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Ancient Egypt: Difference between revisions
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=== | ===Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV)=== | ||
* reign: 1353 – 1336 BC | * reign: 1353 – 1336 BC | ||
* also spelled Akhenaton | |||
** son of Amenhotep III | ** son of Amenhotep III | ||
** great-grandson of Thutmose III | ** great-grandson of Thutmose III | ||
** | ** his queen =Nefertiti | ||
* attempted monotheistic religion based on one god, Aten, a sun god, represented by a "sun disk" | * attempted monotheistic religion based on one god, Aten, a sun god, represented by a "sun disk" | ||
'''click EXPAND for details''' | '''click EXPAND for details''' | ||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | ||
** changed his name to " | ** in 5th year of rule, changed his name from Amenhotep IV to "Akhenaten" or "he who worships Aten" or "Living Spirit of Aten" | ||
* he defunded temples to Amun (or Amon), which was his principal target | |||
* priests and ruling classes did not accept his changes | * priests and ruling classes did not accept his changes | ||
* in response, he constructed a new capital on the East bank of the Nile, dedicated to Aten | * in response, he constructed a new capital on the East bank of the Nile, dedicated to Aten | ||
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* legacy | * legacy | ||
** Syria lost to Hittites during his reign | ** Syria lost to Hittites during his reign | ||
** later pharaohs and the Egyptian establishment erased | ** later pharaohs and the Egyptian establishment erased Akhenaten's legacy and his capital was abandoned | ||
** some scholars find a connection between | ** some scholars find a connection between Akhenaten's monotheism and Judaism, with Akhenaten a precedent to Hebrew monotheism | ||
** the story of Akhenaten demonstrates both the | ** the story of Akhenaten demonstrates both the extent and limits of power of the pharaohs | ||
* sources: | * sources: | ||
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_IV Amenhotep IV] (wikipedia) | ** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_IV Amenhotep IV] (wikipedia) | ||
** [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00mwsly Akhenaen] BBC | ** [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00mwsly Akhenaen] BBC | ||
** [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7209472.stm Grim Secrets of Pharaoh's City] -- describes dismal conditions of workers who | ** [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7209472.stm Grim Secrets of Pharaoh's City] -- describes dismal conditions of workers who built Akhenaten's city -- good article for students! | ||
** [http://www.famoushistoricalevents.net/belief-akhenaten/ Belief Of Akhenaten] | ** [http://www.famoushistoricalevents.net/belief-akhenaten/ Belief Of Akhenaten] | ||
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[[File:Nofretete Neues Museum.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Nefertiti bust, perhaps the most famous depiction of an ancient Egyptian ]] | |||
'''Nefertiti''' | |||
* wife & queen to Akhenaten | |||
** her name translates to ""The Beautiful Woman has Come" | |||
'''click EXPAND for details''' | |||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | |||
** some suggest she was also Akhenaten's sister, which is unlikely | |||
* title of Egyptian queen = "Great Royal Wife" | |||
* theories of her rule as pharaoh: | |||
** she may have ruled as co-regent with Akheneten the year before his death | |||
*** if so, it suggests that he knew he was dying, perhaps of a plague | |||
** a brief successor king to Akhenaten was named Neferneferuaten | |||
*** some believe this was Nefertiti | |||
**** thus naming her "Neferneferuaten Nefertiti" | |||
**** the suffix "aten" = same as "Akhen-aten", for the god "Aten" | |||
** there is little evidence for the succession of Akheneten | |||
*** much evidence of his rule was erased by his successors | |||
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