Social Studies skills: Difference between revisions

adding / cleaning economics section
(adding / cleaning economics section)
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===Isolation===
===Isolation===
* details
* details
===Movement===
===Movement===
* geographic barriers to movement =  
* geographic barriers to movement =  
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** cultures, technologies, [[disease]], religions, identities,  
** cultures, technologies, [[disease]], religions, identities,  
* through Trade, Migration & Warfare
* through Trade, Migration & Warfare
* See also: [[Movement]]


=== Geography & Cultural Diffusion ===
=== Geography & Cultural Diffusion ===
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** radio / TV
** radio / TV
**  
**  
* See [[Human Geography]]
* See also
** [[Human Geography]]
** [[Movement]]


=== Cultural Diffusion as Historical Agent ===  
=== Cultural Diffusion as Historical Agent ===  
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== Distribution of Power ==
== Distribution of Power ==
==Open v. Closed Societies==
==Open v. Closed Societies==


>> todo: bring in Mancur Olson and Theory of Groups >> see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mancur_Olson wiki entry Mancur Olson] about how interests tend to coalesce over time and focus on protection of gains, stifling innovation... organizations become "congealed" (from("How Phil Falcone Was LightSnared" WSJ, Homlan W. Jenkins, Jr. 2/18/2012") and resist competition and protect the status quo
>> todo: bring in Mancur Olson and Theory of Groups >> see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mancur_Olson wiki entry Mancur Olson] about how interests tend to coalesce over time and focus on protection of gains, stifling innovation... organizations become "congealed" (from("How Phil Falcone Was LightSnared" WSJ, Homlan W. Jenkins, Jr. 2/18/2012") and resist competition and protect the status quo


==Order v. Chaos==
==Order v. Chaos==
== Certainty v. Uncertainty ==
== Certainty v. Uncertainty ==
=== Ritual ===
=== Ritual ===
* to bring certainty to uncertain events
* to bring certainty to uncertain events
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** Xerxes punishes the Hellesepont for disobeying him
** Xerxes punishes the Hellesepont for disobeying him
*** after a storm wrecked his boat-bridge across the Hellesponte, Xerxes ordered soldiers to whip its surface in punishment for insubordination
*** after a storm wrecked his boat-bridge across the Hellesponte, Xerxes ordered soldiers to whip its surface in punishment for insubordination


== risk v. reward ==
== risk v. reward ==
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** From Discourses on Livy, CHAPTER XVI
** From Discourses on Livy, CHAPTER XVI
*** select expand to see quotation
*** select expand to see quotation
== Economics ==


=== Comparative Advantage===
=== Comparative Advantage===
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*** see New Yorker article on subject  Dec/ 2010 >> to confirm
*** see New Yorker article on subject  Dec/ 2010 >> to confirm


=== Other useful Economics terms and concepts ===
* Tragedy of the Commons
* Externalities
* Scarcity v. Surplus
* [[Tragedy of the Commons]]
* Regression to the Mean (return to the mean)
* Diminishing Returns
* Pareto Principle
* * 80/20 rule


=== Return to the Mean ===
=== Diminishing Returns ===
=== Pareto Principle ===
* 80/20 rule


== Logic ==
== Logic ==
=== necessary and sufficient conditions ===
=== necessary and sufficient conditions ===
* necessary conditions
* necessary conditions
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* “Never assume malice when incompetence will do”
* “Never assume malice when incompetence will do”
**from wiki: A similar quotation appears in Robert A. Heinlein's 1941 short story "Logic of Empire" ("You have attributed conditions to villainy that simply result from stupidity"); this was noticed in 1996 (five years before Bigler identified the Robert J. Hanlon citation) and first referenced in version 4.0.0 of the Jargon File,[3] with speculation that Hanlon's Razor might be a corruption of "Heinlein's Razor". "Heinlein's Razor" has since been defined as variations on Never attribute to malice that which can be adequately explained by stupidity, but don't rule out malice.[4] Yet another similar epigram ("Never ascribe to malice that which is adequately explained by incompetence") has been widely attributed to Napoleon Bonaparte.[5] Another similar quote appears in Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774): "...misunderstandings and neglect create more confusion in this world than trickery and malice. At any rate, the last two are certainly much less frequent."
**from wiki: A similar quotation appears in Robert A. Heinlein's 1941 short story "Logic of Empire" ("You have attributed conditions to villainy that simply result from stupidity"); this was noticed in 1996 (five years before Bigler identified the Robert J. Hanlon citation) and first referenced in version 4.0.0 of the Jargon File,[3] with speculation that Hanlon's Razor might be a corruption of "Heinlein's Razor". "Heinlein's Razor" has since been defined as variations on Never attribute to malice that which can be adequately explained by stupidity, but don't rule out malice.[4] Yet another similar epigram ("Never ascribe to malice that which is adequately explained by incompetence") has been widely attributed to Napoleon Bonaparte.[5] Another similar quote appears in Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774): "...misunderstandings and neglect create more confusion in this world than trickery and malice. At any rate, the last two are certainly much less frequent."
=== Regression to the mean ===


=== Confirmation bias ===
=== Confirmation bias ===
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==Standards/ Standardization==
==Standards/ Standardization==


=== Money ==
=== Money ===
notes to do:
notes to do: