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** few = negative, I don't know much | ** few = negative, I don't know much | ||
** a few = positive, I know some things | ** a few = positive, I know some things | ||
== finite and non-finite verb == | |||
the difference between a ''finite'' and a ''non-finite'' verb is: | |||
* finite verbs have subjects | |||
** in other words, they are "finite," as in "limited to" a subject | |||
*** and thus must match the subject | |||
* non-finite verbs do not have subjects | |||
** in other words, they are not bound or limited to a subject | |||
** as such, they do not mark the action (predicate) of an actor (subject) | |||
** instead, they indicate an action or existence but as a noun or adjective and not as a direct subject-verb combination | |||
* non-finite forms include: | |||
** present participle adjective (-ing) | |||
** present participle noun, or "gerund" (-ing) | |||
** past participle adjective (-ed) | |||
** infinitive ("to" forms of verbs, such as "to do") | |||
== like and as == | == like and as == | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
! | !Who: | ||
Subjective Case | |||
(subject-verb in bold) | (subject-verb in bold) | ||
!Objective Case | !Whom: | ||
Objective Case | |||
(recipient of an action) | (recipient of an action) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''Who is''' on first? | |'''Who is''' on first? | ||
| | |You refer to '''whom'''? | ||
<small>(whom is the object of preposition "to")</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
|I don't know '''who is''' going | |I don't know '''who is''' going | ||
| | |Under '''whom''' do you work? | ||
<small>(whom is the object of preposition "under")</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |Give it to someone '''who needs''' it most | ||
|Give it to '''whom'''? | |||
| | <small>(whom is the object of preposition "to")</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |The man '''who said''' yes is nice | ||
| | |He's the man '''whom''' I apologized to. | ||
<small>(whom is the object of preposition "to")</small> | |||
|} | |} | ||
* general rule to use to distinguish between "who" and "whom" | |||
** replace the who/whom with "he/she" or "him/her" | |||
*** and if the he/she works, then it is correct to use "who" | |||
*** if the "him/her" works, then it is correct to use "whom" | |||
** ex. | |||
*** Who/whom said it is fun? | |||
**** '''''She''' said it is fun'' < correct | |||
**** '''''Her''' said it is fun'' < wrong | |||
**** so it is "'''Who''' said it is fun?" | |||
*** I know who/whom to avoid | |||
**** I know '''she''' to avoid | |||
***** (= ''I know to avoid '''she)''' << wrong'' | |||
**** I know '''her''' to avoid | |||
***** ''(= I know to avoid her'') << correct | |||
**** so it is "I know '''whom''' to avoid" | |||
== your and yours == | == your and yours == | ||