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AP US History – Presidents Timeline w/ Events & Themes
AP US History – Presidents Timeline w/ Events & Themes


== Washington administration ==
here for [[US Presidents simple timeline]] (under construction)
 
== Early Republic: Washington's presidencies ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|Election year
|Election year
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|1788-89
|1788-89
|1789
|1789
|'''George Washington'''
|
=== George Washington ===
* establishing executive branch & defining its powers
* establishing executive branch & defining its powers
* national unity
* national unity
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|1792
|1792
|1793
|1793
|'''George Washington'''
|
=== George Washington ===
* treaties with Britain & Spain to consolidate US territory
* treaties with Britain & Spain to consolidate US territory


* exercising federal power to put down Whiskey Rebeliion  
* exercising federal power to put down Whiskey Rebeliion
* Farwell Address
* Farwell Address
* Two-term precedent
* Two-term precedent
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** with war between England and France, the U.S. was pressured by each side not to trade with or support the other
** with war between England and France, the U.S. was pressured by each side not to trade with or support the other
** Washington issued is Neutrality Proclamation in order to uphold the U.S. position of not favoring either side and to maintain trade with both
** Washington issued is Neutrality Proclamation in order to uphold the U.S. position of not favoring either side and to maintain trade with both
** the position was unteneble, becuase Britan and France both objected to US trade / support for the other, and actively blocked, attacked, or seized U.S. vessels  
** the position was unteneble, becuase Britan and France both objected to US trade / support for the other, and actively blocked, attacked, or seized U.S. vessels


* "Citizen Genet" (1793) affair
* "Citizen Genet" (1793) affair
** French diplomat who tried to raise money & arms for French war w/ Britain
** French diplomat who tried to raise money & arms for French war w/ Britain
** marked division between Americans who  
** marked division between Americans who


* Whiskey Rebellion (1794)
* Whiskey Rebellion (1794)
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** causes:
** causes:
*** British occupied forts in U.S. Northwest Territory and along Canadian border
*** British occupied forts in U.S. Northwest Territory and along Canadian border
*** US reneged on paymenbt  
*** US reneged on paymenbt
** Britain agreed to leave U.S. Territory  
** Britain agreed to leave U.S. Territory
** US agreed to pay some war debts
** US agreed to pay some war debts
** established "arbitration" as a means of settling disputes
** established "arbitration" as a means of settling disputes
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** Jeffersonians hated its trade preferences w/ Britain
** Jeffersonians hated its trade preferences w/ Britain
** southerners felt betrayed by Jay for not pursuing compensation for losses of slaves during the Revoluationary War
** southerners felt betrayed by Jay for not pursuing compensation for losses of slaves during the Revoluationary War
** 1796: House of Reps demanded White House documents from the treaty,  
** 1796: House of Reps demanded White House documents from the treaty,
** Washington refused,
** Washington refused,
***  = establishing "executive privilege"
***  = establishing "executive privilege"
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|1796
|1796
|1797
|1797
|'''John Adams'''
|
=== John Adams ===
* political divisions
* political divisions
* Alien & Sedition Acts
* Alien & Sedition Acts
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|1800
|1800
|1801
|1801
|Jefferson
|
|*Revolution of 1800
=== Thomas Jefferson ===
 
* Revolution of 1800
* Louisiana Purchase
|Revolution of 1800


* 1st transition of power from one faction to another w/o violence
* 1st transition of power from one faction to another w/o violence
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Louisiana Purchase (1802)
Louisiana Purchase (1802)


* Monroe sent to France (which acquired Louisana from the Spanish)
* Monroe sent to France (which acquired Louisiana from the Spanish)


* French no longer needed New Orleans bc of Haitian rebellion
* French no longer needed New Orleans bc of Haitian rebellion
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* Essex Junto w/ Aaron Burr plotted secession, anti-Jefferson
* Essex Junto w/ Aaron Burr plotted secession, anti-Jefferson
Marbury Madison (1803)
* Supreme Court asserts principal of Judicial Review
Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806)
* main goal to find passage to Pacific Ocean
* mapped Louisiana Purchase
* scientifically documented encounters and discoveries
|-
|-
|1804
|1804
|1805
|1805
|'''Thomas Jefferson'''
|
|*British-French conflict:
=== Thomas Jefferson ===
 
* Embargo Act of 1807
|British-French conflict (Napoleonic Wars):


* 1805 blockades start by Fr & Brit
* 1805 blockades start by France & Britain


* Brit start impressment of US sailors
* British impressment of US sailors


* Embargo Act of 1807: US response to blockades, shut down trade
* Embargo Act of 1807:  
** US response to blockades, shut down trade
** reduced US foreign trade
*** was deeply opposed by New England merchants who turned to smuggling and change in overseas trade networks
** but led to increase in US industrial production, especially in cotton mills


* New England economy collapse
* New England economy collapse
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|1816
|1816
|1817
|1817
|'''James Monroe'''
|
=== James Monroe ===
* Era of Good Feelngs
* Era of Good Feelngs
|Era of Good Feelings
|Era of Good Feelings
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|1820
|1820
|1821
|1821
|'''James Monroe'''
|
=== James Monroe ===
* Monroe Doctrine
* Monroe Doctrine
* Missouri Compromise of 1820
* Missouri Compromise of 1820
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|1824
|1824
|1825
|1825
|John Quincy Adams
|
=== John Quincy Adams ===
* disputed election
 
* politicization & political
|Election of 1824:
|Election of 1824:


* most states now allow selection fo E.C. electors by vote of the people
* most states now allow selection fo E.C. electors by vote of the people
 
* demise of caucus system = selection of electors by party leaders
** demise of caucus system = selection of electors by party leaders


* disputed election 0f 1824
* disputed election 0f 1824
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* Tariff of 1828
* Tariff of 1828
** later called "Tariff of Abominations"
** later called "Tariff of Abominations"
** 50% tariff
** 50% tariff


nullification movement starts
* nullification movement starts
 
** promoted by Senator John C Calhoun re. the tariff
** promoted by Senator John C Calhoun re. the tariff
|-
|-
|1828
|1828
|1829
|1829
|Jackson
|
=== Andrew Jackson ===
|*1st president not born in Virginia or named Adams
|*1st president not born in Virginia or named Adams


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|1832
|1832
|1833
|1833
|Jackson
|
=== Andrew Jackson ===
|Indian affairs:
|Indian affairs:


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* Jackson ignored the court order “Mr. Marshall has made his ruling. Now let him enforce it.”
* Jackson ignored the court order “Mr. Marshall has made his ruling. Now let him enforce it.”


* Trail of Tears, 1835-38 (under Van Buren)
* Trail of Tears, 1835-38 (under Van Buren)
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* Tariff of 1832
* Tariff of 1832
** South Carolina nullified the law
** South Carolina nullified the law
** Congress considered a "Force Bill" to send troops to enforce the tariff
** Congress considered a "Force Bill" to send troops to enforce the tariff
** compromise reached by Clay & Calhoun, lowered tariff rates
** compromise reached by Clay & Calhoun, lowered tariff rates
* "Specie Circular"
** demanded "hard cash", or "specie" for government land sales instead of promissory notes or paper money (bank drafts, promises to pay, etc.)
** the government recognized an ongoing land speculation bubble and used the order to suppress it, but ended up causing a financial panic
|-
|-
|1836
|1836
|1837
|1837
|Van Buren
|
=== Martin Van Buren ===
|Van Buren continued Jackson economic policies, anti-national bank
|Van Buren continued Jackson economic policies, anti-national bank


* Panic of 1837 caused by
* Panic of 1837 caused by
** financial, land and commodities speculation bubble
** currency shortage
** "Specie Circular" which ended land sales by Fed Gov on credit, now demanded "hard cash"


* currency shortage
* Panic of 1837, which had started before he became President,  made Van Buren unpopular
 
** he did little to address the Panic
* "Specie Circular" which ended land sales by Fed Gov on credit, now demanded "hard cash"
** and was accused of inaction by opponents
 
** on the other hand, his deregulation policies (unwinding the National Bank, etc.) eventually led to the recovery from the Panic
* Panic of 1837, made Van Buren unpopular
|-
|-
|1840
|1840
|1841-1841
|1841-1841
|William Henry Harrison
|
=== William Henry Harrison ===
 
* died shortly after inauguration
|elected 1840 as a Whig
|elected 1840 as a Whig


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* became governor of Indiana territory in 1801
* became governor of Indiana territory in 1801


* 1st Whig President
* 1st Whig President


* died of pneumonia
* died of pneumonia after giving an excessively long inaugural address that outlined his and Whig party policies
|-
|-
|
|
|1841
|1841
|John Tyler assumes office
|
=== John Tyler ===
 
* assumes office after death of the Whig Harrison
* governed mostly as a Democrat
|John Tyler = former Democrat, assumed office as Whig (VP to Harrison)
|John Tyler = former Democrat, assumed office as Whig (VP to Harrison)


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* proposed Annexation of Texas
* proposed Annexation of Texas


* stuanch "states rights" and pro-slavery proponent
* staunch "states rights" and pro-slavery proponent


* as a Whig, Tyler's presidency stimied Henry Clay's presidential ambitions
* as a Whig, Tyler's presidency stimied Henry Clay's presidential ambitions
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|1844
|1844
|1845
|1845
|James K. Polk
|
=== James K. Polk ===
 
* Mexican-American War
|* defeated Henry Clay in presidential election  
|* defeated Henry Clay in presidential election  


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* Whigs: anti-war
* Whigs: anti-war
** Lincoln promoted "Spot" resolutions to ridicule Polk (show the “spot” where American blood had been shed) < didn’t go anywhere
** Lincoln promoted "Spot" resolutions to ridicule Polk (show the “spot” where American blood had been shed) < didn’t go anywhere


* Wilmot Proviso, 1846
* Wilmot Proviso, 1846
** proposed all that no territory taken from Mexico could have slavery
** did not pass the House


 * no territory taken from Mexico could have slavery
* Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago, 1848 ended the war  
 
** Mexican Cession: AZ, NM, CA, NV, UT
* Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago, 1848 ended war
** these were areas not suitable for cotton slavery
 
* Mexican Cession: AZ, NM, CA, NV, UT
 
** areas not suitable for cotton slavery


* Effect on Slavery issue:
* Effect on Slavery issue:
** “popular sovereignty”: pushed by Southerners to allow slavery into new territories < let the residents of territories decide
** “popular sovereignty”: pushed by Southerners to allow slavery into new territories  
**renders Compromise of 1820 untenable
** let the residents of territories decide
**renders Compromise of 1820 untenable (obsolete)
|-
|-
|1848
|1848
|1847-1850
|1847-1850
|Zachary Taylor
|
=== Zachary Taylor ===
|from Virginia, not a politician, recruited by the Whigs to run for president given his fame as military hero from Mexican-American War
|from Virginia, not a politician, recruited by the Whigs to run for president given his fame as military hero from Mexican-American War


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|
|
|1850
|1850
|Millard Fillmore assumes office
|
=== Millard Fillmore ===
 
* assumes office after death of Taylor
* signs various Compromise of 1850 legislation
|Whig from upstate New York  
|Whig from upstate New York  


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|1852
|1852
|1853
|1853
|Franklin Pierce
|
|*pro-Southern northerner Democrat
=== Franklin Pierce ===
 
* pro-slavery northerner
|pro-Southern northerner Democrat


* ineffectual vs. sectional conflict
* ineffectual vs. sectional conflict


* issued “Ostend Manifesto”
* issued “Ostend Manifesto"
 
** that called for annexation of Cuba with European support
* called for annexation of Cuba with European support
** goal was to expand U.S. slavery
 
** northerners outraged
 * goal was to expand U.S. slavery
 
* northerners outraged
|-
|-
|1856
|1856
|1857
|1857
|James S. Buchanan
|
|*pro-Southern, northern Democrat
=== James S. Buchanan ===
 
* oversaw rise of Civil War
|pro-Southern, northern Democrat


* had been diplomat service so was not tainted by Compromise of 1850
* had been diplomat service so was not tainted by Compromise of 1850
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* accepts the civil war as inevitable
* accepts the civil war as inevitable
* did send reinforcements to Ft. Sumter which affirmed federal claims on forts and territories


 * does nothing to stop it, especially after Lincoln’s election (Nov. 1860) up to leaving office in March, 1861
 * does little to stop it, especially after Lincoln’s election (Nov. 1860) up to leaving office in March, 1861
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|James "Jimmy" Carter
|James "Jimmy" Carter
|
|
* oil crisis
* "malaise"
* deregulation (starts near end of term)
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|
|
* inflation fighting
* inflation fighting
* escalation of Cold War
** B-2 Bomber
** MX Missile system
** SDI ("Star Wars")
* "Reagan Doctrine"
** support anti-communist movements
** via direct and covert aid
** ex. Nicaragua , El Salvador, Afghanistan
* military spending
* military spending
* lower taxes
* lower taxes
* deregulation
|-
|-
|1984
|1984
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|Ronald Reagan
|Ronald Reagan
|
|
* Star Wars, START II
* Mikhail Gorbachev
** ''perestroika, glasnot''
** outspending the Russians
* Berlin speech: "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!"
*Reykjavík Summit
 
* Iran-Contra Affair
|-
|-
|1988
|1988
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*
*
[[Category:AP World History]]
[[Category:US History]]
[[Category:US History]]
[[Category:AP US History]]
[[Category:US History timelines & concept charts]]
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