4,995
edits
Ancient Egypt: Difference between revisions
m
no edit summary
mNo edit summary |
mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 1,694: | Line 1,694: | ||
** [[https://www.ancient.eu/article/997/ancient-egyptian-agriculture/ Ancient Egyptian Agriculture (Ancient History Encyclopedia)]] | ** [[https://www.ancient.eu/article/997/ancient-egyptian-agriculture/ Ancient Egyptian Agriculture (Ancient History Encyclopedia)]] | ||
* | |||
* | |||
==Culture and Cultural & Technological Achievements== | ==Culture and Cultural & Technological Achievements== | ||
| Line 1,730: | Line 1,722: | ||
>> see articles used in WH Fall2011 >> drinking wine etc. | >> see articles used in WH Fall2011 >> drinking wine etc. | ||
===Literature=== | |||
* Papyrus of Nes-min >> todo | |||
* [http://www.wisdomlib.org/egypt/book/the-book-of-am-tuat/index.html The Book of Am-Tuat: "That Which Is In the Afterworld"] | |||
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amduat Amduat "That which is in the afterworld"] wikipedia entry | |||
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_funerary_texts Egyptian funerary texts Wikipedia category list] | |||
* [http://egypt-grammar.rutgers.edu/Palermo%20Stone.pdf The Palermo Stone] (pdf file) | |||
** Old Kingdom kings list, shows Menes being conferred kingship by the god Horus; this text was used by Manetho | |||
** see also [http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/palermostone.html Palermo Stone] | |||
* [http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/abydoskl.html Abydos King List] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abydos_King_List Abydos King List] (wikipedia) | |||
=== Mathematics === | |||
* extensive, organized agricultural land use required that the ancient Egyptians develop practical geometry and other mathematical calculations | |||
* additionally, cultural and religious focus on tracking the the sun and stars required complex mathematical calculations | |||
* these mathematical skills were applied to Egyptian architecture, which was planned using precise mathematical measurements and calculations. | |||
* math types included | |||
** addition/ subtraction/ multiplication | |||
** fractions | |||
** geometry, esp. for calculating surface area and volume of 3-diminensial structures (architecture and engineering) | |||
** algebra, including quadratic equation | |||
** | |||
==== Numeric system ==== | |||
* surviving evidence shows Egyptians used base-10 numeric system | |||
* large dimensions, such as land or buildings, were measured in "cubits" | |||
* had a script to display fractions | |||
** including to use variables, such as 2/n, in unit fractions | |||
** see [[wikipedia:Rhind_Mathematical_Papyrus|Rhind Mathematical Papyrus - Wikipedia]] | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ | |||
!1 | |||
!10 | |||
!100 | |||
!1000 | |||
!1,000 | |||
!10,000 | |||
!1,000,000 | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
==== addition and subtraction ==== | |||
* like many early peoples, Egyptians recorded addition and subtracting using indicators of adding to or taking away numbers | |||
* | |||
===Gender equality=== | ===Gender equality=== | ||