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List of "difference between" certain words and grammatical forms and rules
List of "difference between" certain words and grammatical forms and rules
page to do:
* lie v. lay
* please v. may
* can v. may
[[category:Grammar]]
[[category:Grammar]]


=== difference between like and as ===
== affect and effect ==
the difference between ''affect'' and ''effect''
* in general,
** ''affect'' = a verb
** ''effect'' = a noun
* however, both words can be either a verb or a noun
** affect
*** verb =
**** to impact or cause
**** to have emotionally impact
**** to pretend or fake
*** noun =
**** a psychological impact or result of a psychological condition
***** as in "''patient affects of the condition are serious''"
**** the word "affectation" comes from the "affect" as a noun
** effect
*** noun =  
**** a result of, an outcome from
**** an impression of
**** materials gathered or to be used
***** as in "''the hunter's effects included his rifle, a sleeping bag, and a mess kit''"
**** the essence of, virtually, caused to be
***** "''Their coordinated play was in effect all it took to win"''
*** verb = to make happen
**** as in ''"The change in policies effected a new attitude''"
 
== although and though ==
the difference between ''although'' and ''though''
>> to do
* see: [https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/although-or-though Although or though ? - Grammar - Cambridge Dictionary]


* as =  
== assume and presume ==
** to a degree: ''high as a kite''
the difference between ''assume'' and ''presume''
** comparison: ''one'' ''as big as the other''
* assume and presume both mean "to count on" or "to suppose"
** having or being the person or type: ''working as a cashier, as your friend...''
* the difference between them is
** simultaneously: ''walking as he texted''
** '''assume''' = to count on something known will continue to be so in the future; also a logical deduction based on something known
** since, the reason for: ''The test is over as we ran out of time''
** '''presume''' = to count on something without any proof of it, or without investigating into it; also a logical or probably guess
** even, though: ''Nice as he seems, he's really a jerk''
* see: [https://askanydifference.com/difference-between-assume-and-presume/#:~:text=Comparison%20Table%20Between%20Assume%20and%20Presume%20%20,a%20situatio%20...%20%201%20more%20rows%20 askanydifference.com]
* like =
 
** to like, enjoy, admire (verb): ''I like candy''
== auxiliary verb and modal verb ==
** similar to, in the same way: ''working like a madman, a car like yours''
the difference between ''auxiliary verb'' and ''modal verb''
** taking on the characteristics of (adverb): ''acting like a child''
* auxiliary verbs = "helper verbs"
** for example: ''it's a place'' ''like home''
** i.e., they assist or "help" another verb in order to indicate that verb's tense, voice or mood
* examples of the difference between as and like:
*** I am going tomorrow
**''He flew '''like''' a bird'' v. ''He flew '''as''' a bird''
**** "am" = auxiliary verb to indicate present continuous tense of "to go" (going)
** ''She lives '''like''' a millionaire'' v. ''She lives '''as''' millionaires do''
*** Joanna had thought about it
** ''That car is '''as''' fast as a Ferrari but rides '''like''' a bus''
**** "had" = auxiliary verb to indicate past perfect tense of "to think" (thought)
* see : [https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-like-and-as.html#:~:text=The%20difference%20between%20like%20and%20as%20is%20presented,used%20to%20refer%20to%20%E2%80%98in%20the%20same%20manner%E2%80%99 Difference Between Like and As]
* modal verbs = indicate "modality", or possibility, ability, permission, duty, correctness or obligation
** I can go tomorrow
*** "can" = modal verb to indicate possibility of the infinitive "to go" (go)
** Joanna should think about it
*** "should" = modal verb to indicate correctness of the infinitive verb "to think" (think)
*note that
**auxiliary verbs change according to inflection (conjugation)
***''I am going''
***''you are going''
**modal verbs do not change according to inflection (conjugation)
***''I should go''
***''You should go''
* see: https://pediaa.com/difference-between-modal-and-auxiliary-verbs
 
== but and however ==
the difference between ''but'' and ''however'':
* both words create a contrast
** ''but'' creates a contrast <u>and</u> combines two sentences
** ''however'' creates a contrast between <u>ideas</u> (created by a verb), not <u>sentence parts</u>
* but = coordinating conjunction
** it combines independent clauses (with a comma)
** (but can also be a preposition, but that's not for this entry)
* however = conjunctive adverb
** it is an adverb because it modifies a predicate (verb + additional info)
** it compares clauses, sentences or ideas
*** in this sense, however is synonymous with "nevertheless"
 
== censure and censor / censorship ==
the difference between ''censure'' and ''censor/censorship''
* '''censure''' = severe disapproval or rejection
* '''censor''' = an official who examines material to be published in order to "censor" or remove/suppress offensive content
* '''censorship''' = the act of official '''censoring''' of a publication or other form of speech
 
=="comma splice and "run-on sentence"
the difference between "''comma splice''" and "''run-on sentence''"
* comma splice =
** independent clauses combined by a comma and without a coordinating conjunction (i.e., "I ate, I slept" v. "I ate, and I slept")
* run-on sentence =
** independent clauses combined without any punctuation (i.e., "I ate I slept" v. "I ate, and I slept")
** note that "then" is an adverb, so "I ate, then I slept" is technically incorrect
*** correct: "I ate, and then I slept" or "I ate then slept"


=== difference between few & a few ===
== few & "a few" ==
the difference between ''few'' & ''a few''
* ''few''  
* ''few''  
** a determiner (adjective) indicating a small amount or quantity
** a determiner (adjective) indicating a small amount or quantity
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** a few = positive, I know  some things
** a few = positive, I know  some things


=== difference between assume and presume ===
== finite and non-finite verb ==
the difference between a ''finite'' and a ''non-finite'' verb is:


* assume and presume both mean "to count on" or "to suppose"
* finite verbs have subjects
* the difference between them is
** in other words, they are "finite," as in "limited to" a subject
** '''assume''' = to count on something known will continue to be so in the future; also a logical deduction based on something known
*** and thus must match the subject
** '''presume''' = to count on something without any proof of it, or without investigating into it; also a logical or probably guess
* non-finite verbs do not have subjects
* see: [https://askanydifference.com/difference-between-assume-and-presume/#:~:text=Comparison%20Table%20Between%20Assume%20and%20Presume%20%20,a%20situatio%20...%20%201%20more%20rows%20 askanydifference.com]
** in other words, they are not bound or limited to a subject
** as such, they do not mark the action (predicate) of an actor (subject)
** instead, they indicate an action or existence but as a noun or adjective and not as a direct subject-verb combination
* non-finite forms include:
** present participle adjective (-ing)
** present participle noun, or "gerund" (-ing)
** past participle adjective (-ed)
** infinitive ("to" forms of verbs, such as "to do")


=== difference between auxiliary verb and modal verb ===
== like and as ==
 
the difference between ''like'' and ''as'':
* see: https://pediaa.com/difference-between-modal-and-auxiliary-verbs
* as = conjunction
** to a degree: ''high as a kite''
** comparison: ''one'' ''as big as the other''
** having or being the person or type: ''working as a cashier, as your friend...''
** simultaneously: ''walking as he texted''
** since, the reason for: ''The test is over as we ran out of time''
** even, though: ''Nice as he seems, he's really a jerk''
* like = preposition or adverb
** similar to, in the same way: ''working like a madman, a car like yours''
** taking on the characteristics of (adverb): ''acting like a child''
** for example: ''it's a place'' ''like home''
* not to be confused with "like" as a verb, as in "I like cookies"
** << note the use of "as" here
* examples of the difference between as and like:
**''He flew '''like''' a bird''  v. ''He flew '''as''' a bird''
** ''She lives '''like''' a millionaire'' v. ''She lives '''as''' millionaires do''
** ''That car is '''as''' fast as a Ferrari but rides '''like''' a bus''
* see:  
** [https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-like-and-as.html#:~:text=The%20difference%20between%20like%20and%20as%20is%20presented,used%20to%20refer%20to%20%E2%80%98in%20the%20same%20manner%E2%80%99 Difference Between Like and As]
** [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/like-vs-as/ Like vs. As–Simple Rules to Know]


=== difference between censure and censor/censorship ===
== like and "such as" ==
the difference between ''like'' and "''such as"'':
* like = preposition or adverb
** "like" details listed above under "difference between like and as"
* such as = preposition (adjective or adverb modifier)
** as an example of: ''a good idea, such as yours''
** an instance of: ''Tropical mountain coffee such as Ugandan beans are hard to find''
* the difference between "like" and "such as"
** ''like'' compares or gives examples of things with similar characteristics
** ''such as'' compares <u>specific</u> things, usually as an example of
* examples of the difference between like and such as:
** ''I vacation at places '''like''' Verbier with lots of mountains and snow''
** ''I vacation at places with lots of mountains and snow, like Verbier''
* "like" and "such as" may seem interchangeable when providing an example
** but the key difference is that
*** ''like'' is used for "non-inclusive" examples,
**** i.e., something of a similar characteristic or category
**** ''The student dreams of a professional career like medicine''
***** << could be any career that is similar to medicine
*** ''such as'' is used for "inclusive" examples,
*** The student dreams of a professional career such as medicine
**** << the student's list of careers includes medicine
* see:
** [https://proofed.com/writing-tips/word-choice-like-vs-such-as/ Word Choice: Like vs. Such As | Proofed's Writing Tips]


* '''censure''' = severe disapproval or rejection
== since & because and "because of" and "due to" ==
* '''censor''' = an official who examines material to be published in order to "censor" or remove/suppress offensive content
the difference between ''since'' and ''because'' and "''because of''" and "''due to''"
* '''censorship''' = the act of official '''censoring''' of a publication or other form of speech
 
=== difference between since & because and "because of" and "due to" ===
* ''since'' & ''because'' = the same (synonymous)
* ''since'' & ''because'' = the same (synonymous)
** both are subordinating conjunctions (i.e., they combine a dependent or subordinate with an independent clause)
** both are subordinating conjunctions (i.e., they combine a dependent or subordinate with an independent clause)
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, "because of", "in that", "owing to"
, "because of", "in that", "owing to"
>> to fix !!!  
>> to fix !!!  
* see  
* see  
** https://www.dailywritingtips.com/because-of-and-due-to/
** https://www.dailywritingtips.com/because-of-and-due-to/
difference between commas splice and run-on sentence


* comma splice =
== which & where ==
** independent clauses combined by a comma and without a coordinating conjunction (i.e., "I ate, I slept" v. "I ate, and I slept")
the difference between ''which'' and ''where''
* run-on sentence =  
* "which" is a "relative pronouns"
** independent clauses combined without any punctuation (i.e., "I ate I slept" v. "I ate, and I slept")
** relative pronouns add information to a clause
** note that "then" is an adverb, so "I ate, then I slept" is technically incorrect
** "which" indicates a specific reference to a prior-stated noun
*** correct: "I ate, and then I slept" or "I ate then slept"
*** ''the town in which I grew up''
**** note the use of the preposition "in"
 
* "where" is an adverb or a conjunction
** "where" indicates a general reference to the location of an action, event or thing
*** the town where I grew up
**** note absence of a preposition
* we would not say:
** ''the town which I grew up''
*** instead would be either
**** ''the town which I grew up in''
**** ''the town in which I grew up''
** ''the town in where I grew up''
 
* ''confusion arises in informal English in which "which" and "where" are used interchangeably''
* ''confusion arises in informal English where "which" and "where" are used interchangeably''
 
== who & whom, whose ==
the difference between ''who'' and ''whom''
 
* who and whom are both pronouns
** i.e., they refer to another noun (in reference to a person or persons)
* who is the objective case
* whom is the subjective case
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Who:
Subjective Case
(subject-verb in bold)
!Whom:
Objective Case
(recipient of an action)
|-
|'''Who is''' on first?
|You refer to '''whom'''?
<small>(whom is the object of preposition "to")</small>
|-
|I don't know '''who is''' going
|Under '''whom''' do you work?
<small>(whom is the object of preposition "under")</small>
|-
|Give it to someone '''who needs''' it most
|Give it to '''whom'''?
<small>(whom is the object of preposition "to")</small>
|-
|The man '''who said''' yes is nice
|He's the man '''whom''' I apologized to.
<small>(whom is the object of preposition "to")</small>
|}
 
* general rule to use to distinguish between "who" and "whom"
** replace the who/whom with "he/she" or "him/her"  
*** and if the he/she works, then it is correct to use "who"
*** if the "him/her" works, then it is correct to use "whom"
** ex.
*** Who/whom said it is fun?
**** '''''She''' said it is fun''  < correct
**** '''''Her''' said it is fun'' < wrong
**** so it is "'''Who''' said it is fun?"
*** I know who/whom to avoid
**** I know '''she''' to avoid
***** (= ''I know to avoid '''she)''' << wrong''
**** I know '''her''' to avoid
***** ''(= I know to avoid her'') << correct
**** so it is "I know '''whom''' to avoid"
 
== your and yours ==
the difference between ''your'' and ''yours''
* your = 2nd person possessive adjective
** ''it's your hat''
* yours = 2nd person possessive pronoun
** ''the hat is yours''
* "yours" completes the predicate (verb phrase)
** ''is yours''
* your describes ownership as an adjective
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