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Clause (grammar): Difference between revisions
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=== dependent clause === | === dependent clause === | ||
* "Dependent Clause" (DC) is a sentence part that contains a subject and a verb but does not complete a thought | * "Dependent Clause" (DC) is a sentence part that contains a subject and a verb but does not complete a thought | ||
* also called "subordinate clause" | * also called "subordinate clause" (see below) | ||
* DC clauses are attached to an IC | |||
** DC clauses add information to ''but are not necessary for'' the IC to make sense | ** DC clauses add information to ''but are not necessary for'' the IC to make sense | ||
* Note: | * Note: a sentence part that does not contain both a noun and a verb is a phrase | ||
** yet non-IC sentence parts | ** yet some sources call non-IC sentence parts "dependent clauses" when they are actually "phrases" since they do not contain a subject + verb | ||
*types of DC: | |||
*#'''subordinate clause''': an IC that has been "subordinated" into a DC by a "subordinating conjunction" | |||
*#'''adverb or adverbial clause''': a subordinate clause that specifically modifies a verb, usually in terms of time, duration, extent, or condition (if) | |||
*# '''noun clause''': acts as a noun | |||
*# '''relative clause''': acts as an adjective to define a noun; can be restrictive or non-restrictive (see below) | |||
** | |||
Click EXPAND for examples of DC: | Click EXPAND for examples of DC: | ||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | ||
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=== subordinate clause === | === subordinate clause === | ||
* | * a clause that is formed by adding a ''subordinating conjunction'' | ||
** which "subordinates" or turns an IC clause into a dependent clause | |||
** | * some sources refer to all dependent clauses as "subordinate clauses" | ||
** in the sense that a subordinate clause is "subordinate" to an independent clause | |||
* | * here will refer to subordinate clauses as those that add additional and not required, or requisite, information to the main clause | ||
** | |||
* | |||
** in this sense, subordinate clauses are preceded by "subordinating conjunctions" (see below) | ** in this sense, subordinate clauses are preceded by "subordinating conjunctions" (see below) | ||
* note also that "adverb clauses" are subordinate clauses | |||
=== subordinating conjunction === | === subordinating conjunction === | ||
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*** "Since I love baseball, I watch it every chance I get." | *** "Since I love baseball, I watch it every chance I get." | ||
=== relative clause === | === relative or "adjective" clause === | ||
* = a dependent clause that contains a subject-verb, but provides additional information and is not a complete sentence of thought by itself | * = a dependent clause that contains a subject-verb, but provides additional information and is not a complete sentence of thought by itself | ||
* the "subject" of the clause is a pronoun (thus "relative," as pronouns relate to a noun) | * the "subject" of the clause is a pronoun (thus "relative," as pronouns relate to a noun) | ||
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*** "Sue, who is always late, showed up on time." | *** "Sue, who is always late, showed up on time." | ||
*** "The PG-13 movie scared me, which was surprising." | *** "The PG-13 movie scared me, which was surprising." | ||
* restrictive relative clauses can be replaced by an adjective: | |||
** ''The thing '''that scares me about horror movies''' is the suspense'' | |||
*** (relative clause '''in bold''') | |||
** is equivalent to | |||
*** ''The '''scary''' thing about horror movies is the suspense'' | |||
**** (adjective '''in bold''') | |||
** the choice to use the restrictive relative clause or an adjective depends upon the extent the writer wishes to emphasize the action (verb) in the relative clause | |||
* Sources: | * Sources: | ||
** [https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/relative-clauses/ Relative Clauses (unc.edu)] | ** [https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/relative-clauses/ Relative Clauses (unc.edu)] | ||
** [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/grammar/clauses | ** [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/grammar/clauses Grammar: Relative, Restrictive, and Nonrestrictive Clauses (walenu.edu)] | ||
** [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/using-that-and-which-is-all-about-restrictive-and-non-restrictive-clauses/ Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses—What’s the Difference?(grammarly.com)] | ** [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/using-that-and-which-is-all-about-restrictive-and-non-restrictive-clauses/ Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses—What’s the Difference?(grammarly.com)] | ||
** [https://thewordcounter.com/blog-comma-before-which/ Comma before which (thewordcounter.com)] | ** [https://thewordcounter.com/blog-comma-before-which/ Comma before which (thewordcounter.com)] | ||