A+ Club Lesson Planner & Study Guide

AP US History vocabulary list: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

AP US History vocabulary list (view source)

Revision as of 03:23, 7 June 2024

6,374 bytes added ,  7 June
m
→‎Economic & Political
VisualWikitext
 
(14 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''US History and AP US History Running Vocabulary List: Terms, Concepts, Names and Events'''
'''US History and AP US History Running Vocabulary List: Terms, Concepts, Names and Events'''


Note: see Talk page for to do list and suggestions
(note: see Talk page for to do list and suggestions)
 
'''This page may be used as an all-round study guide for the AP Exam.'''
 
'''Primary goals of this study guide:'''
 
# Knowledge of periods
# Knowledge of terms, people and places
# Knowledge of dates
 
* See here for map review of US History
 
For Multiple Choice section ('''MCQ)''', students are to:
 
* identify document source, date, historical context
* contextuals document and not confuse it for wrong period or context in wrong possible answer
* idenify other errors in wrong possible answers
 
For '''Free Response''' sections ('''FRQ, DBQ'''), students are to:
 
* demonstrate historical factual knowledge
** provide examples, describe and explain
** write to an uninformed audience
*** as in math, "show your work" -- i.e., explain everything
* contextualize through cause and effect
* compare/contrast to other periods, persons, and events
* conceptualize facts into large ideas


== US History: BIG IDEAS for American self-conception and historical choices ==
== US History: BIG IDEAS for American self-conception and historical choices ==
Line 176: Line 202:
== General terms to know for US History ==
== General terms to know for US History ==
<div style="column-count:2">
<div style="column-count:2">
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:abolitionism|the movement to end slavery; abolition,  
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:abolitionism|the movement to end slavery; abolition, abolitionist; see also emancipation}}</ul>
abolitionist; see also emancipation}}</ul>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:aristocratic|of high social status, usually conferred by birth; note "titles of nobility" are banned by US Constitution}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:aristocratic|of high social status, usually conferred by birth; note "titles of nobility" are banned by US Constitution}}<li>authority</ul>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:authority|the source and/or exercise of power; as a source of power, authority indicates the legitimacy of its exercise ("by what authority?"); as the exercise of power, authority is its methods (how power is used), person (who or what exercises the power) and its extents and limits}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:blue collar v. white collar| blue collar = workers, in reference to the blue "coveralls" laborers may wear (originally clothing made of denim or coarse fabric); white = refernence to the collars of a white dress shirt}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:blue collar v. white collar| blue collar = workers, in reference to the blue "coveralls" laborers may wear (originally clothing made of denim or coarse fabric); white = refernence to the collars of a white dress shirt}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:cession|leaving the Union or a state }}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:cession|leaving the Union or a state }}</ul></li>
Line 185: Line 211:
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:''de facto'' v. ''de jure''|"in fact" v. "in law"; ''de facto'' means something that exists in practice; whereas ''de jure'' means a practice according to law; examples of ''de facto'' v. ''de jure'' conditions include continued discrimination after bans on legal racial segregation, continued use of alcohol despite its legal ban under the 19th amendment, etc.}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:''de facto'' v. ''de jure''|"in fact" v. "in law"; ''de facto'' means something that exists in practice; whereas ''de jure'' means a practice according to law; examples of ''de facto'' v. ''de jure'' conditions include continued discrimination after bans on legal racial segregation, continued use of alcohol despite its legal ban under the 19th amendment, etc.}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:delegate (as noun and verb)|n: a representative to a political body; v. to assign or pass along a task, power, or sovereignty}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:delegate (as noun and verb)|n: a representative to a political body; v. to assign or pass along a task, power, or sovereignty}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:democracy|a form of government decidied by majority vote; a "pure democracy" would make every governmental or collective decision by a simple majority vote; the U.S. form of government has democratic elements constrained by republican structures of divided and limited government, and certain requirements for "super majority" votes (in the US Senate and for Constitutional amendment}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:direct tax|a tax that is applied "directly" to persons as opposed to an activity or material; the income tax is a "direct" tax, which required Constitutional amendment to allow under the law}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:direct tax|a tax that is applied "directly" to persons as opposed to an activity or material; the income tax is a "direct" tax, which required Constitutional amendment to allow under the law}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:disenfranchised|not allowd to vote; can be ''de jure'' (legal voting restrictions) or ''de facto'' (forcible, if illegal, voting restrictions}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:disenfranchised|not allowd to vote; can be ''de jure'' (legal voting restrictions) or ''de facto'' (forcible, if illegal, voting restrictions}}</ul></li>
Line 210: Line 237:
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:popular sovereignty|1850s political stance that held that territories and states should accept or not accept the practice of slavery based upon a vote of the people (i.e., "popular"; sovereignty = rule}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:popular sovereignty|1850s political stance that held that territories and states should accept or not accept the practice of slavery based upon a vote of the people (i.e., "popular"; sovereignty = rule}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:precedent| the judicial practice of adhereing to prior or "preceding" decisions; decisions that change "precedent" are considered "landmark"}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:precedent| the judicial practice of adhereing to prior or "preceding" decisions; decisions that change "precedent" are considered "landmark"}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:prohibition| >>definition here }}</ul>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:power|power is exercised and/or expressed through 1) authority (source of power); 2) legitimacy (legality or justification for the power; 3) sovereignty (ultimate or "supreme" source of power, its heirarchies (levels) and ability to exercise power; power that has no authority has no legitimacy; power that is legitimate but has no authority is not sovereign, etc.}} </ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:"Republican motherhood"| the Early Republic belief that the role of a patriotic mother was to raise their sons as good "republicans," i.e. members of a self-governed society (not the political party)>>definition here }}<li>republican principles</ul>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:prohibition|movement to ban the sale and consumnption of alchohol; "prohibition" may also be used regarding banning of other items, manufacture, or consumption; the period of "Prohibition" started in 1920 with the 18th Amendment and ended in 1932 with the 21st Amendment; the "temperance" movemement was the activism to achieve prohibition}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:republic|a state (in the sense of a nation) that is governed democratically through representative demoocracy, usually with divided authorities, such as legislative, executive and judicial branches of the government; in the U.S. republican governance also divides power between the federal government and the states; across U.S. history, the republican form of governance has changed in terms of citizen participation, starting with white male elites and/or landowners over the age of 21 (generally), extending to freed male slaves, to women, and by lowering the votiong age to 18; republicanism has also changed with the growth of federal over state powers}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:"Republican motherhood"| the Early Republic belief that the role of a patriotic mother was to raise their sons as good "republicans," i.e. members of a self-governed society (not the political party)}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:republican principles|"republicanism" is a form of self=government through democratically elected representatives; the "republican principles," therefore, are those ideals exercised to affect republican (representative) self-government; republicanism is also associated with divided and limited government}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:state|a sovereign political unit; in the "United States" the states are independent political entities that have yielded certain powers or sovereignties to the central government; internationally, a "state" is a country or nation (thus the "State Department" as the executive department that represents the country)}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:state|a sovereign political unit; in the "United States" the states are independent political entities that have yielded certain powers or sovereignties to the central government; internationally, a "state" is a country or nation (thus the "State Department" as the executive department that represents the country)}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:states rights| sovereignty and powers of states; generally, the belief that the federal government should not "infringe" }}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:states rights| sovereignty and powers of states; generally, the belief that the federal government should not "infringe" }}</ul></li>
Line 217: Line 247:
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:socialism| an economic and political theory that the state (the government) should own the "means of production" (farming, industry, etc.); "socialists" across time have varied in the degree to which they call for state-control of different segments of the economy and society }}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:socialism| an economic and political theory that the state (the government) should own the "means of production" (farming, industry, etc.); "socialists" across time have varied in the degree to which they call for state-control of different segments of the economy and society }}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:sovereignty|rule or "rule over"; government authority or rule is called its "soveriegnty", thus a monarch is also called a "soveriegn"|}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:sovereignty|rule or "rule over"; government authority or rule is called its "soveriegnty", thus a monarch is also called a "soveriegn"|}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:suffrage| the right to vote; "suffragettes" were women activitists who promoted the right for women to vote}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:suffrage| the right to vote; the "suffrage movement" was the political movement to secure voting rights for women; "suffragettes" were women activitists who promoted the right for women to vote, such as Susan B. Anthony}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:tariff| taxes on imports; also called "duties" }}</ul>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:tariff| taxes on imports; also called "duties" }}</ul>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:temperance movement| social and political movement to ban production and use of alcohol}}<li>two-party system</ul>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:temperance movement| social and political movement to ban production and use of alcohol}}<li>two-party system</ul>
Line 347: Line 377:
}}
}}
-------------
-------------
==== Cyle of Escalation ====
==== Cycle of Escalation ====
{{#mermaid:flowchart LR
{{#mermaid:flowchart LR
PL[British Tax or Regulation]--Enforcement-->CP[Colonial Protest]-->ME[More enforcemment]
PL[British Tax or Regulation]--Enforcement-->CP[Colonial Protest]-->ME[More enforcemment]
Line 382: Line 412:
==== Intolerable Acts to Colonial Organization ====
==== Intolerable Acts to Colonial Organization ====
{{#mermaid:flowchart LR
{{#mermaid:flowchart LR
CO[Colonial Organization]--Sons of Liberty<br>Committee on Correspondence-->CP[Colonial Protests]
IA-->CO
CO-->CB[Colonial Boycotts]
CO[Colonial Organization]--Sons of Liberty<br>Committee on Correspondence-->CP[Colonial Protests & Boycotts]
IA[Intolerable Acts, or Coersive Acts, 1774]-->CP
IA[Intolerable Acts, or Coersive Acts, 1774]-->CP
CP-->BR[British retaliation]-->CP
CP-->BR[British retaliation]-->CP
}}
}}
-------------
-------------
==== War ====
==== War ====
{{#mermaid:flowchart LR
{{#mermaid:flowchart LR
Line 667: Line 698:


== Antebellum period ==
== Antebellum period ==
* cotton gin
* land speculation


=== Jacksonian period ===
=== Jacksonian period ===
Line 677: Line 712:
* Jacksonian democracy
* Jacksonian democracy
* Indian Removal Act
* Indian Removal Act
* Nat Turner Rebellion (1831)
* Nullification Crisis
* Nullification Crisis
* Petticoat affair
* Petticoat affair
Line 696: Line 732:


===Social reform ===
===Social reform ===
* cult of domesticity
* American Anti-Slavery Society
* cult of domesticity
* Declaration of Sentiments
* Declaration of Sentiments
* Frederic Douglas
* Frederic Douglas
* emancipation
* emancipation
* Philadelphia Women's Anti-Slavery Convention


* Ralph Waldo Emerson
* Ralph Waldo Emerson
* Second Great Awakening
* Second Great Awakening
* Seneca Falls Convention
* Seneca Falls Convention
* Sojouner Truth
* Elizabeth Cady Stanton
* suffrage
* suffrage
* Temperance movement
* Henry David Thoreaux
* transcendentalism
* transcendentalism
* Uncle Tom’s Cabin
* Uncle Tom’s Cabin
* Underground Railroad
* Underground Railroad
* Walden Pond
</div>
</div>
<br>
<br>
Line 719: Line 762:
* Compromise of 1850
* Compromise of 1850
* Jefferson Davis
* Jefferson Davis
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Dred Scott decision|1857 written by Chief Justice Roger Taney of Maryland, the decision held that Scott, a slave who sued for freedom when his owner took him from the slave state Missouri to Illinois; Taney ruled that blacks are not citizens and thereby have no constitutional protections; the decision also invalidated the Missouri Compromise, stating that it violated slave owners' property rights; the Taney Court thought the ruling would settle the problem of slavery, but it instead inflamed it}}</ul></li>
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Dred Scott decision|1857 written by Chief Justice Roger Taney of Maryland, the decision held that Scott, a slave who sued for freedom when his owner took him from the slave state Missouri to Illinois; Taney ruled that blacks are not citizens and thereby have no constitutional protections; the decision also invalidated the Missouri Compromise, stating that it violated slave owners' property rights; the Taney Court thought the ruling would settle the problem of slavery, but it instead inflamed it}}</ul>
* Gadsden Purchase
* Gadsden Purchase
* Gold Rush of 1849
* Gold Rush of 1849
* Henry Clay
* Henry Clay
* John Brown
* Kansas-Nebraska Act
* Kansas-Nebraska Act
* Know Nothings
* Know Nothings
Line 743: Line 787:
* 1860 Election
* 1860 Election
* Anaconda Plan
* Anaconda Plan
* Antietam
* Appomattox
* Appomattox
* Confederacy
* Copperheads
* Emancipation Proclamation
* Emancipation Proclamation
* Ft. Sumter
* Ft. Sumter
Line 753: Line 800:
* Vicksburg
* Vicksburg
* U.S. Grant
* U.S. Grant
* Union
</div>
</div>
<br>
<br>
Line 761: Line 809:
* 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments
* 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments
* black codes
* black codes
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:"bloody shirt"|from the apocryphal (likely but not true) story of Rep. Benj. Butler in 1871 holding up a blood-stained shirt on the floor of the House of Representatives, which was supposedly from a carpetbagger who had been whipped by the KKK; Butler's speech was condemned by southerners who mocked the speech for having "waved the bloodys shirt" in a pathetic appeal; the term was used subsequently to accuse Republicans of trying to gain sympathy for their stances on the Civil War and Reconstruction, as well as later policies}}</ul></li>
* Compromise of 1877
* Compromise of 1877
* 40 acres and a mule
* 40 acres and a mule
Line 783: Line 832:


=== Post-Reconstruction ===
=== Post-Reconstruction ===
<div style="column-count:2">
 
=== Economic & Political ===
* Susan B. Anthony
* Andrew Carnegie
* Battle of Wounded Knee
* Battle of Wounded Knee
* bimetallism
* Chinese Exclusion Act
* Chinese Exclusion Act
* Dawes Act /assimilation
* Dawes Act /assimilation
* Gentlemen’s Agreement
* Gentlemen’s Agreement
* Great Migration
* Homestead Act of 1862
* melting pot
* nativism
* National Suffrage Movement
* Sand Creek Massacre
* Women's Christian Temperance Union<div style="column-count:2">
=== Economic & Political ===
* Andrew Carnegie
*
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:bimetallism|the policy of fixing the value of silver and gold so taht if one went up or down, the relative value of the other would stay the same; in the late 19th century, bimetallism was used politically to oppose the gold standard, especially by Wm. Jennings Bryan, who more largely argued for "free silver" but used bimetallism as a supposed compromise between gold and silver, although it would essential tie Gold to the decreasing value of silver, which was Bryan[s purpose}}</ul></li>
* economies of scale
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Coinage Act of 1873|created the "gold standard" by prohibiting owners of silver "bullion" (raw silver) to be allowed to convert it into silver dollars (while allowing god buillion to be converted into gold dollars); the Act effectively ended Civil War paper money currency, which was inflationary}}</ul></li>
* "free silver"
* Grange, the
* Grange, the
* Great Migration
* hard money
* hard money
* Homestead Act of 1862
* laissez-faire capitalism
* laissez-faire capitalism
* melting pot
* monopoly
* monopoly
* nativism
* Nelson Rockefeller
* Nelson Rockefeller
* political bosses
* political bosses
Line 804: Line 861:
* Populist Party
* Populist Party
* robber barons
* robber barons
* Sand Creek Massacre
* Sherman Anti-trust Act
* Sherman Anti-trust Act
* silver
* silver
* social Darwinism
* social Darwinism
* soft money
* soft money
* specie
* Standard Oil
* Standard Oil
* transcontinental railroad
* transcontinental railroad
* U.S. Steel
* U.S. Steel
</div>
 
<br>
<br>
-------------------
-------------------
Line 857: Line 914:
=== Progressive Era ===
=== Progressive Era ===
<div style="column-count:2">
<div style="column-count:2">
* "Square Deal”
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:"Square Deal”|Teddy Roosevelt's slogan to represent his agenda in support of the "common man" as against elites, called "plutocracy," i.e. industrialists, bankers, and politicians beholden (corruptly) to them; Roosevelt said that the rules of society were against common people, and he wanted them to have instead a "square deal"}}</ul></li>
* 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th Amendments
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:16th, 17th, 18th, 19th Amendments|students should be familiar with the "progressive" amendments: Income Tax (16th), Direct Election of Senators (17th), Prohibition (18th), Suffrage for Women (19th)}}</ul></li>
* Bull Moose Party
<ul><li>{{#tip-text:Bull Moose Party|nickname for Teddy Roosevelt's Progressive Party campaign; comes from his statement after losing the Republican Party nomination in June, 1912 that he felt "strong as a bull moose"}}</ul></li>
* Elkins Act (1903)  
* Elkins Act (1903)  
* Eugene V. Debs
* Eugene V. Debs
Line 1,654: Line 1,711:
|
|
|}
|}
== Resources ==
=== Suffrage, voting, democracy ===
* [https://americanhistory.si.edu/explore/exhibitions/american-democracy American Democracy | National Museum of American History (si.edu)]
* [https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/essays/winning-vote-history-voting-rights Winning the Vote: A History of Voting Rights | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History]
---------------
---------------


Retrieved from "https://school4schools.wiki/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/5054...5116"