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* Gunpowder empires created stable economies and administrative states | * Gunpowder empires created stable economies and administrative states | ||
* engaged in cultural patronage (cosmopolitan) | * engaged in cultural patronage (cosmopolitan) | ||
|[[File:Islamic Gunpowder Empires.jpg| | |[[File:Islamic Gunpowder Empires.jpg|left|300px|Islamic Gunpowder Empires]] | ||
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| 1450s-1480s | | 1450s-1480s |