Participle phrase & infinitive phrase: Difference between revisions
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== Finite and Non-Finite Verbs & their complements== | == Finite and Non-Finite Verbs & their complements== | ||
=== Non-finite verbs & complements === | |||
* "complements" are words or phrases that "complement" or "go along with" a subject or verb | |||
* verbs have complements in the forms of | |||
** objects | |||
** adverbs | |||
** prepositional phrases | |||
** dependent or "subordinate" clauses | |||
* the idea is the the "verb complement" adds information to the predicate (which is the verb and its complements) | |||
==== Finite & Non-Finite verbs and complements ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ | |||
!Participle | |||
(non-finite verb) | |||
!Participle | |||
Complement | |||
!Subject | |||
!Verb | |||
!Complements | |||
!Participle | |||
(non-finite verb) | |||
!Participle | |||
Complement | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|(The) student | |||
|reads | |||
|a textbook on his own | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|(The) student | |||
|reads | |||
|a textbook on his own | |||
|to learn | |||
|more effectively | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|(The) student | |||
|reads | |||
|a textbook on his own | |||
|, learning | |||
|more effectively | |||
|- | |||
|To learn | |||
|more effectively | |||
|(the) student | |||
|reads | |||
|a textbook on his own | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|Reading | |||
|a textbook on his own | |||
|(the) student | |||
|learns | |||
|more effectively | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|(The) student | |||
|learns | |||
|on his own | |||
|reading | |||
|after school | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|(The) student | |||
|learns | |||
|after school | |||
|reading | |||
|on his own | |||
|} | |||
Line 81: | Line 163: | ||
S( noun )-->NFV(participle<br>adjective)-->C2(prepositional phrase)-->V(verb)--->C(object) | S( noun )-->NFV(participle<br>adjective)-->C2(prepositional phrase)-->V(verb)--->C(object) | ||
}} | }} | ||
[[Category:Grammar]] | [[Category:Grammar]] | ||
[[Category:SAT verbal]] | [[Category:SAT verbal]] | ||
[[Category:SAT digital test]] | [[Category:SAT digital test]] |
Revision as of 21:14, 11 June 2024
Sentence
- a grammatically complete thought
- grammatically complete = contains a finite verb (subject-verb)
- logically complete = does not need more information to complete the thought
Finite and Non-Finite Verbs & their complements[edit | edit source]
Non-finite verbs & complements[edit | edit source]
- "complements" are words or phrases that "complement" or "go along with" a subject or verb
- verbs have complements in the forms of
- objects
- adverbs
- prepositional phrases
- dependent or "subordinate" clauses
- the idea is the the "verb complement" adds information to the predicate (which is the verb and its complements)
Finite & Non-Finite verbs and complements[edit | edit source]
Participle
(non-finite verb) |
Participle
Complement |
Subject | Verb | Complements | Participle
(non-finite verb) |
Participle
Complement |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(The) student | reads | a textbook on his own | ||||
(The) student | reads | a textbook on his own | to learn | more effectively | ||
(The) student | reads | a textbook on his own | , learning | more effectively | ||
To learn | more effectively | (the) student | reads | a textbook on his own | ||
Reading | a textbook on his own | (the) student | learns | more effectively | ||
(The) student | learns | on his own | reading | after school | ||
(The) student | learns | after school | reading | on his own |
Examples of participle phrase placement[edit | edit source]
- participle = the -ing or -ed forms of a verb
- participles may serve as finite (take a subject) or non-finite (no subject)
- finite forms of participles are
- -ing present participle = present continuous tense
- It is snowing'; They are playing
- -ed past participle = simple past tense
- It snowed'; They played
- -ing present participle = present continuous tense
- non-finite forms of participles are
- -ing present participle adjective
- Snowing all day, the car was buried'; The boys playing around got in trouble
- -ing "gerund" (present participle noun)
- Snowing out makes me happy; Playing in the show is fun
- -ed past participle adjective
- The snowed in car was stuck'; The team played
- -ing present participle adjective
- participle phrase
- a participle phrase is two or more words that have a non-finite verb (i.e., no subject)
- (note: if a finite verb is present (subject-verb), it is a clause)
- participle phrases add information to another word or clause
- ex.>:
- present participle phrase: Playing hard, they lost anyway
- past participle phrase: Played poorly, they lost the game
Participle phrase example 1[edit | edit source]
- Sentence:
Students read the textbook studying for the test
- Grammatical forms:
- Parts of speech:
Participle phrase example 2[edit | edit source]
- Sentence:
Studying for the test, students read the textbook
- Grammatical forms:
- Parts of speech:
Participle phrase example 3[edit | edit source]
- Sentence:
Students studying for the test read the textbook
- Grammatical forms:
- Parts of speech: