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AP US History vocabulary list: Difference between revisions
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=== Washington's presidency === | === Washington's presidency === | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:American System|based on ideas of Alexander Hamilton, promoted by Henry Clay and JQ Adams, general Whig policies of early to mid 18th century, including: tariff, land sales for revenue, National Bank, "internal improvements"}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:American System|based on ideas of Alexander Hamilton, promoted by Henry Clay and JQ Adams, general Whig policies of early to mid 18th century, including: tariff, land sales for revenue, National Bank, "internal improvements"; adherents to the American System were called Federalists or "National Republicans" and later became Whigs}}</ul></li> | ||
* Cabinet | * Cabinet | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Citizen Genet affair|French Ambassador Genet sparked outrage by his attempts to raise money and a miltia from US citizens to fight in France's war against Britain and Spain; Washington demanded his removal as ambassador}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:Citizen Genet affair|French Ambassador Genet sparked outrage by his attempts to raise money and a miltia from US citizens to fight in France's war against Britain and Spain; Washington demanded his removal as ambassador}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Democratic-Republican Party|following Jefferson's vision of a more decentralized national governance, his partisans organized the party to oppose Hamilton's centralization programs, especially the national bank, tariffs, and national debt; the party stood for agrarianism, free trade, individual liberty and states-rights}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Federalist party|following Alexander Hamilton's program of an active, strong federal government that exercised powers over the economy and in support of industry, especially through a national bank, a tariff, and investment in infrastructure}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:French Revolution|the 1789 French Revolution, in part inspired by the American Revolution, divided Americans politically between those who supported the French Revolution and those who, if not siding with the British necessarily, opposed the increasingly radical nature of the French Revolution}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:French Revolution|the 1789 French Revolution, in part inspired by the American Revolution, divided Americans politically between those who supported the French Revolution and those who, if not siding with the British necessarily, opposed the increasingly radical nature of the French Revolution}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:internal improvements|originating in Alexander Hamilton's ideas, of promotive national unity and economic activity via federal investment in roads and canals (paid w/ tariffs and land sales) with economic and industrial protection via tariffs; "internal improvements" was a central Whig party tenet into the 1820s}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:internal improvements| | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Jacobins|following the French Revolutionary movement, Americans who formed clubs to support the French Revolution called themselves the "Jacobins"; they called one another "citizen" and considered themselves heirs to American Revolutionary ideals }}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:Jacobins|following the French Revolutionary movement, Americans who formed clubs to support the French Revolution called themselves the "Jacobins"; they called one another "citizen" and considered themselves heirs to American Revolutionary ideals }}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Jay's Treaty|1794; settled dispute with British over the Canadian border and British military presence in the Northwest Territory and impressment of American sailors; among terms, the treaty encouraged American trade with Britain, to which | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:Jay's Treaty|1794; settled dispute with British over the Canadian border and British military presence in the Northwest Territory and impressment of American sailors; among terms, the treaty encouraged American trade with Britain, to which Jeffersonians objected (they preferred relations with France), as well as the absence of compensation from Britain for lost slaves during the Revolutionary War, which southerners had insisted upon}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Jeffersonians/ Jeffersonianism|adherents to Thomas Jefferson's vision of "American republicanism" based upon ; the philosophy was largely anti-commercialism (esp. banks, factories, merchants), anti-urban, and anti-( | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:Jeffersonians/ Jeffersonianism|adherents to Thomas Jefferson's vision of "American republicanism" based upon "simple," independent and self-sufficient white "yeoman" farmers; | ||
the philosophy was largely anti-commercialism (esp. banks, factories, merchants), anti-urban, and anti-elitism, and anti-federalist (i.e. against strong central government); Jeffersonianism supported universal white male suffrage (without a property requirement) and grass-roots democracy of independent farmers}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:political parties|as | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:National Bank|the First National Bank was chartered by Congress in 1791 (the Second came in 1816); the Bank's role was to manage a national currency and the national debt, establish credit, and facilitate financial transactions for economic growth; | ||
core to Hamilton's program}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:political parties|as ideological disputes arose between Hamilton (federalist) and Jefferson (anti-federalist) factions, supporters of each joined in what would become "political parties" -- or political organizations designed to influence and control the federal government; the Whiskey Rebellion and the growing divide between French and British supporters in the country fueled the political divisions and their eventual, formal organization; George Washington warned of the dangers of political parties in his Farewell Address}}</ul></li> | |||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Proclamation of Neutrality|1793; as England and France went to war, the United State attempted to maintain neutrality between them; the Proclamation asserted the right of American ships to bypass French and British blockades of each other's ports and to trade with either nation; the policy was hugely beneficial to American merchants who profited from the situation and whose shipbuilding and merchant marine industry grew enormously}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:Proclamation of Neutrality|1793; as England and France went to war, the United State attempted to maintain neutrality between them; the Proclamation asserted the right of American ships to bypass French and British blockades of each other's ports and to trade with either nation; the policy was hugely beneficial to American merchants who profited from the situation and whose shipbuilding and merchant marine industry grew enormously}}</ul></li> | ||
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Report on the Public Credit|in 1790-91, Hamilton issued three reports to Congress recommending laws and policies designed to reduce the War debts, grow the economy, and protect national industry; his 1790 "Report on the Public Credit" outlined the extent of US debt, held mostly by private Americans but also foreigners. Hamilton proposed that the federal government "assume" or buy this debt and establish a system for managing "public credit" and paying off the debts; the existing holders of the debt were set to profit enormously from the scheme; the new debt was to be paid off through duties and excise taxes; the proposals led to the first serious political split in the new country; a compromise was made in 1790 to settle the new Capitol, Washington, DC, in the South (between Maryland and Virginia) in exchange for southern support (northern states held more War debt) of Hamilton's plan to "assume" the debts}}</ul></li> | <ul><li>{{#tip-text:Report on the Public Credit|in 1790-91, Hamilton issued three reports to Congress recommending laws and policies designed to reduce the War debts, grow the economy, and protect national industry; his 1790 "Report on the Public Credit" outlined the extent of US debt, held mostly by private Americans but also foreigners. Hamilton proposed that the federal government "assume" or buy this debt and establish a system for managing "public credit" and paying off the debts; the existing holders of the debt were set to profit enormously from the scheme; the new debt was to be paid off through duties and excise taxes; the proposals led to the first serious political split in the new country; a compromise was made in 1790 to settle the new Capitol, Washington, DC, in the South (between Maryland and Virginia) in exchange for southern support (northern states held more War debt) of Hamilton's plan to "assume" the debts}}</ul></li> | ||