US History timeline & concept chart: 10th-16th centuries pre-colonial Native Americans to early North American colonization (Spanish, French, Dutch): Difference between revisions

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== section heading ==
== section heading ==
{| class="wikitable"  
{| class="wikitable"  
|+ '''Pre-Columbian & post-Columbian overview'''
|+ '''Title'''
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
| '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
*  
*  
|| '''BIG IDEAS'''
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
*  
*  
| cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
| cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
'''BIG IDEAS'''
*  
*  
'''DETAILS'''
*
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|}
|}
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| '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
| '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
* Pre-Columbian: before 1492
* Pre-Columbian: before 1492
|| '''BIG IDEAS'''
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
* Native American linguistic and cultural areas
* Native American linguistic and cultural areas
* Tribal alliances
* Tribal alliances
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| '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
| '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''
* 1492 Columbus lands in Americas
* 1492 Columbus lands in Americas
|| '''BIG IDEAS'''
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
* Background:
* '''BACKGROUND''':
** Collapse of Byzantium, 1453 (Christian) to Ottomans (Muslim)
** Collapse of Byzantium, 1453 (Christian) to Ottomans (Muslim)
** Italian merchants cut off from previous trade networks
** Italian merchants cut off from previous trade networks
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** primary motive = direct access to South and East Asian markets
** primary motive = direct access to South and East Asian markets
| cell style="width:60%" |'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
| cell style="width:60%" |'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
'''BIG IDEAS'''
* European motives in trade and religion
* Columbian Exchange impacts
'''DETAILS'''
* * Christopher Columbus was convinced he could reach China and India via a westward trajectory across the Atlantic Ocean
* * Christopher Columbus was convinced he could reach China and India via a westward trajectory across the Atlantic Ocean
* Spain finally agreed to sponsor Columbus only after the Portuguese discovered a viable route to India circumnavigating Africa
* Spain finally agreed to sponsor Columbus only after the Portuguese discovered a viable route to India circumnavigating Africa
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** English Civil War, 1642–1651
** English Civil War, 1642–1651
** see also  Thirty Years' War, 1618–1648
** see also  Thirty Years' War, 1618–1648
|| '''BIG IDEAS'''
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
* Martin Luther & Protestant Reformation
* Martin Luther & Protestant Reformation
* Religious conflict & persecution as push factor on migration to colonial America
* Religious conflict & persecution as push factor on migration to colonial America
| cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
| cell style="width:60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
'''BIG IDEAS'''
* Protestant Reformation propels European nationalism  
* Protestant Reformation propels European nationalism  
* Henry VIII’s break from Catholic Church ensures English-Spanish competition / wars
* Henry VIII’s break from Catholic Church ensures English-Spanish competition / wars
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* 1680 Pueblo Revolt
* 1680 Pueblo Revolt


|| '''BIG IDEAS'''
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
* '''Encomienda''': labor / land for conquistadors  
* '''Encomienda''': labor / land for conquistadors  
** = abusive of Indians
** = abusive of Indians
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* Spanish abuses & reforms after native revolts & priestly criticism
* Spanish abuses & reforms after native revolts & priestly criticism
* Development of slave trade
* Development of slave trade
 
'''DETAILS'''
* '''Encomienda''', 1490s-1542
* '''Encomienda''', 1490s-1542
** from Spanish ''encomendar'' “to entrust”
** from Spanish ''encomendar'' “to entrust”
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* 1639: Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
* 1639: Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
* 1642: House of Burgesses
* 1642: House of Burgesses
|| '''Events, Concepts, Themes'''
|| '''Major Events, Concepts & Themes'''
* Joint Stock Company: shared ownership for commercial venture; used by England for 1st colonies
* Joint Stock Company: shared ownership for commercial venture; used by England for 1st colonies
* Virginia Company: to establish colonies & find gold (didn’t)
* Virginia Company: to establish colonies & find gold (didn’t)
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* John Winthrop: Mass Bay Colony leader, called it “city upon a hill”; insisted on church rules
* John Winthrop: Mass Bay Colony leader, called it “city upon a hill”; insisted on church rules
* “A Model of Christian Charity”: Winthrop sermon declaring Christian mission of the colony
* “A Model of Christian Charity”: Winthrop sermon declaring Christian mission of the colony
| style="width: 60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
| style="width: 60%"|'''Notes & connections: details of issues, concepts, themes & events'''
'''BIG IDEAS'''
* Corporate structure & charters of British colonial enterprises
* British settlements & interactions/ conflicts with Native Americans
* Religious movements & motivations
* Concept of self-governance expressed/ experienced:
** House of Burgessses
** John Winthrop
** Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
* Push/Pull factors for British settlement in North America
{| class="wikitable"
| '''Push factors'''
* religious persecution
* primogeniture (1st born inherits)
|| '''Pull factors'''
* religious freedom
* economic opportunity
|-
|}
'''DETAILS'''
* '''Joint-stock company'''
* '''Joint-stock company'''
** = artificial entity to limit liability and distribute profits/losses across multiple ownership via “stocks” or portions of the enterprise
** = artificial entity to limit liability and distribute profits/losses across multiple ownership via “stocks” or portions of the enterprise
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