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Rhetorical device: Difference between revisions
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'''Rhetorical devices''' = language | '''Rhetorical device / rhetorical devices''' = language or communication tools used for persuasion | ||
Rhetoric is the art of persuasion, a fundamental component of open, civil society and discourse. Where there is no persuasion, there is mere conformity or, worse, compulsion. Rhetoric underlies a free, democratic society. | Rhetoric is the art of persuasion, a fundamental component of open, civil society and discourse. Where there is no persuasion, there is mere conformity or, worse, compulsion. Rhetoric underlies a free, democratic society. | ||
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* additional sections will cover rhetorical devices of counter-argument and repetition | * additional sections will cover rhetorical devices of counter-argument and repetition | ||
* note | * note | ||
** some of these rhetorical devices may be used to create false or misleading arguments or logical fallacies, or to impugn (insult, insincerely attack) another person or position | ** some of these rhetorical devices may be used to create false or misleading arguments or logical fallacies, or to impugn (insult, insincerely attack) another person or position (ex. "ad hominem") | ||
** many of these devices are also called "literary devices" and so are listed within that category, as well | ** many of these devices are also called "literary devices" and so are listed within that category, as well | ||
** see [[Logical fallacy|Logical fallacies]] and [[Literary devices]] | ** see [[Logical fallacy|Logical fallacies]] and [[Literary devices]] | ||
=== ad hominem === | === ad hominem === | ||
* personal attack on the opponent as opposed to the opponent's argument | |||
* can be a valid argument; see: [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/character-attack/ Character Attacks: How to Properly Apply the Ad Hominem - Scientific American] | |||
=== alliteration === | === alliteration === | ||
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* repetition of sounds | * repetition of sounds | ||
** ''tightening tentacles terribly perturbs our tentative template'' | ** ''tightening tentacles terribly perturbs our tentative template'' | ||
=== aporia === | === aporia === | ||
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=== cacophony === | === cacophony === | ||
* clashing sounds and words meant to convey tension or trouble | |||
=== consonance === | === consonance === | ||
=== irony === | === irony === | ||
=== Gish gallop === | |||
* rapid use of multiple arguments in order to overwhelm a debate or argument | |||
** avoids scrutiny of individual arguments | |||
** named for Duane Gish who spoke rapidly and without allowing the opponent to intervene or analyze each individual arguments | |||
=== merism === | |||
* stating the extremes of something | |||
** as in "from A to Z" | |||
=== metanoia === | === metanoia === | ||
* re-expressing a statement in a stronger or lesser way | * re-expressing a statement in a stronger or lesser way | ||
* ''Her idea changed our country; indeed, it changed the world!'' | ** ''Her idea changed our country; indeed, it changed the world!'' | ||
* ''metanoia'' means "a change of mind, a new way of seeing" | |||
=== metonymy === | === metonymy === | ||
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=== personification === | === personification === | ||
* giving human qualities to objects or ideas | |||
=== trap question === | |||
* a syllogistic (logical) line of questions or thought that lead one's opponent to a logical conclusion in support of one's own argument | |||
* particularly powerful in trials, whereby the witness is "trapped" into an admission of some fact | |||
=== understatement === | === understatement === | ||
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* repeating a word at the beginning of each clause, sentence or paragraph | * repeating a word at the beginning of each clause, sentence or paragraph | ||
* similar to '''epistrophe''' | |||
** = repetition of a word or phrase at the end of a cause, sentence or paragraph | |||
* '''symploce''' ("sim-ploh-see") | |||
** = use of both anaphora and epistrophe | |||
==== antanaclasis ==== | ==== antanaclasis ==== | ||