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Ancient Egypt: Difference between revisions
→Upper and Lower Egypt
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==Upper and Lower Egypt== | ==Upper and Lower Egypt history== | ||
'''summary'''. | |||
* traditionally Egypt is divided into two regions, as identified according to '''upstream''' (heading South) or '''downstream'''(heading North) along the Nile | * traditionally Egypt is divided into two regions, as identified according to '''upstream''' (heading South) or '''downstream'''(heading North) along the Nile | ||
** within these regions are "nomes," or autonomous local districts (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nome_(Egypt)nomes] (wikipedia) | ** within these regions are "nomes," or autonomous local districts (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nome_(Egypt)nomes] (wikipedia) | ||
** the nomes struggled for control and gradually unified to form Upper and Lower Egypt | ** the nomes struggled for control and gradually unified to form Upper and Lower Egypt | ||
** the origins of Egyptian culture, religion, and traditions came together during this formative period | ** the origins of Egyptian culture, religion, and traditions came together during this formative period | ||
=== Upper Egypt=== | |||
* = upstream, i.e. to the <u>South</u> | |||
* = from [[cataracts]] to the entrance to the [[Nile Delta]] | |||
* Upper Egypt is narrow with smaller flood plain | |||
* Upper Egypt is more easily unified, and hard to conquer | |||
* originally divided into 22 nomes (districts) | |||
* original capital was Hierakonpolis ("Nekhen," Narmer's capital | |||
* later Thebes = central city of Upper Egypt | |||
===Lower Egypt=== | |||
* = downstream, i.e. to the <u>North</u> | |||
* = the Delta region | |||
* = with Nile spreading out across large Delta, hard to control | |||
* extremely fertile land with huge farm production | |||
** originally divided into 22 nomes (districts) | ** originally divided into 22 nomes (districts) | ||
=== unification of Upper and Lower Egypt=== | |||
* the Pharaohs represented their rule of all Egypt by combining symbols for Upper ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedjet White Crown or "Hedjet"]) and Lower egypt ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deshret Red Crown or "deshret"]) into the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pschent "Double Crown" or "Pschent"] | |||
** for more see also the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmer_Palette "Narmer Palette"] which depicts Narmer's (also Menes?) unification of Upper and Lower Egypt approx. 3100 BC. The palette is one of the earliest artifacts with [[hieroglyphic]] writing | ** for more see also the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmer_Palette "Narmer Palette"] which depicts Narmer's (also Menes?) unification of Upper and Lower Egypt approx. 3100 BC. The palette is one of the earliest artifacts with [[hieroglyphic]] writing | ||
** see Menes & Narmer below | ** see Menes & Narmer below | ||
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** extensive irrigation, begun around 4,000 BC now becomes centralized and complex | ** extensive irrigation, begun around 4,000 BC now becomes centralized and complex | ||
** trade also motivated unification, which required agreement and standardization | ** trade also motivated unification, which required agreement and standardization | ||
=== standardization in and of Egypt=== | |||
* trade = common weights, measures, and rules, and brings more discourse along the Nile | |||
* religion standardized with greater unification | |||
** different gods combined to be a single god with Egyptian unity | |||
** power of the priests asserted with claim to control the flooding of the Nile and standardization of gods, temples, etc. | |||
* see this article [http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/hierakonpolis.htm Nekhen, Greek Hierakonpolis for good study of the pre-pharonic city of Nekhen] | * see this article [http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/hierakonpolis.htm Nekhen, Greek Hierakonpolis for good study of the pre-pharonic city of Nekhen] | ||
* sources: | * sources: | ||
** [http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Nile_Delta Nile Delta] | ** [http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Nile_Delta Nile Delta] | ||
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nile_Delta Nile Delta wikipedia] | ** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nile_Delta Nile Delta wikipedia] | ||
</div> | |||
== Menes, Narmer & 1st Unification of Egypt == | == Menes, Narmer & 1st Unification of Egypt == | ||