4,620
edits
US History concept chart major concepts & themes across US History: Difference between revisions
US History concept chart major concepts & themes across US History (view source)
Revision as of 14:41, 2 June 2021
, 2 June 2021→Founding documents & political philosophies
| Line 307: | Line 307: | ||
* 508-411 effective democracy in Athens | * 508-411 effective democracy in Athens | ||
** 375 BC Plato criticizes democracy in "The Republic"<br><br> | ** 375 BC Plato criticizes democracy in "The Republic"<br><br> | ||
* 509 BC Roman Republic established<br><br> | * 509 BC Roman Republic established after expelling the Roman king<br><br> | ||
* 27 BC official end of Roman Republic | * 27 BC official end of Roman Republic | ||
** as Senate grants extraordinary powers to Caesar Augustus, establishing the Roman empire<br><br> | ** as Senate grants extraordinary powers to Caesar Augustus, establishing the Roman empire<br><br> | ||
| Line 332: | Line 332: | ||
*** populism = | *** populism = | ||
*** demagoguery = appeal to the fears of citizens | *** demagoguery = appeal to the fears of citizens | ||
* American Founders distrusted pure democracy | * American Founders distrusted pure democracy<br><br> | ||
<big>'''Republic'''</big> | <big>'''Republic'''</big> | ||
| Line 341: | Line 340: | ||
* historical meaning: | * historical meaning: | ||
** anti-monarchical | ** anti-monarchical | ||
** | ** less susceptible than democracy to populism, demagoguery and factionalism | ||
** stability and flexibility<br><br> | |||
<big>'''Natural Law'''</big> | <big>'''Natural Law'''</big> | ||
| Line 385: | Line 384: | ||
** church rights, protection against illegal imprisonment, limiting ''feudal payments'' (required of local rulers to the central monarch) | ** church rights, protection against illegal imprisonment, limiting ''feudal payments'' (required of local rulers to the central monarch) | ||
* significant statement of individual rights & protections and limited government | * significant statement of individual rights & protections and limited government | ||
* by limiting the power of the monarchy, it significantly challenged divine | * by limiting the power of the monarchy, it significantly challenged divine rule and powers | ||
==== Bill of Rights, 1689 ==== | ==== Bill of Rights, 1689 ==== | ||
| Line 403: | Line 402: | ||
==== Common law ==== | ==== Common law ==== | ||
* in the English legal system, the law is from an accumulation of prior cases ("precedent") and based upon commonly agreed rules | |||
** especially as concerns contracts, property, and civil disputes | |||
** the British consider the common law a form of a constitution (set of fundamental rules) | |||
=== Enlightenment ideas === | === Enlightenment ideas === | ||
* Machiavelli | * Machiavelli | ||
| Line 416: | Line 417: | ||
=== Declaration of Independence === | === Declaration of Independence === | ||
* affirmation of Locke | * affirmation of Locke and natural law | ||
* affirmed rule by consent of the governed | |||
* affirms self-governance | * affirms self-governance | ||
* anti-monarchy/ divine rule: | * anti-monarchy/ divine rule: | ||
** "all men are created equal" = negates concept of divine rule | ** "all men are created equal" = negates concept of divine rule | ||
| Line 449: | Line 450: | ||
=== Constitution === | === Constitution === | ||
* forms the structure of the federal government | * forms or organizes the '''structure''' of the federal government | ||
* | ** legislative, executive & judicial branches, plus the relationship between the federal and state governments and between the states themselves | ||
* Bill of Rights | ** most importantly, the constitution creates checks and balances between the branches | ||
* first ten amendments are called the "Bill of Rights" | |||
* Constitutional principles | * Constitutional principles | ||
* judicial review | * judicial review | ||
* change over time in Constitutional interpretations | * change over time in Constitutional interpretations | ||
* to consider: | |||
** ''what does "to form a more perfect union" mean?'' | |||
** ''what is the intersection of politics and the Constitution''? | |||
=== Bill of Rights === | === Bill of Rights === | ||
| Line 499: | Line 504: | ||
=== Democratic spirit === | === Democratic spirit === | ||
* the idea that the people may rule themselves is radical in the 18th century | * the idea that the people may rule themselves is radical in the 18th century | ||
** | * origins of the "democratic spirit" in | ||
* economic opportunity | |||
* "frontier" and immigrant experiences of seeking a new life that one can control | |||
* political organizations of small towns, especially in mid-Atlantic and New England | |||
* protestant religions: | |||
** especially puritanism and Calvinism, which held that individuals may have a personal relationship with God, and not through priests | |||
*** as was the Catholic and Church of England | *** as was the Catholic and Church of England | ||
*** John Calvin preached that congregations should choose their own clery = a form of self-governance, democracy | *** John Calvin preached that congregations should choose their own clery = a form of self-governance, democracy | ||
** | ** personal relationship to the Bible spurred spread of literacy, education, and dissent | ||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||