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SAT Digital Reading and Writing Test quick start guide: Difference between revisions
SAT Digital Reading and Writing Test quick start guide (view source)
Revision as of 21:59, 4 March 2024
, 4 March 2024→Conjunctions quick start guide
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***i.e., going from "Eight graders take Algebra. Ninth graders then have to take Geometry." | ***i.e., going from "Eight graders take Algebra. Ninth graders then have to take Geometry." | ||
****to "After taking Algebra in eighth grade, ninth graders take Geometry" | ****to "After taking Algebra in eighth grade, ninth graders take Geometry" | ||
==Conjunctions quick start guide== | |||
=== '''conjunctions''' === | |||
* combine words, phrases, and clauses | |||
==== '''coordinating conjunction''' (CC) ==== | |||
*combines ICs (FANBOYS) | |||
**''I was hungry, so I bought a burger'' | |||
*'''note''': the word '''however''' is NOT a coordinating conjunction ("FANBOYS" does not have an "H" !), | |||
**therefore it must be combined with another CC or a semicolon if combining two ICs | |||
**"however" is a "conjunctive adverb", or "transition word" | |||
==== '''subordinating conjunction''' (SC) ==== | |||
* = turns an IC into a DC by requiring additional ideas to complete the thought of the clause | |||
*ex. ''I was hungry, so I bought a burger'' = two IC w/ a CC | |||
*whereas, if we use the SC "'''since'''" | |||
**= ''Since I was hungry, I bought a burger'' | |||
** = DC, IC ("Since I was hungry is not a complete thought, therefore it is a DC, or subordinate clause) | |||
*'''requisite or necessary clause or phrase''' (Phr) | |||
**usually, when the SC follows the IC, there is not a comma | |||
**the subordinating conjunction becomes a relative conjunction | |||
***''We couldn't play '''when it rained''''' | |||
** just as SV or SVO are not separated by punctuation (because they are necessary or required of each other to make sense): | |||
***some clauses and phrases are requisite or necessary to complete a thought, which means they are not separated from the main clause by punctuation | |||
*** ex. ''I bought the shoes that were on sale'' << "that were on sale" is necessary to the idea that "I bought" particular shoes | |||
**see "Relative clause" below for more on essential and non-essential sentence elements | |||
== Transition Words quick start guide == | |||
* "Transition words" are "conjunctive adverbs" that compare or relate two or more ideas (predicates) either between or within a sentence. | |||
** called "conjunctive" because it joins or relates ideas (predicates) | |||
** called adverb because it modifies predicates (which have a verb as their basis) | |||
* Transition words generally create | |||
** positive transition (''thus, additionally, for example'') | |||
** negative transition (''but, nevertheless, alternatively''), | |||
** neutral or chronological transition (''next, meanwhile'') | |||
* Here for list of Transition word definitions: [[Transition words translations]] | |||
* Notes on transition words questions: | |||
** "however" is a transition word and not a coordinating conjunction (i.e. it does not combine ICs) | |||
** students should summarize the idea (predicate) of sentences or clauses on either side of the transition word | |||
*** and assess whether the second predicate (idea) supports, negates, or moves on from the first | |||
** always read several sentences before the transition word for context | |||
** if the transition word is in the middle of a sentence, it may be transitioning from the prior sentence | |||
*** to check, put the transition word at the beginning of the sentence, and see if it makes sense. | |||
*** ex. | |||
October 2022 QAS, Writing section, question 14: | |||
In the early twentieth century, the Dutch were cycling enthusiasts, not only riding but also manufacturing bicycles in large numbers. As personal income grew in the postwar boom years of the 1950s and 1960s, <underline>[in short]</underline>, car ownership rose sharply, and cars began to eclipse bikes in popularity. | |||
A) NO CHANGE | |||
B) in other words | |||
C) therefore | |||
D) however | |||
==Punctuation quick start guide== | ==Punctuation quick start guide== | ||
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* note: use of an apostrophe to create a contraction with a noun and the verb, "to be" is informal and not measured on the SAT | * note: use of an apostrophe to create a contraction with a noun and the verb, "to be" is informal and not measured on the SAT | ||
**ex., "winning's good" for "winning is good" is informal | **ex., "winning's good" for "winning is good" is informal | ||
== Prepositions / Prepositional Phrases quick start guide == | == Prepositions / Prepositional Phrases quick start guide == | ||