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* '''periods''' separate sentences | * '''periods''' separate sentences | ||
* periods do '''ONE''' thing = | * periods do '''ONE''' thing = | ||
# separate grammatically correct and complete thoughts that are distinct sentences | |||
click EXPAND to see what PERIODS do & how to eliminate using the rule: | click EXPAND to see what PERIODS do & how to eliminate using the rule: | ||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | ||
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click EXPAND to see what COMMAS do & how to eliminate using the rule/s: | click EXPAND to see what COMMAS do & how to eliminate using the rule/s: | ||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | ||
# combine IC , DC, or DC, IC | |||
* or IC, phrase or phrase, IC | |||
# combine ICs | |||
** ''with a coordinating conjunction'', i.e., IC, and IC | ** ''with a coordinating conjunction'', i.e., IC, and IC | ||
# separate lists (subjects, verbs, objects) | |||
* ex.: S, S and S V, V O, O and O | * ex.: S, S and S V, V O, O and O | ||
# act parenthetically | |||
* ", .... ," ( like these parentheses ) | * ", .... ," ( like these parentheses ) | ||
# introduce a direct quotation | |||
* ex. "The judge declared, "Guilty!" | * ex. "The judge declared, "Guilty!" | ||
* elimination: | * elimination: | ||
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* distinguish additional information following an IC, usually a list, explanation, or example to clarify or extend the idea presented in the IC | * distinguish additional information following an IC, usually a list, explanation, or example to clarify or extend the idea presented in the IC | ||
* colons = do '''ONE''' thing: | * colons = do '''ONE''' thing: | ||
# extend or provide examples in support of a prior IC | |||
* i.e., colons follow a complete statement with an extended idea or example/s | * i.e., colons follow a complete statement with an extended idea or example/s | ||
* and that may include setting up a direct quotation, such as | * and that may include setting up a direct quotation, such as | ||
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click EXPAND to see what COLONS do & how to eliminate using the rule/s: | click EXPAND to see what COLONS do & how to eliminate using the rule/s: | ||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | ||
# extend or provide examples following an IC | |||
* what follows the colon can be in any grammatical form (IC, DC, phrase) | * what follows the colon can be in any grammatical form (IC, DC, phrase) | ||
** but it is usually a list or an example | ** but it is usually a list or an example | ||
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* separate ideas within a sentence, either parenthetically or like a colon | * separate ideas within a sentence, either parenthetically or like a colon | ||
* dashes do '''TWO''' things: | * dashes do '''TWO''' things: | ||
# act like a colon | |||
# act like parentheses (...) = -...- | |||
click EXPAND to see what DASHES do & how to eliminate using the rule/s: | click EXPAND to see what DASHES do & how to eliminate using the rule/s: | ||
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | ||
# act like a colon | |||
# act like parentheses (...) = -...- | |||
* elimination: | * elimination: | ||
** if there is NOT another dash in the sentence, then the dash is NOT acting parenthetically (...) | ** if there is NOT another dash in the sentence, then the dash is NOT acting parenthetically (...) |