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SAT Digital Reading and Writing Test quick start guide: Difference between revisions

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SAT Digital Reading and Writing Test quick start guide (view source)

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== Clauses quick start guide ==
* a clause has a finite verb
** i.e. it consists of a subject + verb
=== independent clause ===
* has a finite verb
* makes a complete thought
** i.e., if by itself it would make a (simple) sentence
=== dependent clause ===
* has a finite verb
* does not make a complete thought
** i.e. by itself it would not make a sentence
* dependent clauses add information to an independent clause
* dependent clauses are formed by '''subordinating conjunctions''' or '''relative pronouns'''
==== Subordinate clause ====
* "subordinate" = "below" or "under"
* it is subordinate to the IC
* it is "subordinated" by a "subordinating conjunction":
{|
! colspan="4" |Subordinate clause (DC)
! colspan="2" |Independent clause (IC)
|-
|'''Since'''
|'''the snow'''
|'''fell'''
|'''all night'''
|'''school'''
|'''canceled'''
|-
|subordinating
conjunction
|''subject''
|''verb''
|''prepositional phrase''
|''subject''
''(relative pronoun)''
|''verb''
|-
| colspan="4" |The DC <u>could not be</u> a sentence by itself:
| colspan="2" |The IC <u>could be</u> a sentence by itself:
|-
| colspan="4" |'''''Since the snow fell all night.'''''
| colspan="2" |'''''School canceled.'''''
|}
==== Relative clause (also called "adjective clause") ====
* adds modifying information
* is a dependent clause
* introduced by the '''relative pronouns''' ''that, which, who, whose''
{|
! colspan="3" |Independent clause (IC)
! colspan="3" |Relative clause (DC)
|-
|'''The snow'''
|'''fell'''
|'''all night'''
|'''which'''
|'''meant'''
|'''no school!'''
|-
|''subject''
|''verb''
|''prepositional phrase''
|''subject''
''(relative pronoun)''
|''verb''
|''object''
|-
| colspan="3" |The IC could be a sentence by itself:
| colspan="3" |The DC could not be a sentence by itself:
|-
| colspan="3" |'''''The snow fell all night.'''''
| colspan="3" |'''''Which meant no school!'''''
|}
* Relative clauses may come in between a subject and its predicate
** the SAT frequently measures this sentence form:
*** in order to confuse students about subject-verb matching
*** in order to confuse students about punctuation
* ex.:
{|
|+'''''The study that increased the sample size showed promise.'''''
! colspan="6" style="text-align:center"|'''Independent Clause (IC)'''
|-
|''Subject''
|
|
|''Verb''
|
|''Object''
|-
|'''The study'''
|
|
|'''showed'''
|
|'''promise'''
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center"|'''Relative Clause (DC)'''
|-
|
|relative pronoun
|subject
|verb
|object phrase
|
|-
|
|'''that'''
|'''that'''
|'''increased'''
|'''the sample size'''
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
== Phrases quick start guide ==
* a phrase is two or more words that do not contain a finite verb
** i.e., any two words that are not a subject + verb
* phrases add information
* and build up ideas, provide context, information, qualify, etc.
** especially to add information to either a subject or predicate
{|
! colspan="2" |SUBJECT
! colspan="3" |PREDICATE
|-
!On Tuesdays
!my friend and I
!play
!competitive tennis
!at the local club
|-
|prepositional phrase
|subject phrase
|verb
|object phrase
|prepositional phrase
|}


== Verbs quick start guide ==
== Verbs quick start guide ==
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