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Abbreviations
Abbreviations


* See [[Abbreviations of the Books of the Bible]]
* See [[Books of the Bible with abbreviations|Abbreviations of the Books of the Bible]]
* CCC = Catechism of the Catholic Church
* CCC = Catechism of the Catholic Church
* USCCB = United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
* USCCB = United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
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**see [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/28/ CCC 84]
**see [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/28/ CCC 84]
*'''Deuterocanonical books'''
*'''Deuterocanonical books'''
**"deutero" = second, so "belonging to the second canon"
**see entry in below section on the Bible
**seven books from later Old Testament writings that were accepted and studied at the time of Christ
 
***they also included additions to other OT works, including a Psalm
****but which later Jews (after 1st century AD) and, later, Protestants, disregarded
****primarily because of their references to intercessions of the saints, prayers to the dead, purgatory, resurrection of the body and confession
***Protestants call these books "Apocrypha" and do not consider them canonical
**the books were part of the Septuagint (a Greek translation of the Old Testament), which was the most commonly used OT form during the 1st century A.D. (times of Christ)
**Martin Luther excluded the books of Hebrews, James, Jude and Revelation from his canon (list of divine scripture
***because he claimed these books contradicted ''sola gratia'' (salvation by grace alone) and ''sola fide'' (justification by faith alone)
***Protestant doctrines of justification and salvation are called the "five ''solae''"
**see  
***[https://www.catholic.com/magazine/online-edition/answering-the-most-common-objection-to-the-deuterocanonical-books Answering the Most Common Objection to the Deuterocanonical Books | Catholic Answers Magazine]
***[https://www.saintmina-holmdel.org/phocadownload/Servants/2015-2017/Deuterocanonical%20Books%20P1.pdf#:~:text=Protestants%20reject%20them%20on%202%20grounds%3A%20Jews%20didn%E2%80%99t,%282%20Maccabees%2015%3A14%29%20Intercession%20of%20angels%20%28Tobit%2012%3A12-15%29 The Deuterocanonical Books slide show]
*'''Devil, the / diabolic'''
*'''Devil, the / diabolic'''
**= Satan (see entry below)
**= Satan (see entry below)
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**the revealed truth of the Holy Trinity is at the very root of the Church's living faith as expressed in the Creed (CCC 232, 237, 249, 253-256)
**the revealed truth of the Holy Trinity is at the very root of the Church's living faith as expressed in the Creed (CCC 232, 237, 249, 253-256)


== Bible structure ==
== Catholic Bible structure ==


* 46 Old Testament and 27 New Testament books
* 46 Old Testament books
* 27 New Testament books
* here for list of the [[Books of the Bible with abbreviations]]


=== Old Testament ===
=== Old Testament ===


* four sections
* '''Pentateuch'''
** '''Pentateuch'''
* '''Historical books'''
** '''Historical books'''
* '''Wisdom'''
** '''Wisdom'''
* '''Prophets'''
** '''Prophets'''


==== Deuterocanonical books ====
*"deutero" = second, so "belonging to the second canon"
*seven books from later Old Testament writings that were accepted and studied at the time of Christ
**they also included additions to other OT works, including a Psalm
***but which later Jews (after 1st century AD) and, later, Protestants, disregarded
***primarily because of their references to intercessions of the saints, prayers to the dead, purgatory, resurrection of the body and confession
**Protestants call these books "Apocrypha" and do not consider them canonical
*the books were part of the Septuagint (a Greek translation of the Old Testament), which was the most commonly used OT form during the 1st century A.D. (times of Christ)
*Martin Luther excluded the books of Hebrews, James, Jude and Revelation from his canon (list of divine scripture
**because he claimed these books contradicted ''sola gratia'' (salvation by grace alone) and ''sola fide'' (justification by faith alone)
**Protestant doctrines of justification and salvation are called the "five ''solae''"
*see
**[https://www.catholic.com/magazine/online-edition/answering-the-most-common-objection-to-the-deuterocanonical-books Answering the Most Common Objection to the Deuterocanonical Books | Catholic Answers Magazine]
**[https://www.saintmina-holmdel.org/phocadownload/Servants/2015-2017/Deuterocanonical%20Books%20P1.pdf#:~:text=Protestants%20reject%20them%20on%202%20grounds%3A%20Jews%20didn%E2%80%99t,%282%20Maccabees%2015%3A14%29%20Intercession%20of%20angels%20%28Tobit%2012%3A12-15%29 The Deuterocanonical Books slide show]
=== New Testament ===
=== New Testament ===
* '''Gospels'''
* '''Gospels'''
* '''Acts'''
* '''Acts'''
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* '''Catholic Epistles'''  
* '''Catholic Epistles'''  
* '''Revelation'''
* '''Revelation'''
== Ten Commandments ==
== Ten Commandments ==


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== Senses of Scripture: modes of interpretation ==
== Senses of Scripture: modes of interpretation ==
*the "Four Senses of Scripture":
 
=== The "Four Senses of Scripture" ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Literal'''<br>the direct meaning of the text
|'''Literal'''<br>the direct meaning of the text
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* Scripture frequently operates at multiple levels of "literal" (means exactly what it says) or "figurative" (it suggests or references something else or a larger idea)
* Scripture frequently operates at multiple levels of "literal" (means exactly what it says) or "figurative" (it suggests or references something else or a larger idea)
** <u>example</u>:
* Augustine of Dacia (13th Century; CCC 118) taught:
 
''The Letter speaks of deeds; Allegory to faith;''
''The Moral how to act; Anagogy our destiny''
 
* examples of employing the Four Senses of Scripture:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|Anagogical
|Anagogical
|Jerusalem as salvation: what we must do to get there
|Jerusalem as salvation: what we must do to get there
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Interpreting [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/16:5 "The Leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees" (Mt 16:5-12)]
!Mode or "sense"
!Meaning
|-
|Literal
|Jesus tells the Apostles, “Look out, and beware of the leaven* of the Pharisees and Sadducees” and they say among themselves, “It is because we have brought no bread," thus taking Jesus' analogy literally.
The literal meaning is that the Pharisees and Sadducees use yeast in their bread, which transforms the bread from its original form (leaven, such as yeast, is used to make bread "rise").
|-
|Allegorical
|Jesus admonishes them, "You of little faith, why do you conclude among yourselves that it is because you have no bread?" And, in a rare moment in the Gospels, Jesus explains the analogy: "How do you not comprehend that I was not speaking to you about bread? Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees.” Thus, their "leaven" corrupts the teachings of God.
|-
|Moral
|Beware of false teachers.
|-
|Anagogical
|If we focus on Christ, we will not stray from God.
|}
|}


* Augustine of Dacia (13th Century; CCC 118) taught:
* see also [https://www.usccb.org/bible/national-bible-week/upload/viviano-senses-scripture.pdf Viviano-SensesofScripture.indd (usccb.org)]
 
''The Letter speaks of deeds; Allegory to faith;''
''The Moral how to act; Anagogy our destiny''
 
see also [https://www.usccb.org/bible/national-bible-week/upload/viviano-senses-scripture.pdf Viviano-SensesofScripture.indd (usccb.org)]
*


== Sermon on the Mount ==
== Sermon on the Mount ==
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* The "Sermon on the Mount" is the first set of teachings in the Book of Matthew
* The "Sermon on the Mount" is the first set of teachings in the Book of Matthew
* it begins in Matthew Chapter 5 ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/5 Mt 5:1-2])
* it begins in Matthew Chapter 5 ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/5 Mt 5:1-2])
  When he saw the crowds,* he went up the mountain, and after he had sat down, his disciples came to him. He began to teach them, saying:
  When he saw the crowds,* he went up the mountain, and after he had sat down, his disciples came to him. He began to teach them, saying: ...
* Verses 3-12 are "the Beatitudes"
* Verses 3-12 are "'''the Beatitudes'''"
* The Beatitudes are at the heart of Jesus' preaching. They take up the promises made to the chosen people since Abraham. The Beatitudes fulfill the promises by ordering them no longer merely to the possession of a territory, but to the Kingdom of heaven ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/428/ CCC 1717])
* The Beatitudes are at the heart of Jesus' preaching. They take up the promises made to the chosen people since Abraham. The Beatitudes fulfill the promises by ordering them no longer merely to the possession of a territory, but to the Kingdom of heaven ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/428/ CCC 1717])
* the Gospel of Luke, also records Jesus' teachings on the Beatitudes, Chapter [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/luke/6?20 6:20-23]
* the Gospel of Luke, also records Jesus' teachings on the Beatitudes, Chapter [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/luke/6?20 6:20-23]
** in what is called in Luke the "Sermon on the Plain"
** in what is called in Luke the "Sermon on the Plain"
** so Luke records a similar teaching by Jesus at another place
** so Luke records a similar teaching by Jesus at another place
* notes on details:
** "he went up to the mountain" = as Mosel went up the mountain to receive the Ten Commandments, Jesus pronounces the New Law from a mountain top
** "after he had sat down" = in Jewish culture, a teacher sits to teach
** "his disciples came to him" = Jesus requires that his followers choose him (he selects the Apostles, telling some of them, "Follow me."


== Beatitudes from the Gospel of Matthew ==
== Beatitudes from the Gospel of Matthew ==
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  For my yoke is easy, and my burden light.
  For my yoke is easy, and my burden light.


== Sermon on the Mount (con't) ==
== Sermon on the Mount (continuing after the Beatitudes) ==


* after the Beatitudes, the Sermon on the Mount continues
* after the Beatitudes, the Sermon on the Mount continues
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  Woe to you when all speak well of you, for their ancestors treated the false prophets in this way.
  Woe to you when all speak well of you, for their ancestors treated the false prophets in this way.


== "Our Father" prayer ==
== Nicene Creed ==
*''oratio Dominica''
{| class="wikitable"
*also,  
|+Parts of the Creed: “The three chapters of our [baptismal] seal” ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/54/ CCC 190])
| colspan="2" |
=== Part 1: The first divine Person and the wonderful work of creation ===
|-
|'''I believe in one God, the Father almighty,'''
 
'''maker of heaven and earth,'''
 
'''of all things visible and invisible.'''
|
* “The faithful first profess their belief in God” ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/56/ CCC 199])
 
* The confession of God's oneness, which has its roots in the divine revelation of the Old Covenant, is inseparable from the profession of God's existence and is equally fundamental. God is unique; there is only one God: "The Christian faith confesses that God is one in nature, substance and essence.“ ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/56/ CCC 200])
|-
| colspan="2" |
=== Part 2: The second divine Person and the mystery of his redemption of men ===
|-
|'''I believe in one Lord Jesus Christ,'''
 
'''the Only Begotten Son of God,'''
 
'''born of the Father before all ages.'''
 
'''God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God,'''
 
'''begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father;'''
 
'''through him all things were made.'''
|
* Jesus affirms “the one Lord” ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/mark/12?29 Mk 12:29-30]) and also that he himself is the Lord ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/mark/12?35 Mk 12:35-37])
 
* confession of Jesus as Lord (or of the Holy Spirit) in no way contradicts belief in One God ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/56/ CCC 202])
 
** “He was in the beginning with God.([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/john/1?2 Jn 1:2])
 
** Jesus Christ is true God and true man” ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/118/ CCC 464])
 
* “begotten not made” = the Son is of the Father and not created; ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/118/ CCC 465])
 
* Jesus says, “No one knows the Son except the Father, and no one knows the Father except the Son and any one to whom the Son chooses to reveal him” ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/11?27 Mt 11:27] from [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/64/ CCC 240])
 
* "All things came to be through him, and without him nothing came to be” ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/john/1?3 Jn 1:3])
|-
|'''For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven,'''
 
'''[bow during the next two lines:]'''
 
'''and by the Holy Spirit was incarnate of the Virgin Mary,'''
 
'''and became man.'''
|
* The Good News: God has sent his Son ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/108/ CCC Pt. I 2:2])
 
* The Word became flesh so that thus we might know God's love ... "For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life.“ ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/john/3?16 Jn 3:16] from [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/116/ CCC 458])
 
* so that we may be "partakers of the divine nature" ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/2peter/1?4 2 Pet 1:4] per [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/116/ CCC 460])
 
•the Son of God assumed a human nature in order to accomplish our salvation in it. ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/116/ CCC 461])
 
•“And being found in human form he humbled himself and became obedient unto death, even death on a cross” ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/philippians/2?7 Phil 2:7-8] per [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/116/ CCC 461])
 
•The Annunciation to Mary inaugurates "the fullness of time", the time of the fulfillment of God's promises and preparations. ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/124/ CCC 484])
 
•The Virgin Mary "cooperated through free faith and obedience in human salvation" (LG 56). She uttered her yes "in the name of all human nature" (St. Thomas Aquinas, STh III, 30, 1). By her obedience she became the new Eve, mother of the living. ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/130/ CCC 511])
|-
|'''For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate,'''
 
'''he suffered death and was buried,'''
 
'''and rose again on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures.'''
 
'''He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father.'''
 
'''He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead'''
 
'''and his kingdom will have no end.'''
|
* For overview of Catholic belief in Christ, see [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/108/ CCC 423]
 
* God's saving plan was accomplished "once for all" by the redemptive death of his Son Jesus Christ. ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/148/ CCC 571])
 
* CHRIST'S REDEMPTIVE DEATH IN GOD'S PLAN OF SALVATION (title, [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/156/ CCC Pt 1, 2,4])
 
* The Scriptures had foretold this divine plan of salvation through the putting to death of "the righteous one, my Servant" as a mystery of universal redemption, that is, as the ransom that would free men from the slavery of sin.([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/156/ CCC 601])
 
* "Christ died and lived again, that he might be Lord both of the dead and of the living.” ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/romans/14?9 Rom 14:9], from [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/176/ CCC 668])
 
* Christ is Lord of eternal life. Full right to pass definitive judgment on the works and hearts of men belongs to him as redeemer of the world. He "acquired" this right by his cross. The Father has given "all judgment to the Son". Yet the Son did not come to judge, but to save and to give the life he has in himself. By rejecting grace in this life, one already judges oneself, receives according to one's works, and can even condemn oneself for all eternity by rejecting the Spirit of love. ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/178/ CCC 679])
|-
| colspan="2" |
 
=== Part 3: The third divine Person, the origin and source of our sanctification ===
|-
|'''I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life,'''
 
'''who proceeds from the Father and the Son,'''
 
'''who with the Father and the Son is adored and glorified,'''
 
'''who has spoken through the prophets.'''
|
* "Holy Spirit" is the proper name of the one whom we adore and glorify with the Father and the Son. The Church has received this name from the Lord and professes it in the Baptism of her new children. ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/184/ CCC 691])
 
* Through his grace, the Holy Spirit is the first to awaken faith in us and to communicate to us the new life, which is to "know the Father and the one whom he has sent, Jesus Christ." ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/180/ CCC 684])
 
* To believe in the Holy Spirit is to profess that the Holy Spirit is one of the persons of the Holy Trinity, consubstantial with the Father and the Son: "with the Father and the Son he is worshipped and glorified.“ ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/182/ CCC 685])
 
* The mission of Christ and the Holy Spirit is brought to completion in the Church, which is the Body of Christ and the Temple of the Holy Spirit. ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/196/ CCC 737])
 
* For the symbols of the Holy Spirit see [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/184/ CCC 694-701]
|-
|'''I believe in one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church.'''
'''I confess one baptism for the forgiveness of sins'''
 
'''and I look forward to the resurrection of the dead'''
 
'''and the life of the world to come.'''
 
'''Amen.'''
|
* To believe that the Church is "holy" and "catholic," and that she is "one" and "apostolic" (as the Nicene Creed adds), is inseparable from belief in God, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/198/ CCC 750])
 
* The Church is both the means and the goal of God's plan: prefigured in creation, prepared for in the Old Covenant, founded by the words and actions of Jesus Christ, fulfilled by his redeeming cross and his Resurrection, the Church has been manifested as the mystery of salvation by the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/206/ CCC 778])
 
* Summary [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/232/ CCC 866-870]:
** '''The Church is one''': she acknowledges one Lord, confesses one faith, is born of one Baptism, forms only one Body, is given life by the one Spirit, for the sake of one hope...
** '''The Church is holy''': the Most Holy God is her author; Christ, her bridegroom, gave himself up to make her holy; the Spirit of holiness gives her life. ... Her holiness shines in the saints; in Mary she is already all-holy.
** '''The Church is catholic''': she proclaims the fullness of the faith. She bears in herself and administers the totality of the means of salvation. She is sent out to all peoples. She speaks to all men. She encompasses all times.
** '''The Church is apostolic'''. She is built on a lasting foundation: "the twelve apostles of the Lamb" ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/revelation/21?14 Rev 21:14]). She is indestructible (cf. [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/16?18 Mt 16:18]). She is upheld infallibly in the truth: Christ governs her through Peter and the other apostles, who are present in their successors, the Pope and the college of bishops.
 
* Faith is necessary for salvation. The Lord himself affirms: "He who believes and is baptized will be saved; but he who does not believe will be condemned" ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/mark/16?16 Mk 16:16] from [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/50/ CCC 183])
 
* All the sacraments, and principally those of Christian initiation, have as their goal the last Passover of the child of God which, through death, leads him into the life of the Kingdom. Then what he confessed in faith and hope will be fulfilled: "I look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come.“ ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/420/ CCC 1680])
|-
|
|
|}
 
== "Our Father" prayer ==
*''oratio Dominica''
*also,  
**"Lord's Prayer"
**"Lord's Prayer"
**''Pater Noster''
**''Pater Noster''
*"taught and given to us by the Lord Jesus." ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/664/ CCC 2765])
*"taught and given to us by the Lord Jesus." ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/664/ CCC 2765])
**
*doxology
*minor doxology
**the Didache (a collection of early Church teachings, c. AD 50-120) taught the Lord's Prayer with an ending minor doxology
"for Thine is the power and the glory for ever" ([https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/didache-roberts.html Didache, Ch. 8])
*>> to do
*>> to do
*Saint Augustine of Hippo:
**https://www.crossroadsinitiative.com/media/articles/ourfatheronthelordsprayer/


== Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit ==
== Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit ==
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