny (N.H. xxxv. 83) in Rome, where it was much admired, and where it perished by fire.</pre> | |||
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protogenes | |||
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apelles | |||
== Lesson Plans == | == Lesson Plans == | ||