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Prefix definitions: Difference between revisions
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* assimilation | * assimilation | ||
** the "harmonizing" of sounds to make their articulation (speaking of) more efficient and pleasant | |||
** thus we have ''important'' and ''intentional'', even though ''im-'' and ''in-'' mean the same thing -- their use is guided by the way our mouths form the sounds | |||
*** see [[Euphony]] | |||
* cognate | * cognate | ||
** = related sounds that yield shifts in pronunciation, generally between languages that have a common origin | ** = related sounds that yield shifts in pronunciation, generally between languages that have a common origin | ||
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* because of the way letter sounds are formed by the mouth (physically) | * because of the way letter sounds are formed by the mouth (physically) | ||
** some letters more naturally precede others | ** some letters more naturally precede others | ||
** this process is called "assimilation" or "linguistic economy" | |||
** see [[Euphony]] | |||
* examples: | * examples: | ||
** "'''m'''" starts with closed lips, then open lips ("mmmah" sound) | ** "'''m'''" starts with closed lips, then open lips ("mmmah" sound) | ||
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==== ab- ==== | ==== ab- ==== | ||
* ''away, away from, from, from off, down'' | * ''away, away from, from, from off, down'' | ||
* can also mean ''into, towards'' | |||
** PIE '''*apo-''' off, away | ** PIE '''*apo-''' off, away | ||
*** ''abstract'' | *** ''abstract'' | ||
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** analogy | ** analogy | ||
*** log -y "through or separate words or logic" (that mean the same thing) | *** log -y "through or separate words or logic" (that mean the same thing) | ||
==== apo- ==== | |||
* of (as in from), from, away from, separate, free of | |||
** PIE root '''*apo-''' "off, away" | |||
** in these definitions synonymous with '''''ab-''''', '''''aft-''''', '''awk-''' '''''ex-''''' and '''''of-''''' | |||
** examples: | |||
*** after, aperitif, apocalypse, apocryphal, apology, apoplexy, apostle, apostrophe, apothecary; apotheosis; awkward; ebb; eftsoons; of; off; offal; overt. | |||
**** ex. ''apostle'' = "one sent out from" | |||
==== bi- ==== | ==== bi- ==== | ||
* two, double, twice, every other | |||
** from PIE '''*dwo-''' "two" | |||
** | |||
==== co-, com- & con- ==== | ==== co-, com- & con- ==== | ||
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* ''myriad'' (many, uncountable) | * ''myriad'' (many, uncountable) | ||
==== ob-, of- ==== | |||
* from Latin ''ob'' for "in the direction of, with regard to" | |||
* from PIE '''*epi-''' or '''*opi-''' for "near, against, across" | |||
* examples: | |||
** epicenter, ephemera, epidemic, epidermis, epigraph | |||
** obese, obey, obfuscate, obituary, object, oblate, oblique, oblivion, oblong, | |||
** also | |||
*** bishop = '''*epi''' + '''*spek-''' ("to observe") = "one who watches over" | |||
*** cover = '''*epi-''' + '''*wer-''' (shut, wrapped) | |||
* '''''of-''''' in this sense of: | |||
** offend = ''ob-'' (against) + ''fendere'' (strike) | |||
** | |||
==== of-, off- ==== | |||
* see '''''apo-''''' (away, from, off) | |||
* from PIE '''*apo-''' for "off, away" | |||
==== of-, op- ==== | ==== of-, op- ==== | ||
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* examples | * examples | ||
** official | ** official | ||
'''op-''' | |||
* ''operate, optimist, opulent, opus'' | * ''operate, optimist, opulent, opus'' | ||
* also used with '''''c-''''' or '''''co-''''', as in | * also used with '''''c-''''' or '''''co-''''', as in | ||
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| infra- || below, beneath || infrared | | infra- || below, beneath || infrared | ||
|- | |- | ||
| inter- | | inter-|| among, between || intercede, internet, international | ||
|- | |- | ||
| intra-<ref name="inter-intra"/> || inside, within || intravenous | | intra-<ref name="inter-intra"/> || inside, within || intravenous | ||