Catechism of the Catholic Church: Difference between revisions

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abbreviated as '''CCC'''
Links:
* [https://scborromeo2.org/catechism-of-the-catholic-church '''Catechism of the Catholic Church'''] (html)
* [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/ '''Catechism of the Catholic Church'''] (online reader lipbook)
== Vocabulary ==
* '''amen'''
** from CCC 2856 "Then, after the prayer is over you say 'Amen,' which means 'So be it,' thus ratifying with our 'Amen' what is contained in the prayer that God has taught us."
* '''''anagogue'''''
** Greek for "leading"
* '''apocryphia'''
** religious texts of unknown or dubious origin
** are not included in the Holy scripture
* '''apologia / apologetics'''
** in defense or justification of faith
*** an "'''''apologist'''''" defends the faith
** from Greek ''apologos'' for "an account" or "speech in defense of oneself"
*** '''PIE''' ''*apo-'' "off, away" + '''''logos''''' "speech" or "word"
**** see below for "'''word'''"
** ''apologos'' indicates "reasoned defense," or "thought out"
* '''canon'''
** "a list"
** thus the list of "books" of the Bible
** from Greek ''kanon'' for "straight rod" and "standard of excellence"
** also: '''canonical'''
*** included in the "Canon", ie, accepted sacred texts
** there are 27 Books in the New Testament
** Old Testament:
*** Catholic Bible: Septuagint ("Greek Bible"): 46 books
*** Protestant Bible: Tanokh  ("Hebrew Bible"): 39 books
**** the Jews of the 2nd and 3rd centuries used only the Tonakh books
**** the "Deuterocanonical" books (Hebrew scriptures) were excluded by Martin Luther in 1500s
**** the Deuterocanonical books were affirmed by the Catholic Church starting with the Synod of Hippo in 393
* '''catechism'''
** "instruction in Christian principles"
** from Latin ''catechismus'' for "book of instruction"
*** from Greek katekhismos
**** which is from ''katekhizein'' "to teacher oraly, instruct by word of mouth" which is from Greek ''katekhein'' "to resound"
*** thus "catechism" maintains an element of joyful echoes from ''katekhein'' "to resound"
* '''catacomb'''
** "Sepulchral vaults" = underground burial tombs
** from Latin ''cata tumbas'' "among the graves"
*** ''cata'' = among + ''comb'' = graves or tombs
**** derived from Latin ''cumbere'' "to lie:
** unrelated to "catechism"
* '''communion'''
** generally, coming together in worship
** specifically, "'''Holy Communion'''" for "partaking in the sacrament of the Eucharist"
*** from ''com'' for "with, together" + ''unus'' for "oneness, union"
*'''confess'''
**''con'' = wtih + ''fess'' from Latin fateri = "to admit"
***from PIE '''*bha-''' "to speak, tell, say"
***Latin ''confiteri'' = "to acknowledge"
*'''consecrate'''
**"consecrated elements, such as the bread and wine in the Eucharist
**''con'' = with
*'''creed'''
**from Latin ''credo'' for "I believe"
**creeds = professions of faith
***there are different creeds from ancient Churches, councils and Papal symbols
**the baptismal profession of faith is given "in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit" (CCC189)
**and thus has three parts:
**#"the divine Person and the wonderful work of creation"
**#"the second divine Person and the mystery of his redemption of men"
**#"the third divine Person, the origin and source of our sanctification" from CCC 187-191
**the Creed" from the Nicene Creed
*'''dome'''
**from Genesis, what is above the waters, i.e. "heaven"
**in NKJV called "firmament"
*doxology
**''doxo'' ("glory, praise") + ''logy'' (spoken word)
***''doxo'' from PIE '''*dek-''' "to take, accept"
**liturgical praise of God
**as in "concluding doxology" at the end of the Eucharistic Prayer
*'''deuterocanonical books'''
**
**Martin Luther excluded the books of Hebrews, James, Jude and Revelation from his canon (list of divine scripture)
***because he claimed these books contradicted ''sola gratia'' (salvation by grace alone) and ''sola fide'' (justification by faith alone)
****Protestant doctrines of justification and salvation are called the "five ''solae''"
*'''economy'''
**from Greek ''oikonomia'' for "household management"
***''oikonomos'' = manager, steward
**so in Church, "economy" refers to "the works by which God reveals himself"
***as opposed to "theology", which is the mystery of God's inmost life withing the Blessed Trinity"
**therefore, "theologia illuminates ''oikonomia"''
***from CCC 236
*'''episcopate'''
*'''Epistle'''
**letters
*'''Eucharist'''
**sacrament of the Last Supper
***from Latin ''eucharistia'' and Greek ''eukharistia'' for "thanksgiving, gratitude"
***eu = Greek for "good or well " + ''kharis'' "favor, grace"
****thus includes a sense of "thankfulness", "to be thankful"
***'''E''ukharistia''''' = "the Lord's Supper"
* '''"fullness of the mystery"'''
* '''historicism'''
** the idea that ideas and cultures of a certain period are tied to that time period and are disconnected from any larger connections across history
** historicism denies eternal truths
** see JPII p. 50
* '''holocaust'''
** burnt offerings
** from Greek ''holo'' (whole) + ''kaustus'' "burned whole" or ''holokaustun'' "a thing wholly burnt"
*** from PIE *sol- "whole, well-kept" +
*'''Incarnation'''
*'''Genesis'''
**origin, birth, creation of the world
***from PIE '''*gene''' for "to give birth, to beget"
* '''hermeneutics'''
** theory, interpretation and study of biblical texts
** << to expand\
* '''INRI'''
** abbreviation for = '''''Iesus Nazarenus, Rex Iudaeorum'''''
*** Latin for "Jesus the Nazorean, the King of the Jews."
**** the Latin alphabet does not have the letter "J", which was expressed by the vowel "I"
*** from John 9:19-23:
<pre>
Pilate also had an inscription written and put on the cross. It read, “Jesus the Nazorean, the King of the Jews.” Now many of the Jews read this inscription, because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city; and it was written in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek. So the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, “Do not write ‘The King of the Jews,’ but that he said, 'I am the King of the Jews.'” Pilate answered, “What I have written, I have written."
</pre>
* '''invention'''
** "finding or discovery"
** from Latin ''invenire'', "to come upon, find out, discover"
*** ''in'' = "in, on" + ''venir'' = "to come"
**** PIE root '''*gwa for''' "to go, to come"
** thus an "invention" is not something created by man, it is something discovered or found out by man
** God creates the world; mankind "invents" or "discovers" it
** used for the original "Invention of the Cross", which was the discovery of the three crosses from the biblical crucifixion (see [[wikipedia:Helena_of_Constantinople|Saint Helena]], mother of Satin Constantine ("Constantine the Great")
* justification
** the process by which sinners may become righteous in the sight of Gd
** justification comes through the sacraments
** righteousness means being "infused" or "poured" upon by God's grace
* '''lay''' (adj)  / '''laity''' (n)
** not clerical, or "of the people", as in "''the'' ''lay people"'' or ''"the laity''
*** from Latin ''laicus'' and Greek ''laikos'' "of the people,"; both from ''laos'' for folk, the people, the crowd; a tribe
** also indicates common people as distinguished from "experts"
* '''liturgical'''
** texts read in worship
* '''liturgy'''
** "the service (mass) of the Holy Eucharist"
** or the conduct (form, presentation) of divine services
** from Latin ''liturgia'' for "public service, public worship" and Greek ''leitourgia'' for "a liturgy; public duty, ministry,"
*** related to ''leitourgos'' for "one who performs a public ceremony or service
**** as opposed to ''leito-'' "public" (from ''laos'' "the people")
** '''liturgical''' = "of or related to divine mass"
** '''liturgical calendar''' = the calendar that guides Catholic masses over a year
* '''Mass'''
** "eucharistic service" or "celebration of the Eucharist
** per ''Novus Ordo,'' Mass = "the Lord's Supper", an assembly of people for memorial celebration of the Lord
*** from Matthew 18:20:  ''where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them''
**** note that prior to Vatican II the real presence of Jesus was directly affirmed (''transubstantiation'')
** Old English mæsse and Middle English ''messe'' or ''masse\''
*** the meaning is likely derived from the "dismissal" at the end of the service
*** as it is related to Latin ''mittere'' for "to let go, send" as in on a mission
* '''''Novus Ordo'''''
** known as "Vatican II" or "Second Vatican"
* '''orthodox v. heterodox'''
** orthodox:
** heterodox
*** the orthodox canonical New Testament books were affirmed by '''Irenaeus''' in 177 AD
**** his criteria was that the canon be of
****# the Gospels
****# teachings and writings by later companions of the Apostles (such as Luke, Jude, James)
****# early Church traditions as handed down from the Gospels
****#* Irenaeus attested to the authorship of the Gospels, especially John and Luke as companion of Paul
* '''Paschal Mystery'''
* philosophy
** = truth discerned through reason
** from Greek for "love of wisdom"
* '''profess'''
* '''ransom'''
** = a fee paid for the release of someone or something
** see Timothy1, 2: 5
** Jesus paid the "ransom" for man's sins
* '''rosary'''
**a series or "garden" of prayers w/ beads to guide their recitation (saying of the prayers)
**related to Latin ''hortulus animae'' for "prayerbook"
***which means "little garden of the soul"
*'''revelation'''
*'''sacrament'''
**makes real what is symbolic
*'''sacred'''
*'''salvific'''
**as in "salvific character of God's Revelation" ([https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_14091998_fides-et-ratio.html JPII])
*'''Septuagint'''
**the earliest existing Greek translation of the Old Testament
**the Apostles and early Christians used this version of the Hebrew Bible and incorporated it completely into the Old Testament
***including the "Deuterocanonical" books, most of which are in the Catholic and not Protestant bible.
*'''theology'''
**study of God's word (scripture) and of Church doctrine (beliefs)
**from Greek "theologia"
***''theos'' = God +  ''logia'' for "word, utterance, sayings"
***origin in PIE *'''dhes-''' = any religious reference, likley from PIE '''*dhe-''' for "to set, to put"
****thus what is set, what is put by God
*'''transubstantiation'''
**the change ("trans") of the bread and wine into the "substance" of Christ
**"Sacramental Eucharistic Presence" = Christ's actual or "absolute" presence in the sacrament of the Eucharist
*'''Trinity'''
**the mystery of God in three Persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit
*'''Triune God'''
*'''Word, "the Word"'''
**''Dei Verbum'' from Second Vatican Council = "Word of God"
**see John 1: << to do
**in Greek, '''''logos''''' from PIE '''*log-o-''', "to collect, gather," (from '''*leg-''') as in "to pick out words,"  thus "speech"
***'''''logos''''' also means "reason" (as in "logic")
== Catechism translations ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Chapter One: Man's Capacity for God
|-
| style="width: 50%; " cell | '''37 In the historical conditions in which he finds himself, however, man experiences many difficulties in coming to know God by the light of reason alone:'''
Though human reason is, strictly speaking, truly capable by its own natural power and light of attaining to a true and certain knowledge of the one personal God, who watches over and controls the world by his providence, and of the natural law written in our hearts by the Creator; yet there are many obstacles which prevent reason from the effective and fruitful use of this inborn faculty. For the truths that concern the relations between God and man wholly transcend the visible order of things, and, if they are translated into human action and influence it, they call for self-surrender and abnegation. The human mind, in its turn, is hampered in the attaining of such truths, not only by the impact of the senses and the imagination, but also by disordered appetites which are the consequences of original sin. So it happens that men in such matters easily persuade themselves that what they would not like to be true is false or at least doubtful.
- Pius XII, ''Humani Generis'', 561: DS 3875
|<u>Overview</u>:
* Made in the image of God, man is capable of understanding God's knowledge as relates to mankind, but...
** God's knowledge is shielded from man by man's incomplete perception of it
** and, worse, it is further misguided by sin.
* As a result, men deny, deflect, or ignore God's wisdom
** by hiding behind their own ignorance
** which they use to justify their denial of God's knowledge.
* Man can only perceive God's knowledge by surrendering and rejecting his own limited perceptions
<u>Translation</u>:
* God's relation with man can be understood by reason
* Yet man's reason has obstacles to that understanding
*Man's reason ("the human mind") cannot easily attain "such truths"
**because the relation between God and man goes beyond what can be observed ("visible order of things")
**as it is "impacted" (hampered) by senses (what man imperfectly perceives) and imagination (what man imagines or dreams of)
*to begin to perceive God's truths (that go beyond what can be seen by man), man must "transcend" or get beyond what is seen in "human action"
**"self-surrender and abnegation" (renouncing man's conceit) are required
*worse, man's perceptions are "disordered" (negatively impacted by) "appetites" (desires) that "are the consequences of original sin."
*so when man false short of pure reason (incorrect perception, sin, etc.)
**he convinces ("easily persuade") himself that what he doesn't want to be true (God's word) is not true, or "doubtful" (likely not true)
**i.e. = he fools himself
<u>Other notes</u>
* the visible and invisible = parts of revelation
* we can reason God but we cannot know the Trinity without Jesus
* God reveals himself through visible creation
|-
|'''52''' God, who "dwells in unapproachable light", wants to communicate his own divine life to the men he freely created, in order to adopt them as his sons in his only-begotten Son.<sup>3</sup> By revealing himself God wishes to make them capable of responding to him, and of knowing him and of loving him far beyond their own natural capacity.
|
* "unapproachable light" = God told Moses not to come closer
* God speaks to humans in their own terms, as they cannot fully understand God ("beyond their natural ability")
* therefore, God "reveals himself" in ways beyond their "natural capacity"
|-
|'''67''' Throughout the ages, there have been so-called "private" revelations, some of which have been recognized by the authority of the Church. They do not belong, however, to the deposit of faith. It is not their role to 84 improve or complete Christ's definitive Revelation, but to help live more fully by it in a certain period of history. Guided by the magisterium of the Church, the ''sensus fidelium'' knows how to discern and welcome in these revelations whatever constitutes an authentic call of Christ or his saints to the Church.
|
|-
|75 "Christ the Lord, in whom the entire Revelation of the most high God is summed up, commanded the apostles to preach the Gospel, which had been promised beforehand by the prophets, and which he fulfilled in his own person and promulgated with his own lips. In preaching the Gospel, they were to communicate the gifts of God to all men. This Gospel was to be the source of all 1 71 saving truth and moral discipline."
(DV 7; cf. Mt 28:19-20; Mk 16:15)
|
|-
|'''The Magisterium of the Church'''
'''85''' "The task of giving an authentic interpretation of the Word of God, whether in its written form or in the form of Tradition, has been entrusted to the living, teaching office of the Church alone. Its authority in this matter is exercised in the name of Jesus 888-892 Christ." (DV 10§ 2)  This means that the task of interpretation has been entrusted to the bishops in communion with the successor of Peter, the Bishop of Rome.
'''86''' "Yet this Magisterium is not superior to the Word of God, but is its servant. It teaches only what has been handed on to it. At the divine command and with the help of the Holy Spirit, it listens to this devotedly, guards it with dedication, and expounds it faithfully. All that it proposes for belief as being divinely revealed is drawn from this single deposit of faith." (DV 10 § 2) Mindful of Christ's words to his apostles: "He who hears you, hears me," (49 Lk 10:16; cf. LG 20) the faithful receive with docility the teachings and directives that their pastors give them in different forms.
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|}
== Rite of Christian Initiation for Adults ==
* abbreviated as "RCIA"
* = lessons on Catholicism and process of full conversion for adults
=== Vocabulary of RCIA ===
adopted from Cathedral of St. Thomas Moore, 2022-23
* '''candidate'''
** a baptized person preparing for full communion in the Catholic Church, through the sacraments of First Holy Communion and Confirmation
*'''catechesis'''
**the teaching of Christian doctrine in an organized and systematic way to help form people as disciples of Jesus Christ.
*'''catechists'''
**Those who perform the ministry of catechesis (CCC 5, 426-427)
*'''catechumen'''
**a person who is preparing for Baptism, Confirmation and First Holy Communion (CCCC 1248)
*'''catechumenate'''
**religious instruction and formation in preparation for Christian Initiation
**its aim is to bring conversion and faith to maturity within the parish community
*'''conversion'''
**a radical reorientation of the whole life away from sin and evil, and toward God (CCC 1423, 1427, 1431)
*'''faith'''
**personal adherence of man to God
**also and inseparably, ''a free assent to to the whole truth that God has revealed'' (CCC 150)
**faith is a personal act
***= the free response of the human person to the initiative of God who reveals himself (CCC 166)
*'''Godparent'''
** the sponsor of one who is baptized
*** who assumes a responsibility to assist the newly baptized, child or adult, on the journey of the Christian life (CCC 1255)
*'''mystagogy'''
**a deeper reflection on the mysteries of the Catholic faith;
**the period of religious instruction and formation following immediately after the reception of the sacraments of initiation by adults (CCC 1075)
*'''Trinity'''
**the mystery of one God in three Persons:
***Father
***Son
***Holy Spirit
**the revealed truth of the Holy Trinity is at the very root of the Church's living faith as expressed in the Creed (CCC 232, 237, 249, 253-256)




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