A+ Club Lesson Planner & Study Guide

AP US History vocabulary list: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

AP US History vocabulary list (view source)

Revision as of 19:43, 3 May 2024

4,415 bytes added ,  3 May
m
→‎Minor Wars or US Military actions
VisualWikitext
(18 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 58: Line 58:
* wars are the effect or cause of change
* wars are the effect or cause of change
* knowing wars and their dates and geography provides context and points of comparison
* knowing wars and their dates and geography provides context and points of comparison
 
<div style="column-count:2">
{| class="wikitable"
=== Major Wars ===
|+ Wars Timeline
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| '''Major Wars'''
*
* French-Indian War, 1754-1768:  
* French-Indian War, 1754-1768:  
* American Revolution, 1764-1783  
* American Revolution, 1764-1783  
Line 73: Line 69:
* Philipine Insurgeny, 1899-1902
* Philipine Insurgeny, 1899-1902
* World War I (U.S.), 1917-1918
* World War I (U.S.), 1917-1918
* White Russian War, 1917
* Wolrd War II (U.S.) 1941-1945
* Wolrd War II (U.S.) 1941-1945
* Korean War, 1950-1953
* Korean War, 1950-1953
Line 82: Line 79:
* Iraq War, 2003-2011
* Iraq War, 2003-2011
* Iraqi Insurgency, 2003-2006
* Iraqi Insurgency, 2003-2006
|| '''Minor Wars'''
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Quasi-War, 1798-1800|series of naval battles of the East coast and in the Caribbean, primarily over trade and other diplomatic tensions betwen England and France, and the U.S. and both}}</ul></li>
'''Colonial Wars'''


<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Anglow-Powhatan Wars (1610-1614, 1622-1632, 1644-1646|series of conflicts, raids, hostage-taking, and reprisal attacks between English settlers, starting at Jamestown, and Powhattan tribes and their leadership; the Powhattan goal was to drive the English out of Virginia entirely, the Treaty of 1846 ended hostilities and defined the extent of English possessions from the coast upwards the navigable portions of the York and othe rivers}}</ul></li>
=== Colonial Wars ===
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Anglow-Powhatan Wars (1610-1646)|series of three conflicts, 1610-1614, 1622-1632, 1644-1646, consiting of Indian raids, hostage-taking, and English reprisal attacks, starting at Jamestown, and between the English and the Powhattan tribes and their leadership; the Powhattan goal was to drive the English out of Virginia entirely; the Treaty of 1846 ended hostilities and defined the extent of English possessions from the coast upwards the navigable portions of the York and othe rivers}}</ul></li>
* Jamestown Massacre, 1622
* Pequot War (1634-1638)
* Pequot War (1634-1638)
* King Philip's War, 1675-1678  
* King Philip's War, 1675-1678 | Metaomb's War
* King William's War, 1689-1897
* King William's War, 1689-1897
* Queen Anne's War, 1702-1713
* Queen Anne's War, 1702-1713
* Yamasee War, 1715-1717|in the Carolinas
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Anglow-Powhatan Wars (1610-1646)|Yamasee War, 1715-1717|frontier/ land disputes and conflicts between settlers and Native Americans in the Carolinas}}</ul></li>
 
'''British Frontier / Indian Wars'''


=== British Colonial Era Frontier / Indian Wars ===
These wars were generally over lands, trade resources, tribal-disputes, or European disputes
* Beaver Wars, 1609-1701
* Beaver Wars, 1609-1701
* Chickawaw Wars, 1721-1763
* Chickawaw Wars, 1721-1763
* Dummer's War, 1722-25
* Pontiac's War, 1763-1766
* Pontiac's War, 1763-1766
* Lord Dunmore's War, 1774
* Lord Dunmore's War, 1774


'''Slave Revolts'''
=== US Indian Wars ===
* Creek War (Tecumhsah)
* Seminole Wars
* see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Indian_Wars


=== Slave Revolts ===
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:New York Slave Revolt of 1712|New York held the most slaves of all the colonies as of 1712, but for urban not agricultural labor; there were many freed slaves, as well, who lived in proximity to one another, so slave discontent was driven by access to and sharing with freed slaves and people in general; the NY Slave Revolt makes for an interesting comparison v. other, southern, slave revolts in that they were not isolated by agricultural conditions and plantation structures}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:New York Slave Revolt of 1712|New York held the most slaves of all the colonies as of 1712, but for urban not agricultural labor; there were many freed slaves, as well, who lived in proximity to one another, so slave discontent was driven by access to and sharing with freed slaves and people in general; the NY Slave Revolt makes for an interesting comparison v. other, southern, slave revolts in that they were not isolated by agricultural conditions and plantation structures}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Stono Rebellion, 1739|South Carolina, largest slave rebellion with 25 English and 35-50 slaves killed; led by an educated slave who knew to take advantage of planters' Sunday worship gatherings when they were unsuspecting and unarmed; this and other southern slave revolts were the product of horrible living conditions but growing slave populations who were able to organize while isolated from free whites; following the Stono Rebellion, SC passed laws requiring more whites per black slaves on plantations and limiting slave access to their own food and economic production}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Stono Rebellion, 1739|South Carolina, largest slave rebellion with 25 English and 35-50 slaves killed; led by an educated slave who knew to take advantage of planters' Sunday worship gatherings when they were unsuspecting and unarmed; this and other southern slave revolts were the product of horrible living conditions but growing slave populations who were able to organize while isolated from free whites; following the Stono Rebellion, SC passed laws requiring more whites per black slaves on plantations and limiting slave access to their own food and economic production}}</ul></li>
* Nat Turner's Rebellion
* Nat Turner's Rebellion, 1826
 
'''US Fronteir/ Indian Wars'''


* Bacon's Rebellion
=== Frontier Wars ===
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Bacon's Rebellion 1676|violent political dispute over colonial protection of frontier settlers and lands; see below}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Regulator Insurrection, 1766-1771|ongoing defiance and rebellion of rural North Carolina colonists who objected to taxation and control from the eastern capital of North Carolina, New Bern; the term "Regulators" was chosen to emphasize that the movement wanted "regular" order of local governance and control}}</ul></li>
* Whiskey Rebellion, 1791-1794
* Whiskey Rebellion, 1791-1794
* Fries's Rebellion, 1799-1800|Tax revolt by Pennyslvania Dutch farmers
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Fries's Rebellion, 1799-1800|Tax revolt by Pennyslvania Dutch farmers}}</ul></li>


'''20th Century Wars'''
=== Minor Wars or US Military actions ===
 
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Quasi-War, 1798-1800|series of naval battles of the East coast and in the Caribbean, primarily over trade and other diplomatic tensions betwen England and France, and the U.S. and both}}</ul></li>
* Panama Revolution
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:First Barbary War, 1801-1805|In response to attacks and hostage-taking of American and other ships since the 1780s by North African "Barbary Pirates", raiders sponsored by by local Ottoman rules, the Jefferson administration sent warships to end the harrassment and cease the practice of paying "tribute" for release of vessels and sailors}}</ul></li>
* White Russian War, 1917
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Second Barbary War, 1815|after ongoing harrassment of US ships by North African raiders, US Navy defeated the Algerian fleet and ended the long-standing problem with the 'Barbery Pirates"}}</ul></li>
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Panama Revolution, 1903|Teddy Roosevelt Administration sent US warships to Panama in support of revolutionaries who were seeking independence from Columbia; Roosevelt did so becuase a prior agreement with Columbia to give the U.S. rights to build a canal across Panama (the "Panama Isthmums") had fallen apart, and by supporting the revolutionaries, Roosevelt secured access to the lands for the canal}}</ul></li>
|
* Russian White Revolution, Vladistok, 1918
* Berlin Airlift, 1946 << date?
||Overseas Wars to know
* Greece, 1948
* Iran, 1950s
* Grenada, 1980s
* Panama, 1990 < confirm
* Syria, 2010-12
* Libya, 2012


* Thirty Years War,1618-1648
=== Important non-American Wars ===
* Thirty Years War, 1618-1648
* Anglo-Spanish War, 1625-1630
* Anglo-Spanish War, 1625-1630
* English Civil War, 1642-1644
* English Civil War, 1642-1644
Line 129: Line 135:
* Pueblo Revolt, 1680
* Pueblo Revolt, 1680
* French Revolution, 1789-1795
* French Revolution, 1789-1795
* Haitian Revolution, 1791-1804|series of wars of that ended in Haitian independence from France; the impact upon the U.S. was that without control of Haiti, New Orleans became less important to France, which also needed the revenue from the Louisiana Purchase}}<nowiki></ul></nowiki></il>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Haitian Revolution, 1791-1804|series of wars of that ended in Haitian independence from France; the impact upon the U.S. was that without control of Haiti, New Orleans became less important to France, which also needed the revenue from the Louisiana Purchase}}</ul></li>
* Napoleonic Wars, 1803-1815
* Napoleonic Wars, 1803-1815
*
* Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905
* Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905
* Mexican Revolution, 1910-1920
* Mexican Revolution, 1910-1920
* Russian Revolution, 1917
* Russian Revolution, 1917
* World War I, 1914-1918
* World War I, 1914-1918
* Japanese Invasion of Manchuria, 1931-32:  
* Japanese Invasion of Manchuria, 1931-32:
* World War II, 1939-1945
* World War II, 1939-1945
*Suez Crisis, 1957 <<confirm
</div>
<br>
-------------------
== American Revolution flowcharts ==
<nowiki>***</nowiki> UNDER CONSTRUCTION <nowiki>***</nowiki>
==== Origins ====
{{#mermaid:flowchart LR
WE[Colonial Westward Expansion]-->FI
WE[Colonial Westward Expansion]<--British Response = <br>to curtail westward settlement-->RP[Royal Proclamation of 1763]
subgraph " "
  FI[French Indian War, 1754-1763]
end
FI-->RP
}}
==== Laws to regulate and raise revenue ====
{{#mermaid:flowchart LR
WD[War debt, management<br>of new posseesssions]-->Su[Parliament passes laws<br>to raise revenue]
subgraph " "
Su[Sugar Act of 1764]
end
Su-->St
subgraph " "
St[Stamp Act of 1765]
end
St--Colonial response-->SAC[Stamp Act Congress, New York, 1766]
Su--Colonial boycott-->SAC[Stamp Act Congress, New York, 1766]
}}
==== Enforcement and Colonial responses ====
{{#mermaid:flowchart LR
RS[Repeal of Stamp Act]--replaced by-->DA[Declaratory Act, 1766]
RS-->CCA[Commissioners of Customs Act 1767]
CCA--American Board of Customs Commissioners<br>exercised independent power in collecting taxes-->IE[Increased enforcement]
}}
{{#mermaid:flowchart LR
IE[Increased enforcement]-->Sm[Confrontation with Smugglers]
Sm-->BOS[Occupration of Boston by British Troops]-->BM[Boston Massacre, 1770]
}}


*Suez Crisis, 1957 <<
  Section: Revolutinary War
|-
    1774: First Continential Congress
|}
    1775: Paine's "Comon Sense"
    1776: Declaration of Independence


== Colonial Periods ==
== Colonial Periods ==
=== Pre-Columbian ===
=== Pre-Columbian ===
<div style="column-count:2">
<div style="column-count:2">
Line 167: Line 225:
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:De Las Casas|Spanish priest Bartolomé de las Casas wrote in 1542 "A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies" documenting Spanish abuse of Native Americans}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:De Las Casas|Spanish priest Bartolomé de las Casas wrote in 1542 "A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies" documenting Spanish abuse of Native Americans}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:encomienda|from ''encomendar'' for to "entrust", a land and labor grant as reward to ''conquistadores'' for conquests on behalf of Spain; the ''encomenderos'' thus claimed large lands and plantations using enslaved native labor; the ''encomienda'' system incentivized Spanish conquest and expansion across the world; the system was outlawed in 1542 when Natives were granted limited Spanish citizenship (i.e., "subjects" of the Spanish king); it was replaced by the ''repartiamento'' system}}</ul>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:encomienda|from ''encomendar'' for to "entrust", a land and labor grant as reward to ''conquistadores'' for conquests on behalf of Spain; the ''encomenderos'' thus claimed large lands and plantations using enslaved native labor; the ''encomienda'' system incentivized Spanish conquest and expansion across the world; the system was outlawed in 1542 when Natives were granted limited Spanish citizenship (i.e., "subjects" of the Spanish king); it was replaced by the ''repartiamento'' system}}</ul>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Florida (or Spanish Florida)|After the French-Indian War (1763), Spain traded Florida for Louisiana Territories west of the Mississippi (Britain returned Havana Cuba and Manilla, Philippines, which it had seized during the Seven Years War); Britain ceded Florida back to Spain after the American Revolution; significant numbers of Americans moved into the western Florida panhandle, which the U.S. annexed in 1910 following declaration by those settlers of the "Free and Independent Republic of West Florida. After the 1817/18 First Seminole War (led by Andrew Jackson), the US took control of most of Florida, and Spain ceded the entire territory in the 1819 Adams–Onís Treaty in exchange for an indemnity of $5 milllion in American claims against Spain. Upon independence, Mexico refused to recognize the Treaty, but it was mostly upheld in the 1828 "Treaty of Limits" between the US and Mexico}}<li>hacienda</ul>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Florida (or Spanish Florida)|After the French-Indian War (1763), Spain traded Florida for Louisiana Territories west of the Mississippi (Britain returned Havana Cuba and Manilla, Philippines, which it had seized during the Seven Years War); Britain ceded Florida back to Spain after the American Revolution; significant numbers of Americans moved into the western Florida panhandle, which the U.S. annexed in 1910 following declaration by those settlers of the "Free and Independent Republic of West Florida. After the 1817/18 First Seminole War (led by Andrew Jackson), the US took control of most of Florida, and Spain ceded the entire territory in the 1819 Adams–Onís Treaty in exchange for an indemnity of $5 milllion in American claims against Spain. Upon independence, Mexico refused to recognize the Treaty, but it was mostly upheld in the 1828 "Treaty of Limits" between the US and Mexico}}<li>hacienda<li>Mit'a (Inca) system</ul>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:New Laws of 1542|replaced the Laws of Burgos of 1512 that were supposed to protect the rights of the native peoples; the New Laws ended the ''encomienda'' system by outlawing hereditary control; the New Laws met great and at times violent protest by the ''encomederos''; the New Laws marked more direct control of the colonies by Spanish King Charles I (who was also Holy Roman Emperor Charles V); the intervention by Charles may be usefully compared to that of various English monarchs}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:New Laws of 1542|replaced the Laws of Burgos of 1512 that were supposed to protect the rights of the native peoples; the New Laws ended the ''encomienda'' system by outlawing hereditary control; the New Laws met great and at times violent protest by the ''encomederos''; the New Laws marked more direct control of the colonies by Spanish King Charles I (who was also Holy Roman Emperor Charles V); the intervention by Charles may be usefully compared to that of various English monarchs}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Pueblo Revolt|1680 rebellion by the Pueblo (in modern New Mexico/ AZ), and led by Papé, for maltreatment by the Spanish, who had outlawed their religious practices, forced labor, resource extraction (maize and textiles);  }}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Pueblo Revolt|1680 rebellion by the Pueblo (in modern New Mexico/ AZ), and led by Papé, for maltreatment by the Spanish, who had outlawed their religious practices, forced labor, resource extraction (maize and textiles);  }}</ul></li>
Line 174: Line 232:
{{#tip-text:Sepúlveda|Spanish philosopher Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda who in 1550/51 debated in writing De las Casas over legitimacy of Spanish colonization and treatment of Native Americans; Sepúlveda argued the superior Spanish culture justified the conquest of "savage" natives and forced conversion to Christianity; his views were shared by later Americans who justified westward expansion and maltreatment of Native tribes)}}</ul></li>
{{#tip-text:Sepúlveda|Spanish philosopher Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda who in 1550/51 debated in writing De las Casas over legitimacy of Spanish colonization and treatment of Native Americans; Sepúlveda argued the superior Spanish culture justified the conquest of "savage" natives and forced conversion to Christianity; his views were shared by later Americans who justified westward expansion and maltreatment of Native tribes)}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Spanish social heirarchies (terms)|''peninsulares'' = born in Spain; ''criolles'' = born in New World of Spanish descent; ''mestizos'' = mixed Spanish and Native American parentage; mulattos = African parentage mixed with other races/ethnicities}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Spanish social heirarchies (terms)|''peninsulares'' = born in Spain; ''criolles'' = born in New World of Spanish descent; ''mestizos'' = mixed Spanish and Native American parentage; mulattos = African parentage mixed with other races/ethnicities}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Treaty of Tordesillas|1494 agreement negotationed by Pope AlexanderVI that divided New World holdings between Spain and Portugal bsed on a "line of demarcation," a north-south longitude line that divided South America between Spanish and Portuguese holings (estabslishing Portugues Brasil)}}</ul></li>


=== Dutch and French colonialism ===
=== Dutch and French colonialism ===
Line 204: Line 263:
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:term|explanation}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:term|explanation}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:term|explanation}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:term|explanation}}</ul></li>
*


*
=== Colonial political, economic and social characteristics ===  
=== Colonial political, economic and social characteristics ===  
Maryland| proprietary colony
Maryland| proprietary colony
Line 214: Line 270:
Virginia colonies
Virginia colonies


 
* the Great Awakening
* headright system
* headright system
* House of Burgesses
* House of Burgesses
Line 221: Line 277:
* John Rolfe
* John Rolfe
* John Smith
* John Smith
* Join Stock Compnany
* Jonathan Edwards
* Jonathan Edwards
* King Philip’s War
* King Philip’s War
* "Lost Colony"
* Massachusetts Bay Colony
* Massachusetts Bay Colony
* miration push/ pull factors
* miration push/ pull factors
Line 231: Line 289:
* Puritan
* Puritan
* Queen Anne's War
* Queen Anne's War
* salutary neglect
* salutary neglect
* the Great Awakening
* slave codes
* types of colonies: proprietary, royal, corporate
* types of colonies: proprietary, royal, corporate charter
* Yoeman


* William Penn
* William Penn
Line 592: Line 650:
* National Origins Act
* National Origins Act
* New Deal
* New Deal
* Palmer Raids
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Palmer Raids|named for Wilson Administration Attorney General, Palmer, who oversaw "raids" (searches, arrests) of radical organizations, mostly socialists and anarchists; the impetus for the raids were a series of bombs mailed by anarchists in April 1919}}</ul></li>
* Proclamation of Neutrality
* Proclamation of Neutrality
* prohibition
* prohibition
* pump-priming
* pump-priming
* Red Scare
* Red Scare|"First Red Scare" 1919, caused by anarchist and socialist protests and terrorism (mailing bombs); the success of the Russian communist revolution heightened these fears, as did teh 1920 "Wall Street Bombing" which kille d40 people}}</ul></li>
* Return to ‘normalcy’
* Return to ‘normalcy’
* Roarding Twenties
* Roarding Twenties
Retrieved from "https://school4schools.wiki/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/4959...4978"