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* an apostrophe is a single hash mark that 1) creates contractions or 2) indicates possession | * an apostrophe is a single hash mark that 1) creates contractions or 2) indicates possession | ||
** contractions: cannot --> can't; they are --> they're; it is --> it's | ** contractions: cannot --> can't; they are --> they're; it is --> it's | ||
*** note: the SAT will never measure use the contraction 's with nouns other than "it" and "they" | |||
**** i.e., will not test use of the apostrophe such as "something's happening" for "something is happening" | |||
** possesion: | ** possesion: | ||
** <u>note</u>: | ** <u>note</u>: | ||
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**** ex. ''dog's bone'' | **** ex. ''dog's bone'' | ||
*** if a verb, preposition or adverb follow the possessive noun it is wrong | *** if a verb, preposition or adverb follow the possessive noun it is wrong | ||
**** note, hyphenated words do not use possessive form | |||
***** i.e., "the tradition is centuries-old" as opposed to the incorrect "century's old" or "centuries' old" | |||
*** an adjective may follow a possessive if that adjective is modifying the possessed noun | *** an adjective may follow a possessive if that adjective is modifying the possessed noun | ||
**** ex. ''dog's juicy bone'' | **** ex. ''dog's juicy bone'' | ||
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* note: use of an apostrophe to create a contraction with a noun and the verb, "to be" is informal and not measured on the SAT | * note: use of an apostrophe to create a contraction with a noun and the verb, "to be" is informal and not measured on the SAT | ||
**ex., "winning's good" for "winning is good" is informal | **ex., "winning's good" for "winning is good" is informal | ||
== Hyphen - == | |||
* a hypen does one thing: combine words | |||
** (a dash is used to combine or set aside sentence parts) | |||
* "hyphenated words" are words that are created by combining two distinct words with a hyphen | |||
** ex, ''friendly-looking, first-born, two-year-old, off-campus'' | |||
** the hyphenated word acts grammatically as a single word | |||
* the SAT generally does not measure use of hyphens | |||
= Punctuation and "restrictive elements" quick start guide = | = Punctuation and "restrictive elements" quick start guide = |