US History timeline & concept chart: 16th-18th centuries (to 1754) British-American colonies: Difference between revisions

* timeline up to the French-Indian War (1754)

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! '''PERIOD / TIMELINE'''

==== mercantilism ====

* European political and economic policy of forcing colonial possessions to trade directly with the home country and not others

* Navigation Act of 1651

** enacted under the Commonwealth (Parliamentarian control of England under Oliver Cromwell)

** required that all trade to/from colonies had to be conducted on English ships

| - Roger Williams creates Rhode Island (1636)

- Ann Hutchinson & associates move to Rhode Island (1638)

|-

|1665

* 1624: Virginia Company abolished; royal Colony<br><br>

* 1639: Fundamental Orders of Connecticut<br><br>

||

'''British colonial population growth'''

* conditions that "pushed" British emigration

* conditions that "pulled" colonial immigration<br><br>

'''Joint Stock Company'''

* Mayflower Compact: Pilgrim contract for self-rule

* William Bradford: became Plymouth Colony governor; wrote book “On “Plymouth Plantation”<br><br>

* “A Model of Christian Charity”: Winthrop sermon declaring Christian mission of the colony<br><br>

||

'''BIG IDEAS'''

** John Winthrop

** Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

* 1625: 2,000

* 1775: 2.4 million

* from 1530-1680 200,000 immigrants arrived to the colonies

* of approx 500,000 European migrants to the American colonies before 1775, approx:

**https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indentured_servitude#North_America

**https://web.viu.ca/davies/H320/population.colonies.htm

=== Early British settlements of North America ===

*** 1612 tribal leader '''Powhatan''' arranged peace, married daughter to Rolfe

*** Powhatan’s successor took anti-English position, led attacks

*** peace agreements by 1627-32, but English expansion westward continued, led to war in 1644, finally Treat of 1646 turned tribes into English subjects, Virginia Colony expansion

=== Virginia "tobacco economy" ===

* system was used must less in New England

* = the first proprietary colony = owned and governed by an individual

Rhode Island & religious freedom

<nowiki>***</nowiki> after the English Restoration, Rhode Island welcomed Quakers, Jews and others seeking religious liberty

'''Quakers''' = "Religious Society of Friends"

* Puritans who were considered extremists for their belief that the "Light of Christ" resided in every person

* many of these groups settled on farm land, thus "Pennsylvania Dutch country"

* '''Fundamental Orders of Connecticut''', 1639

** 1638 Roger Ludlow petitioned Governor Winthrop for authority for those settlements to “united ourselves to walk and lie peaceably and lovingly together”  

** 1639 Connecticut established as separate colony  

** thus the modern “Constitution State” state motto

** Protestants who wanted independent churches from Church of England

** initially illegal and persecuted but gained power under Oliver Cromwell, a separatist (1649-1660)

*** saw religious rules as essential, called them “Justice and Mercy” and should apply to all, rich and poor

** historians see “City upon a Hill” as a statement of “American exceptionalism”

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* Bacon's Rebellion

* expansion of slavery

'''DETAILS'''

* cash crops:

** tobacco in NC, VA and MD

** maintain oral traditions, songs

** mixture of African and colonial cultures  

for Colonial populations, including slaves and free blacks see:

||

'''BIG IDEAS'''

* all of these wars were largely result of '''American colonial expansion''', including:

* European political and religious dynamics deeply influenced British and French colonial interactions

** as well as among and between the British colonies

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|| '''King Philip's War'''

|| n/a - independent of European conflicts or involvement

** led raids on Massachusetts, Maine, Rhode Island and Connecticut villages & settlements

** colonial militia responded

* impact upon New England identity

** war conducted without British involvement or support

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| 1688–1697

* War of the League of Augsburg

* Nine Years' War

* France aligned '''Wabanaki Confederacy''' opposed colonialists and their allied Iroquois Confederacy

* wiki: The Iroquois dominated the economically important Great Lakes fur trade and had been in conflict with New France since 1680.[15]:43 At the urging of New England, the Iroquois interrupted the trade between New France and the western tribes. In retaliation, New France raided Seneca lands of western New York. In turn, New England supported the Iroquois in attacking New France, which they did by raiding Lachine.

|| '''Queen Anne's War'''

|| War of the Spanish Succession

** France and England wanted colonies to remain neutral

** existing colonial border tensions were enflamed by the European conflict

*** Newfoundland & Hudson Bay

*** Massachusetts & Maine

* English colonial population 250,000

* French & Spanish populations were negligible, relying mostly on Indian allies