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abbreviated as '''CCC'''
Catechism of the Catholic Church, abbreviated here as '''CCC.''' The "catechism" is the teaching of the church.  This page lists and explains vocabulary that is essential for comprehension of the Catechism.
 
Links:


'''Catechism of the Catholic Church''':
* [https://scborromeo2.org/catechism-of-the-catholic-church '''Catechism of the Catholic Church'''] (html)
* [https://scborromeo2.org/catechism-of-the-catholic-church '''Catechism of the Catholic Church'''] (html)
* [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/ '''Catechism of the Catholic Church'''] (online reader lipbook)
* [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/ '''Catechism of the Catholic Church'''] (online reader lipbook)
>> to do: add sections


* on Church architecture and move vocab there (alter, chancel, nave, sanctuary, etc.)
'''Related pages'''
* parts of the Mass


== Parts of the Mass ==
* The [[Catholic Mass]]
** with the order and parts of the Mass
** explanations for the words and actions of the Liturgies


* Catholic Mass consists of four (4) parts or "liturgies"
* [[Layout of a church]]
** there are 23 different variations of the Mass across orthodox churches
* [[Priestly vestments]]
** they all come from the Apostolic traditions as introduced by Jesus
* see
** [https://www.usccb.org/offices/public-affairs/structure-and-meaning-mass The structure and meaning of the Mass | USCCB]
** [https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_en.html Sacrosanctum concilium (vatican.va)] (Constitution of the Sacred Liturgy)
* notes
** "celebrant" = the priest presiding over Mass
** "liturgy" = divine services


=== Introductory Rites ===
== Names, terms & abbreviations for Christ ==


==== Procession ====
* '''ΑΩ'''
** "the Alpha and the Omega"
** from Book of Revelation:


* Mass begins with the entrance song (or chant)
“I am the Alpha and the Omega,”* says the Lord God, “the one who is and who was and who is to come, the almighty."
** during which the celebrant and ministers enter in procession
([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/revelation/1?8 Rev 1:8])
** the song/ chant is to gather all present to celebrate in unity with Christ and with each other in faith
** Christ comes to us in Word and Sacrament
* celebrants approach the altar show and reverence to it as symbol of Christ with a bow or a kiss upon it
* if there is no song, the '''antiphon''' is read by the Celebrant or Deacon
** the congregants may recite the antiphon as well
** "antiphon" from Latin ''anti-'' (in return, responding, ) + ''phon'' (voice)


==== Greeting ====
** the Alpha and the Omega refer to both Christ the Son and the Father
* '''Chi-Rho'''
** Greek letters C & R for the first two letters of "Christ"
** in Greek alphabet "XP"
** '''ΧΡ'''ΙΣΤΟΣ = "Kristos"
* '''Christ the King'''
** Christ is seated at "the right hand of God" ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/mark/16?19 Mk 16:19] and elsewhere)
* '''Emmanuel'''
** means "God is with us"
** from [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/1?23 Mt 1:23]


* the celebrant greets the congregation with the Sign of the Cross
* '''Good Shepherd'''
** "In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit"
* '''IHS and the "Holy Name of Jesus"'''
** the people respond, "Amen"
** from the prayer, "[https://www.usccb.org/prayers/litany-holy-name-jesus Litany of the Holy Name]"
** IHS = from Greek for "Jesus" (ΙΗΣΟΥΣ), the first letters written out in English as ''Iota, Eta, Sigma''
*** "eta" is the Greek letter for "H"
* '''Jesus'''
** means "God saves"
** from [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/1?20 Mt 1:20-:25]:
Such was his intention when, behold, the angel of the Lord* appeared to him in a dream and said, “Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary your wife into your home. For it is through the holy Spirit that this child has been conceived in her.
She will bear a son and you are to name him Jesus,* because he will save his people from their sins.”
All this took place to fulfill what the Lord had said through the prophet:
  “Behold, the virgin shall be with child and bear a son,
    and they shall name him Emmanuel,”
    which means “God is with us.”
When Joseph awoke, he did as the angel of the Lord had commanded him and took his wife into his home.
He had no relations with her until she bore a son, and he named him Jesus
* "Emmanuel" is from Isaiah's prophesy for the Messiah
* the reference is repeated by Jesus himself after the Resurrection,  
"And behold, I am with you always, until the end of the age."
([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/28?16 Mt 28:16])
* St. Paul wrote to the Philippians,


===== Greeting forms =====
That in the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of those that are in heaven, on earth, and under the earth
A) The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Spirit be with you all
([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/philippians/2?10 Phil 2:10])


B) Grace to you and peace from God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ
* '''Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth'''
* '''''King of kings and Lord of lords'''''
** from [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/1timothy/6?15 1 Tim 6:15] and [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/revelation/17?14 Rev 17:14]
* '''INRI'''
** abbreviation for the Latin "''Iesus Nazarenus, Rex Iudaeorum"'',
*** = "Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews"
*** Pilot had it placed in Latin, Greek and Hebrew above Jesus on the Cross
** note that  "I" is the capitalized "i" not an L
** the Latin alphabet does not contain the letter "J", so "Jesus" is written ''Iesus''
*** same for second I in ''Iudaeorum'' for "Jews"


C) f a Priest: The Lord be with you" or if a Bishop: "Peace be with you"
* '''Lamb of God'''
* '''Messiah'''
** means "savior"
** translated into Greek as "Kristos," thus "Christ" (see below)
* '''Prince of Peace'''
* '''Sacred Heart of Jesus'''


Response: "And with your spirit"
== Glossary: Vocabulary & Terms for Catholic Catechism ==
notes on vocabulary list


* the Greeting is from John 20:19-23: Jesus appears in the upper room and says, "Peace be with you," then breathes on them, saying, "Receive the Holy Spirit"
* this list is generated for purposes of catechism
** (then delivers the "the Great Commission")
* many terms are useful, but not essential for underestanding of the faith
* the vocab list is purely alphabetical, so order is unrelated to importance or meaning
*here for a [https://www.usccb.org/resources/Reformed-Catholic%20Dialogue%20Round%208%20Final%20A%20VERSION%20October%202020%202_0.pdf Glossary of terms] from the USCCB
Abbreviations


* the priest offers a prayer
* See [[Books of the Bible with abbreviations|Abbreviations of the Books of the Bible]]
* notes on the Greeting
* CCC = Catechism of the Catholic Church
**
* USCCB = United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
** all links go to USCCB website


==== Penitential Act ====
=== A ===


* the purpose is for the faithful recall their sins and place their trust in God's mercy
==== Aa ====
* the Penitential Act has four parts:
* '''adoration'''
*# invitation to the faithful by the Priest
** divine worship
*# a pause for silence
** as in "Adoration of the Cross", for veneration of the Cross
*# the prayer
** ''ad-'' (to) + ''ōrare'' (pray)
*# absolution by the Priest.
* the prayer may be led by the Priest ("God have mercy") or recited in full by the faithful
** called the ''confiteor''
 
I confess to almighty God
and to you, my brothers and sisters,
that I have greatly sinned,
in my thoughts and in my words,
in what I have done and in what I have failed to do,
through my fault, through my fault,
through my most grievous fault;
therefore I ask blessed Mary ever-Virgin,
all the Angels and Saints, and you, my brothers and sisters,
to pray for me to the Lord our God
 
==== ''Kyrie Eleison'' ====
 
* if the ''confiteor'' is not recited, the Priest will speak Kyrie Eleison as part of the Penitential Act
* otherwise, the congregants will sing or recite
** ''Lord have mercy, Christ have mercy, Lord have mercy''
** ''Kyrie Eleison, Christe Eleison, Kyrie Eleison''
*** note that this is the only use of Greek in the Mass
 
==== Glory to God ====
 
* ''Gloria in Excelsis''
* "Glory to God in the highest"
** recognizes God’s presence
** and the faithful may use this time to call to mind their intentions
 
==== Collect ====
 
* after the "Gloria" the priest calls the congregation to pray
** and observes a moment of silence
* then recites "the Collect"
** sometimes referred to as the "opening prayer", although it closes the fist part of the Introductory Rites
* the Collect has five parts:
*# Invocation: to one of the persons of the Trinity
*# Acknowledgement: of the divine attributes of that person of the Trinity
*# Petition: for a specific purpose
*# Aspiration: a call for the result or purpose of the petition
*# Pleading:
*#* Conclusion invoking the mediation of Christ
*#* Amen: response by the faithful
 
* sources:
** [https://stmaryoldtown.org/wp-content/uploads/Mass-Guide-digital.pdf Mass-Guide-digital.pdf (stmaryoldtown.org)]
** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQfiwW52tmI&list=PLwz9H-zVK86TTXki3KR5rK16gLW6Q9GC1&index=2 The Mass Explained | All Parts (4K) - YouTube]
** [https://www.catholicherald.com/article/local/the-mass-explained/ The Mass explained - Arlington Catholic Herald]
** [https://www.catholicherald.com/article/local/the-eucharist-explained/ The Eucharist explained - Arlington Catholic Herald]
 
=== Liturgy of the Word ===
 
=== Liturgy of the Eucharist ===
 
==== Eucharist \ ====
 
* the “work of human hands,” “fruit of the vine”  = gifts of the Creator (CCC 1333)
* "It is the very action of Christ at the Las Supper - 'taking the bread and a cup'" (CCC 1350)
 
After the Liturgy of the Wrd, the Priest invites the faithful to join the sacrifice
 
"Lift up your hearts"
 
* "And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all men to myself" (Jn 12:32)
* think of saintly levitation as a heart so filled with God, it lifts the body up with it towards God
 
"We lift up our hearts"
 
Give thanks to the Lord our God
 
It is right and just
 
* "It is right and just to entrust oneself wholly to God and to believe absolutely what he says. It would be futile and false to place such faith in a creature" (CCC 150)
 
[https://www.catholicherald.com/article/columns/right-and-just/ Right and just - Arlington Catholic Herald]
 
==== Eucharistic prayer ====
 
* prayer of thanksgiving
** invination to join together with Christ
* '''Sanctus'''
** "holy holy holy" as the cherubin sing in constant praise of God
** the priest calls down the Holy Spirit to consecrate the bread and wine
* '''Words of the Last Supper'''
* '''Mystery of faith'''
** the three proclamations of faith
* '''Concluding doxology'''
* '''Great Amen'''
 
==== Our Father ====
 
* ''oratio Dominica''
* > see CCC 2761
 
== Layout of a Church ==
[[File:Old St Peters Basilica plan.png|thumb|Plan of Old St Peter's Basilica, showing atrium (courtyard), narthex (vestibule), central nave with double aisles, a bema for the clergy extending into a transept, and an exedra or semi-circular apse.]][[File:Transept1.png|thumb|Cathedral ground plan. The shaded area is the transept; the darker shading at the centre represents the crossing.]]
* '''altar'''
** from Latin ''altare'' for "high place for sacrifice"
*** perhaps from combination of ''adolere'' for "sacrifice by burning"
*** + altus for "high"
 
* the alter is in the "sanctuary" and is where the "word of God" is proclaimed
 
* '''apse'''
** rounded area at the back of the sanctuary
** placed in the liturgical east end of the church
* '''catacomb'''
** "Sepulchral vaults" = underground burial tombs
** from Latin ''cata tumbas'' "among the graves"
*** ''cata'' = among + ''comb'' = graves or tombs
**** derived from Latin ''cumbere'' "to lie:
** unrelated to "catechism"
* '''cathedra'''
** the raised throne, or seat, for the bishop
** from Latin ''cathedra'' for "arm chair"
* '''chancel'''
** the enclosed area that marks the sanctuary of a church
** from Latin ''cancelli'' for "grating," "bars"
* '''Crucifix formats'''
** ''Cruciform''
*** Christ crucified, usually depicted as having suffered and dead
*** may not always be in death
**** the spear or spear wound indicates Christ as dead, since the Roman soldier speared him to ensure that he was dead (water and blood flowed out, like from the temple of Jerusalem)
** ''Resurrectiform''
*** Christ resurrected and triumphant
 
* '''cruciform (church building)'''
** = a church laid out in the shape of a cross
 
* '''Liturgical east and west'''
** regards the orientation of a church
** the alter is traditionally placed at the east end of the church
** when the congregation faces east towards the alter, it is "Liturgical east"
** regardless of the actual orientation of a church, east is the direction towards the alter, and west is the other end
*** thus the "back" is the "west end"
* '''narthex'''
** the immediate area by the entrance to the Nave
** might be called a "lobby" in secular terms
** traditionally, the narthex marks the close space between the atrium (front courtyard) and the nave
** may also be referred to as a "vestibule," which in Roman architecture was a lobby and entranceway
* '''nave'''
** the interior area of a church where the parishioners worship (w/ the pews)
*** as distinct from the "bema", which is the raised area upon which the alter resides
** "nave" = "ship" in Latin
*** from PIE '''*nau-''' for "boat" (thus "navy" in English)
* '''niche'''
** a recess or built-in area along a wall
*** usually contains a statue
** is usually dome-shaped at the top like an apse
*'''sanctuary'''
**also called '''presbytery'''
**the holy area of a church around the alter and where God resides
**= the area reserved for the priests
**it is sometimes marked off by a '''chancel''', which is enclosed by bars or grating
*'''tabernacle'''
**"sacred house"
**the container for the Eucharist (the consecrated communion hosts)
*'''transept'''
**the area of a cruciform church that marks the horizontal bar of the cross
 
== Priestly vestments ==
cope
 
chasuble
 
liturgical color
 
black -= to show poverty, simplicity... adding colors is showing wealth
 
>> see Basilica "Mass explained" for how priests prepare their dress for mass: [https://vimeo.com/647791853 Mass Explained — November 29, 2021 on Vimeo]
 
== Vocabulary ==
=== A ===
* '''Advent'''
* '''Advent'''
** "the important coming"
** "the important coming"
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** ''ad-'' (into) + ''vent'' (from ''vinere'', "to come") = "into coming"  
** ''ad-'' (into) + ''vent'' (from ''vinere'', "to come") = "into coming"  
*** ''vinere'' from [[PIE proto-Indo-European language|PIE]] root '''*gwa-''' "to go, come")
*** ''vinere'' from [[PIE proto-Indo-European language|PIE]] root '''*gwa-''' "to go, come")
* '''alleluia'''  
* '''''Alleluia'''''  
** from Hebrew ''hallelu-ya'' for "praise Jehovah"
** "Praise the Lord" from Hebrew ''hallelu-ya'' for "praise Jehovah"  
* '''alms'''
* '''alms / almsgiving'''  
* '''almsgiving'''
** something given as charity for the poor
** charity for the poor
** an act of mercy
** from proto-German for charity for the poor
** from OE ''ælmesse'' "charity for the poor"
*** but related to Greek  ''eleēmosynē''  for "pity, mercy"
*** related to Greek  ''eleēmosynē''  for "pity, mercy", itself from the root ''eleos''
* '''alpha & omega, then'''
* '''Alpha & Omega, the'''
** the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet
** the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet
** from Revelation, 1:8:  
** from Revelation, 1:8:  
  I am the Alpha and the Omega, ''the'' Beginning and ''the'' End' says the Lord, who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty
  I am the Alpha and the Omega, ''the'' Beginning and ''the'' End' says the Lord, who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty
* '''altar'''
** table upon which a sacrifice is made
*** from Latin ''adolere'' "to worship, offer or burn sacrifice/s
**** related to Latin ''altus'' for "high."
** in Church and the Mass, the altar is both "the altar of the sacrifice and the table of the Lord ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/350/ CCC 1383])
* '''amen'''
* '''amen'''
** "so be it"
** "so be it"
** from Hebrew ''amen'' for "truth"
** from Hebrew ''amen'' for "truth"
*** used to affirm a truth
*** used to affirm a truth
** from CCC 2856 "Then, after the prayer is over you say 'Amen,' which means 'So be it,' thus ratifying with our 'Amen' what is contained in the prayer that God has taught us."
** Jesus frequently states, "Verily, verily, I say to you" (also translated as, "Amen, amen I say to you"; as in  [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/john/6:26 Jn 6:26])
** Paul in 1 Corinthians (1:20) explains:  
*** or "Amen, I say to you" ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/5?18 Mt. 5:18])
** from [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/688/ CCC 2856]:
*** "Then, after the prayer is over you say 'Amen,' which means 'So be it,' thus ratifying with our 'Amen' what is contained in the prayer that God has taught us."
** Paul in [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/1corinthians/1?20 1 Corinthians 1:20] explains:  
*** "all the promises of God find their Yes in him [Christ]. That is why we utter Amen through him, to the glory of God"
*** "all the promises of God find their Yes in him [Christ]. That is why we utter Amen through him, to the glory of God"
* '''''anagogue'''''
* '''''anagogue / anagogical'''''
** Greek for "leading"
** Greek for "leading"
** "anagogical sense" of building faith / understanding the scriptures
** "anagogical sense" of building faith / understanding the scriptures
Line 270: Line 137:
* '''''anamnesis'''''
* '''''anamnesis'''''
** making present
** making present
** as in the presence of Christ in the Gospel reading during the Liturgy of the Word
** as in the presence of Christ in the Gospel reading during the Liturgy of the Word or the Eucharistic Prayer during the Liturgy of the Eucharist
* '''''anaphora'''''
** ''ana-'' (back, through) + phora (bear, carry)
*** from Greek ''pherein'' "to bear"
*** PIE root '''*bher-''' "to carry"
** in literature, literary technique of the use of repetition
** in the Mass, ''anaphora'' refers to the entire Eucharistic Prayer
* '''angel'''
* '''angel'''
** "messenger from God"
** "messenger from God"
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*** Latin  ''in-'' "in, into" + ''unguere'' "to smear"
*** Latin  ''in-'' "in, into" + ''unguere'' "to smear"
** to anoint = to confer divinity or divine office
** to anoint = to confer divinity or divine office
** "Christ" means "the anointed one"
** the Holy Spirit anointed Christ to show he was the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies
** the Holy Spirit anointed Christ to show he was the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies
** Christ can be thought of as "appointed", as in he was "anointed" by God and the Spirit of God for his mission to save humankind
==== Ap ====
* '''apocryphia'''
* '''apocryphia'''
** religious texts of unknown or dubious origin
** religious texts of unknown or dubious origin
** are not included in the Holy scripture
** thus are not included in the Holy scripture
*** Protestants call the Deuterocanonical books "apocryphia"
* '''apologia / apologetics'''
* '''apologia / apologetics'''
** in defense or justification of faith
** in defense or justification of faith
Line 299: Line 177:
** from Greek ''apostasia'', "defection, desertion, rebellion,"  
** from Greek ''apostasia'', "defection, desertion, rebellion,"  
*** PIE '''*apo-''' (off, away from) + PIE '''*sta-''' (to stand, make/ be firm) = ''away from the place''
*** PIE '''*apo-''' (off, away from) + PIE '''*sta-''' (to stand, make/ be firm) = ''away from the place''
** the early Church struggled with re-acceptance into the Church of "apostates"
*** or those who had committed sins
*** or, worse, who had yielded to Roman pressure to show allegeance to Ceasar over Christ
* '''apostle'''
* '''apostle'''
** "one who is sent"
** "one who is sent"
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** Paul was also called an apostle, given his special mission as "apostle to the gentiles" (sent by Jesus Christ after the resurrection)
** Paul was also called an apostle, given his special mission as "apostle to the gentiles" (sent by Jesus Christ after the resurrection)
* '''apostolic'''
* '''apostolic'''
* archangel
** "of an apostle" or for the purpose of teaching the Word
* '''archangel'''
** ''arch-'' = "chief"
** ''arch-'' = "chief"
* '''Ascension'''
* '''Ascension'''
** the rising of the Lord Jesus Christ to heaven at Mount Olivet forty days after His Resurrection
* '''''aseitas'''''
* '''''aseitas'''''
** from Latin ''ab-'' (from) ''se'' (self)
** from Latin ''ab-'' (from) ''se'' (self)
Line 317: Line 201:
** from Latin ''ad-'' (to) + ''spagere'' (sprinkle)
** from Latin ''ad-'' (to) + ''spagere'' (sprinkle)
* '''Assumption'''
* '''Assumption'''
** the taking of the whole body of the Blessed Virgin Mary directly into heaven
* '''atonement'''
* '''atonement'''
** salvation through the Passion and the Cross
** salvation through the Passion and the Cross
Line 322: Line 207:
** atone = '''''ad''''' (into) ''+ '''one''''' = making one, in harmony, united
** atone = '''''ad''''' (into) ''+ '''one''''' = making one, in harmony, united
=== B ===
=== B ===
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:50%; margin-left: 10px;"
|+
! The Beatitudes
|-
|The Beatitudes are at the heart of Jesus' preaching. They take up the promises made to the chosen people since Abraham. The Beatitudes fulfill the promises by ordering them no longer merely to the possession of a territory, but to the Kingdom of heaven ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/428/ CCC 1717]):
|-
|
* Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
* Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted.
* Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth.
* Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied.
* Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy.
* Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God.
* Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God.
* Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
* Blessed are you when men revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you falsely on my account.
* Rejoice and be glad, for your reward is great in heaven.


* '''beatific'''
|-
** = blissful, imparting of bliss
|}
** from Latin ''beatus'' for "blessed, happiness"
* '''beatify'''
*** >> see https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=beatific
** to pronounce in heavenly bliss
* '''Beatitude'''
*** i.e., to pronounce a saint
*** from Latin ''beatus'' for "supremely happy, blessed"
** '''beatification''' is a process by which the Church declares someone a Satint
* '''beatitude'''
** syn: happiness
** syn: happiness
** CCC 1716
** CCC 1716
** from the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5)
** from the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5)
** the quest for happiness
** the quest for happiness
** from Latin ''beatitudinem'' for "state of blessedness"
** '''beatific'''
*** = blissful, imparting of bliss
*** from Latin ''beatus'' for "blessed, happiness"
* '''bema'''
* '''bema'''
** the platform, or raised area, upon which the alter resides
** the platform, or raised area, upon which the alter resides
Line 338: Line 248:
** in Jewish synagogues the Torah is read from the ''bema'' or ''bimah''
** in Jewish synagogues the Torah is read from the ''bema'' or ''bimah''
*** the Hebrew word "bimah" is derived from the Greek ''bēma''  
*** the Hebrew word "bimah" is derived from the Greek ''bēma''  
* '''bless / blessing'''
 
** bless = "to make holy, give thanks"
* '''Bible'''
*** from OE ''blod'' for blood
** "holy books"
**** PIE '''*bhel-''' "to thrive, bloom
*** from ''biblion'' for "paper, scroll"
** blessing = "gift from God"
*** origin is from "''byblos"'' for Egyptian papyrus
*** also, "that which gives temporal or spiritual benefit"
**** likely adopted in Greece from the city of Byblios which traded with ancient Greece
** from ME ''blessinge'' and OE ''bletsunga''
***** and thereby supplied Egyptian papyrus
** Latin ''immolare'' for "immolate" or "sacrifice"
** note that the Catholic Church refers to the "holy books" as "Sacred Scripture" rather than "Bible"  
*** the relationship is from pagan sacrifice where blood is sprinkled on an alter
*** so "to bless" originates from a ritual act to an invocation of God's blessings
* '''bishop'''
* '''bishop'''
** >> see CCC 888
** with priests, primary task is "to preach the Gospel of God to all men"
** "authentic leaders of the apololistic faith" (CCC 888)
** Bishops are spiritual descendants of the apostle
** from Greek ''episkopos''  for "watcher, spiritual guardian"
*** ''epi-'' (over) + ''skopos'' (one that watches)
**** from PIE '''*spek-''' "to observe"
 
'''bless / blessing'''
* bless = "to make holy, give thanks"
** from OE ''blod'' for blood
*** PIE '''*bhel-''' "to thrive, bloom
* blessing = "gift from God"
** also, "that which gives temporal or spiritual benefit"
* from ME ''blessinge'' and OE ''bletsunga''
* Latin ''immolare'' for "immolate" or "sacrifice"
** the relationship is from pagan sacrifice where blood is sprinkled on an alter
** so "to bless" originates from a ritual act to an invocation of God's blessings
* "Blessing" is state of "beatitude"
Blessing is a divine and life-giving action, the source of which is the Father; his blessing is both word and gift. When applied to man, the word "blessing" means adoration and surrender to his Creator in thanksgiving. ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/282/ CCC 1078])
* '''blessed'''
**made holy, consecrated
**or, the state of holiness, well-being and in joy with God
***from Latin ''benedicere'' and Greek ''eulogein''
***related to the verb, "beatify"
**so why do we say, "Blessed be God forever" ?
***from Latin ''Benedictus Deus in saecul''
***means "God should be forever praised"
**when we say "Blessed be Mary and Joseph"
*** we are saying, "praise Mary and Joseph, they are holy forever"
** when we say to each other, "God bless you"
*** we are asking God to give blessings to someone
*** or for God to favor that person
* '''bridegroom'''
* '''bridegroom'''
** groom
** groom
** in the Covenant, Jesus  
** in the Covenant, Jesus


=== C ===
=== C ===


==== Ca ====
==== Ca ====
* '''Calvary'''
** the hill to the west of Jerusalem where Jesus was crucified
*** formally, "The Mount of Calvary"
** Calvary = "place of the skull" ("Golgotha")
*** perhaps called that because of the shape of the hill
* '''canon'''
* '''canon'''
** "a list"
** "a list"
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**** the Deuterocanonical books were affirmed by the Catholic Church starting with the Synod of Hippo in 393
**** the Deuterocanonical books were affirmed by the Catholic Church starting with the Synod of Hippo in 393
* '''cardinal'''
* '''cardinal'''
* cardinal sin
** from Greek for "pivotal" (as in a hinge)
** thus Latin ''cardo or cardinis'' for "that upon which something depends"
** uses and forms of the word include
*** the office of the "'''Cardinal'''"
**** members (up to 70) of the Sacred College appointed by the Pope whose job is to advise the Pope, govern in conjunction with the Pope and elect a new Pope
**** Cardinals are usually but not required to be Bishops
**** "'''cardinal virtues'''"
***** = the key virtues needed for moral and beatific life: ''prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance''
**** "'''cardinal sins'''"
***** mortal sins; also called the "Seven Deadly Sins" that lead to damnation
 
* '''casuistri'''
* '''casuistri'''
** << see CCC 579
** << see CCC 579
* '''catechesis'''
* '''catechesis'''  
** from ''Catechesi Tradendae'' by John Paul II:
** religious instruction, teaching
** from ''[https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_jp-ii_exh_16101979_catechesi-tradendae.html Catechesi Tradendae]'' by Saint Pope John Paul II:
  The primary and essential object of catechesis is, to use an expression dear to St. Paul and also to contemporary theology, "the mystery of Christ." Catechizing is in a way to lead a person to study this mystery in all its dimensions: "to make all men see what is the plan of the mystery...comprehend with all the saints what is the breadth and length and height and depth ...know the love of Christ which surpasses knowledge...(and be filled) with all the fullness of God." It is therefore to reveal in the Person of Christ the whole of God's eternal design reaching fulfillment in that Person. It is to seek to understand the meaning of Christ's actions and words and of the signs worked by Him, for they simultaneously hide and reveal His mystery. Accordingly, the definitive aim of catechesis is to put people not only in touch but in communion, in intimacy, with Jesus Christ: only He can lead us to the love of the Father in the Spirit and make us share in the life of the Holy Trinity.
  The primary and essential object of catechesis is, to use an expression dear to St. Paul and also to contemporary theology, "the mystery of Christ." Catechizing is in a way to lead a person to study this mystery in all its dimensions: "to make all men see what is the plan of the mystery...comprehend with all the saints what is the breadth and length and height and depth ...know the love of Christ which surpasses knowledge...(and be filled) with all the fullness of God." It is therefore to reveal in the Person of Christ the whole of God's eternal design reaching fulfillment in that Person. It is to seek to understand the meaning of Christ's actions and words and of the signs worked by Him, for they simultaneously hide and reveal His mystery. Accordingly, the definitive aim of catechesis is to put people not only in touch but in communion, in intimacy, with Jesus Christ: only He can lead us to the love of the Father in the Spirit and make us share in the life of the Holy Trinity.
* '''catechism'''
* '''catechism'''
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**** which is from ''katekhizein'' "to teacher oraly, instruct by word of mouth" which is from Greek ''katekhein'' "to resound"
**** which is from ''katekhizein'' "to teacher oraly, instruct by word of mouth" which is from Greek ''katekhein'' "to resound"
*** thus "catechism" maintains an element of joyful echoes from ''katekhein'' "to resound"
*** thus "catechism" maintains an element of joyful echoes from ''katekhein'' "to resound"
** from Greek ''kata'' (down, thoroughly) + ''ekhein'' (to ring, to sound)
** from Greek ''kata'' (down, thoroughly) + ''ekhein'' (to ring, to resound, echo)
*** PIE '''*(s)wagh-''' to resound, echo
*** PIE '''*(s)wagh-''' to resound, echo
* '''catechist / catechumen'''
* '''catechist / catechumen'''
** ''catechist'' is the teacher of the catechesis
** ''catechist'' is the teacher of the catechesis
** ''catechumen'' is the student
** ''catechumen'' is the student
* '''cathedra / cathedral'''
* '''cathedral'''
** church of a bishop
** church of a bishop
** note: cardinals are assigned a church in Rome, but keep their home cathedra
*** note: cardinals are assigned a church in Rome, but keep their home cathedra
** from Latin ''cathedra'' for "a teacher's chair"
*** thus the seat of the Bishop
*** in a church, the '''cathedra''' is the seat used only by the Bishop
** Greek ''kata'' "down" + ''hedra'' "seat, base, chair"
*** from PIE '''*sed-''' "to sit"
* '''catholic'''
* '''catholic'''
** universal, universally accepted
** universal, universally accepted
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*** "Christos" in Greek (Χριστός)
*** "Christos" in Greek (Χριστός)
** "Christ" signifies Jesus' divine mission
** "Christ" signifies Jesus' divine mission
**
* '''Christian / Christians'''
* '''Christian / Christians'''
** "follower of Christ"
** "follower of Christ"
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** "Chi", written "X", is the "chiasmus" (symbol) for the cross
** "Chi", written "X", is the "chiasmus" (symbol) for the cross
* '''church'''
* '''church'''
** from Latin ''ecclesia'' and Greek ''ekkalein'' for "to call out"  
** a "convocation" or "assembly" especially for religious purposes
** related to Latin ''ecclesia'' and Greek ''ekkalein'' for "to call out"  
*** from [[PIE proto-Indo-European language|PIE]] '''*kele-''' "to shout"
*** from [[PIE proto-Indo-European language|PIE]] '''*kele-''' "to shout"
** but the call is to gather, as in Greek ''ekklēsía which m''eans "assembly"
** the call is to gather, as in Greek ''ekklēsía'' which means "assembly"
** thus the Christian "assembly of the Chosen people before God"
** derived directly from Greek ''Kyriake'' for "what belongs to God"
*** or ''kyriakon'' for "of the Lord"
** thus ''ekklēsía'' (church) = "the assembly of the Chosen people before God"
*** especially regarding Mt. Sanai, where Israel was given the Law
*** especially regarding Mt. Sanai, where Israel was given the Law
*** Christian use of "church" is "as heir to that assembly
*** Christian use of "church" is "as heir to that assembly
*** per and see CCC 751
** see [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/198/ CCC 751])
** ''note: ekklēsía'' is related to the Greek translation of the Hebrew "Qahal" which is a reference to the ancient Jewish equivalent of "church" or "church organization"


==== Co ====
==== Co ====
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**"compliment" as in "mutually completing"
**"compliment" as in "mutually completing"
**man and woman
**man and woman
*'''''Concordate'''''
**"Biblical concordance" or "verbal concordance"
**= a list of every word that appears in the OT and NT Bibles in alphabetical order
***with a references as to where the word appears
**first complied by the Dominican order using the Latin Vulgate bible
*'''concupiscence'''
*'''concupiscence'''
**propensity towards sin and death
**propensity towards sin and death
***''fomes peccati --'' "the tinder for sin" ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/324/ CCC 1264])
**''con'' (with) + ''cupere'' (desire) ''-ense'' (in the state of)
**"Human appetites or desires which remain disordered due to the temporal consequences of original sin, which remain even after Baptism and which produce an inclination to sin" ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/874/ CCC Glossary]; see [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/324/ CCC 1264])
*'''confess'''
*'''confess'''
**''con'' = wtih + ''fess'' from Latin fateri = "to admit"
**''con'' = wtih + ''fess'' from Latin fateri = "to admit"
***from PIE '''*bha-''' "to speak, tell, say"
***from PIE '''*bha-''' "to speak, tell, say"
***Latin ''confiteri'' = "to acknowledge"
***Latin ''confiteri'' = "to acknowledge"
* '''concupiscence'''
 
** man's inclination towards sin
*'''Confirmation, sacrament of'''
** ''con'' (with) + ''cupere'' (desire) ''-ense'' (in the state of)
**the sacrament (rite) by which the baptized more fully join the Catholic Church
*'''confirmation'''
**"the reception of the sacrament of Confirmation is necessary for the completion of baptismal grace" ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/326/ CCC 1285])
**
***''con'' (with) + ''firmare'' (strengthen, make strong)
***''firmare'' from PIE '''*dher-''' "to hold firmly, support"
**"Confirmation" per the  ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/874/ CCC Glossary]):
Confirmation completes the grace of Baptism by a special outpouring of the gifts of the Holy Spirit, which seal of "confirm" the baptized in union with Christ and equip them for active participation in the worship and apostolic life of the Church.
 
*'''consecrate'''
*'''consecrate'''
**"consecrated elements, such as the bread and wine in the Eucharist
**to make holy
**''con'' = with
**"consecrated elements" = such as the bread and wine in the Eucharist
**''con-'' (with) + ''secrare'' (Latin for sacred)
 
*'''consubstantial'''
The Incarnation of God's Son reveals that God is the eternal Father and that the Son is consubstantial with the Father, which means that, in the Father and with the Father the Son is one and the same God. ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/70/ CCC 262])
*'''covenant'''
*'''covenant'''
**from "to cut"
**covenant = "a promise, agreement"
***God never breaks his side of the bargain
**from Latin ''convenire'' for "come together, unite, agree"
***so cannot be cut or separated
**sacrifice is to repair the covenant


==== Cr ====
==== Cr ====
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**"ten words"
**"ten words"
**the Ten Commandments
**the Ten Commandments
*'''deuterocanonical books'''
*'''Deposit of Faith, the'''
**Martin Luther excluded the books of Hebrews, James, Jude and Revelation from his canon (list of divine scripture
**''depositum fidei''
***because he claimed these books contradicted ''sola gratia'' (salvation by grace alone) and ''sola fide'' (justification by faith alone)
**= Sacred Scripture + Sacred Tradition
***Protestant doctrines of justification and salvation are called the "five ''solae''"
***does not include private revelation
*'''diabolic'''
**see [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/28/ CCC 84]
**devilish, of satan
*'''Deuterocanonical books'''
**from Greek ''diabolikos'' for "thrown across", as in throwing apart
**see entry in below section on the Bible
**"devil" originates from the Greek ''diaballein''
 
***from ''diaballein'' = ''dia-'' "across, through" + ''ballein'' "to throw" (PIE root '''*gwele-''' "to throw, reach"
*'''Devil, the / diabolic'''
**for the opposite, see '''symbiotic'''
**= Satan (see entry below)
***"devilish" = of Satan
**from the Greek ''diaballein''
***= ''dia-'' "across, through" + ''ballein'' "to throw" (PIE root '''*gwele-''' "to throw, reach")
**and ''diabolikos'' for "thrown across", as in throwing apart  
***i.e., "to separate", "separation"
***for the opposite, see '''symbiotic'''
*'''diocese'''
**district or region under control of a Bishop
**Greek ''dia-'' ("throughout") + ''oikos'' (house)
***''oikos'' from PIE root '''*weik-''' for "clan"
*'''disordered'''
**''dis-'' (against) + ''order'' (command)
***order from PIE '''*arə--''' for "fit together"
**used in terms of disordered
***''appetites, desires, passions,''
****= those that go against what we are created for by "command" of God
*'''divine'''
**"of God"
**from Latin ''divinus''
***PIE '''*dyeu-''' "to shine," as in "sky, heaven, god"
 
*'''doctrine'''
*'''doctrine'''
**that which has been taught
**that which has been taught
**from PIE root '''*dek-'''  for "to take, accept."
**from PIE root '''*dek-'''  for "to take, accept."
*'''dogma'''
**a settled opinion or belief system,
**i.e. the beliefs of the Church
**Catholic dogma is expressed in the Catechism of the Catholic Church
**Greek ''dogma'' ("opinion, tenet" "from ''dokein'' for "to seem, to think, to accept"
***PIE '''*dek-''' "to take, to accept"
***related do ''doxa''
*'''dome'''
*'''dome'''
**from Genesis, what is above the waters, i.e., "heaven"
**from Genesis, what is above the waters, i.e., "heaven"
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** followed by the "Great Amen"
** followed by the "Great Amen"


=== E ===  
=== E ===
*'''ecclesia'''
 
**from Greek for gathering
==== Ec ====
***-= church << to do
*'''ecclesia/ ecclesiastic'''
**ecclesia = church
***from Greek for gathering (see "church" below)
**so ecclesiastic = "of" or "having to do with" the church
*'''ecclesiology'''
*'''ecclesiology'''
**study of or belief system regarding the Church and its nature
**study of or belief system regarding the Church and its nature
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***regards all things related to end of times, including death, judgment, resurrection, heaven, purgatory, hell
***regards all things related to end of times, including death, judgment, resurrection, heaven, purgatory, hell
***referenced in the Creed
***referenced in the Creed
**from Greek ''eskhatos'' for "last, furthest" in time, space, degree  
**from Greek ''eskhatos'' for "last, furthest" in time, space, degree
**from PIE '''*ehgs-''' for "out" ('''eghs-ko-)''',+ ''-ology'' (study of, branch of knowledge, from Greek ''-logia'')
**from PIE '''*ehgs-''' for "out" ('''eghs-ko-)''',+ ''-ology'' (study of, branch of knowledge, from Greek ''-logia'')
*'''economy'''
*'''economy'''
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*'''ecumenical council'''
*'''ecumenical council'''
*'''elder'''
*'''elder'''
**<< originally priest << to confirm
**generally, "one who has authority" in a community
**from OE ''eald'', ''ald'' for "old"
**in the early Church, elders were those who taught and preached the Gospel
 
==== Em ====
*'''Emmanuel'''
*'''Emmanuel'''
**name for Jesus in Matthew 1:23
**means "God-with-us"
**means "God-with-us"
***= reference to House of David
**from Matthew 1:20-23:
***after telling Joseph that Mary will bear a son "and you are to name him Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins" ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/1:23 Mt 1:21])
***Matthew explains
All this took place to fulfill what the Lord had said through the prophet:
“Behold, the virgin shall be with child and bear a son, and they shall name him Emmanuel, which means “God is with us.”
  [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/1:23 Mt 1:23]
**"Emmanuel" is a synonymous reference to but not the given name for Jesus (which was given him at his circumcision; see [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/luke/2:21 Lk 2:21])
***Emmanuel is a reference to House of David and fulfillment of God's promise to restore Judah in [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/isaiah/7?14 Isaiah 7:14]
**see "Jesus" entry below
**see "Jesus" entry below
*'''Epiclesis'''
*'''Epiclesis'''
**the Eucharistic prayer calling down the Holy Spirit to transform the bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ
**the Eucharistic prayer calling down the Holy Spirit to transform the bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ
**Greek for "invocation" or "appeal"
*'''Epiphany'''
*'''Epiphany'''
**the manifestation of Christ to the gentiles. as represented by the Magi (Matthew 2:1–12)
**the manifestation of Christ to the gentiles. as represented by the Magi (Matthew 2:1–12)
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**related to "shepherd"
**related to "shepherd"
*'''Epistle'''
*'''Epistle'''
**letters
**"a letter"
**from Greek ''epi-'' (to) + ''stellei'' (to dispatch or send)
***PIE '''*stel-''' "to put, stand, put in order"
*'''etymology'''
**study of the origins of words
**from Greek ''etymologia'' for "analysis to find true origin of a word"
***''etymon = (''true sense) + -''logy (''"word")
 
==== Eu ====
*'''Eucharist'''
*'''Eucharist'''
**sacrament of the Last Supper
**sacrament of the Last Supper
***from Latin ''eucharistia'' and Greek ''eukharistia'' for "thanksgiving, gratitude"
***from Latin ''eucharistia'' and Greek ''eukharistia'' for "thanksgiving, gratitude"
***eu = Greek for "good or well " + ''kharis'' "favor, grace"
***''eu-'' = Greek for "good or well " + ''kharis'' "favor, grace"
****thus includes a sense of "thankfulness", "to be thankful"
****drawing from sense of the verb ''kharizesthai'' "to show favor"
****thus "thankfulness" or "to be thankful"
***additional sense, used by St. Paul in 2 Cor 16:
***"The Greek words ''eucharistein'' and ''eulogein'' recall the Jewish blessings that proclaim - especially during a meal - God's works: creation, redemption, and sanctification." ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/336/ CCC 1328])
***'''Eukharistia''' = "the Lord's Supper"
***'''Eukharistia''' = "the Lord's Supper"
**while the Gree word "kharis" (χάρις) means "grace," St. Paul used it in the sense of thanksgiving in [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/2corinthians/8?16 2 Cor 8:16]
But thanks [χάρις] be to God who put the same concern for you into the heart of Titus
*'''Eucharistic''' = of or pertaining to the Eucharist or the Liturgy of the Eucharist
** regarding the eucharistic host:
***'''host''' = the consecrated  Bread (body of Christ)
***'''monstrance =''' a vessel, or container, with door open or transparent cover that displays the consecrated Eucharist for adoration
*** '''tabernacle''' = used to store consecrated hosts outside of mass
* '''evangel'''
* '''evangel'''
** = the gospel/ "the good news"
** = the gospel/ "the good news"
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  And whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted"  
  And whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted"  
  (Matthew 23:10-12).
  (Matthew 23:10-12).
* '''exult'''
** "to exalt" = to feel or show triumph, elation, jubilation
*** literally "to jump with joy"
*** ex- (out) + ''salire'' (to leap)
* '''exegesis'''
* '''exegesis'''
** explanation, interpretation
** explanation, interpretation
Line 621: Line 661:
** ''= ex-'' (from, out of) + ''piare'' (propitiate, appease)
** ''= ex-'' (from, out of) + ''piare'' (propitiate, appease)
*** ''piare'' from PIE '''*leu-''' "to loosen, divide, cut apart"
*** ''piare'' from PIE '''*leu-''' "to loosen, divide, cut apart"
 
'''exult'''
* "to exalt" = to feel or show triumph, elation, jubilation
** literally "to jump with joy"
** ex- (out) + ''salire'' (to leap)
=== F ===  
=== F ===  
* '''"fullness of the mystery"'''
* '''"fullness of the mystery"'''
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** see JPII p. 50  
** see JPII p. 50  
=== G ===
=== G ===
* '''generation'''
** "this generation" = those currently alive who are from a lineage of a people/ families/ tribes/ nations
** "generations" = the past lines of people, passed on by their parents and their parents, etc.
** from ''generare'' "to bring forth, beget, produce"
*** from ''genus'' "race, kind"
*** PIE root '''*gene-''' "to give birth, beget"
* '''Genesis'''
* '''Genesis'''
**origin, birth, creation of the world
**origin, birth, creation of the world
Line 643: Line 692:
**** PIE '''*ghut-''' ("that which is invoked") and '''*gheu(e)''' (to call, invoke)
**** PIE '''*ghut-''' ("that which is invoked") and '''*gheu(e)''' (to call, invoke)
** Latin '''''deus''''' ("God") from PIE '''*deiwos''' "god" and root '''*dyeu-''' "to shine,"
** Latin '''''deus''''' ("God") from PIE '''*deiwos''' "god" and root '''*dyeu-''' "to shine,"
* '''God-man'''
** Christ as God and Man
** Greek: ''theánthropos''; Latin: ''deus homo''
** see "hypostatic union of Christ"
* '''''Godhead, The'''''
* '''''Godhead, The'''''
** a reference to the '''''Holy Trinity of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit'''''
** a reference to the '''''Holy Trinity of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit'''''
* '''gospel'''
* '''Gospel, the'''  
** "the good news"
** from Old English ''godspell''
** from Old English ''godspell''
*** = ''god'' (good) + ''spell'' (news)
*** = ''god'' (good) + ''spell'' (news)
* '''grace'''
* '''grace'''
** "The free and undeserved gift that God gives us to respond to our vocation to become his adopted children.
** "Grace is ''favor'', the free and undeserved help that God gives us to respond to his call to become children of God, adoptive sons, partakers of the divine nature and of eternal life." ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/484/ CCC 1996])
** Grade helps us "conform our lives to his will"
** Grade helps us "conform our lives to his will"
** sacramental grace and special grace (charisms) are the  gift of the Holy Spirit (see CCC p. 880, CCC 1996, 2000)
** sacramental grace and special grace (charisms) are the  gift of the Holy Spirit (see CCC [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/398/ 1585], [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/484/ 1996], [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/486/ 2000])
* '''Great Amen (the)'''
* '''Great Amen (the)'''
** communal affirmation of the "concluding doxology" at the end of the Eucharistic prayer
** communal affirmation of the "concluding doxology" at the end of the Eucharistic prayer
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** unwillingness to listen to the Word, or to see plain truths
** unwillingness to listen to the Word, or to see plain truths
** also called in the Bible, "stiff necks"
** also called in the Bible, "stiff necks"
* '''hell'''
** state or place of eternal separation from God:
We cannot be united with God unless we freely choose to love him. But we cannot love God if we sin gravely against him, against our neighbor or against ourselves: "He who does not love remains in death. Anyone who hates his brother is a murderer, and you know that no murderer has eternal life abiding in him" ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/1john/3?15 1 Jn 13:15]). Our Lord warns us that we shall be separated from him if we fail to meet the serious needs of the poor and the little ones who are his brethren. To die in mortal sin without repenting and accepting God's merciful love means remaining separated from him for ever by our own free choice. This state of definitive self-exclusion from communion with God and the blessed is called "hell."
([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/270/ CCC 1033])
* '''heresy'''
** belief or opinion against ("at variance with") established doctrine
*** from Greek ''hairesis'' for "taking or choosing oneself" (over what understood)
** per CCC:
The obstinate denial after Baptism of a truth which must be believed with divine and Catholic Faith" ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/508/ CCC 2089])
* '''hermeneutics'''
* '''hermeneutics'''
** = interpretive, interpreting
** = interpretive, interpreting
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* '''''hesed'''''
* '''''hesed'''''
** a deep, abiding, covenantal love
** a deep, abiding, covenantal love
* heterodox
** wrong thought, contrary doctrine (religious teachings)
** hetero = "opinion, other"  + dox = "opinion, thought" = other, or wrong opinion
* '''holocaust'''
* '''holocaust'''
** burnt offerings
** burnt offerings
Line 677: Line 743:
** consecrated, godly
** consecrated, godly
** from proto-Germanic ''*hailaga'' ("holy")
** from proto-Germanic ''*hailaga'' ("holy")
*** from PIE '''*kailo-''' "whole, uninjured"  
*** from PIE '''*kailo-''' "whole, uninjured"
** "holy" means "set apart"
*** as in God is set apart from all things
*** God is not creation, not sinful; he is perfect, "holy"
** '''holiness'''
*** = separation from sin, possession of virtue and dedication to the service of God
 
* '''Holy Spirit'''
* '''Holy Spirit'''
** Hebrew: "ruah"
** Hebrew: "ruah" for "wind"
** Greek: "pneuma"
*** translated to Greek as "pneuma" ("wind, air")
** frequently represented by the Dove
** frequently represented by the Dove
* '''holiness'''
** also '''Holy Ghost'''
** = separation from sin, possession of virtue and dedication to the service of God
** Jesus also calls the Holy Spirit:
* '''''Hosana'''''
*** '''Paraclete''' for "he who is called to one's side" (''advocatus)''
** imperative for "save" or "give salvation!"
*** "'''Spirit of Truth'''" (see [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/184/ CCC 692] and [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/194/ CCC 729])
** in the Sacrament of Confirmation, the Bishop will call down the Holy Spirit as "helper and guide" ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/330/ CCC 1299])
 
* '''homily'''
** sermon or teaching, given by a priest or deacon after the reading of the Gospel
** from Greek ''homilia'' for "conversation or discourse" with others (from ''homou'' = "together")
* '''''Hosanna'''''
** "Lord, save us!"
*** imperative for "save" thus, "please give salvation!"
** from Hebrew ''hosha'na'' for "Save us, we pray"
*'''Host'''
**the sacramental, Eucharistic bread
**from Latin ''hostia'' for "sacrificial victim"
**see also the "Lord of Hosts"
* '''hypostatic union of Christ'''
** Chris as God and Man (see "God-man")
** the Church calls Christ "consubstantial" with the Father (Nicaean Creed)
** also called the "mystical union" or the "person of Christ"
** in [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Cur_Deus_Homo/ Cur Deus Homo] ''by'' Saint Anselm Book Second,  Saint Anselm explained the need for the God-man:
Is it not sufficiently proved that man can be saved by Christ, when even infidels do not deny that man can be happy somehow, and it has been sufficiently shown that, leaving Christ out of view, no salvation can be found for man? For, either by Christ or by some one else can man be saved, or else not at all. If, then, it is false that man cannot be saved all, or that he can be saved in any other way, his salvation must necessarily be by Christ.
- [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Cur_Deus_Homo/Book_First/Chapter_25 Book I, Chapter XXV]
Thus having explained the necessity for Christ for human salvation, he continues as to why Christ must be both God and man:
Moreover, if these two complete natures are said to be joined somehow, in such a way that one may be Divine while the other is human, and yet that which is God not be the same with that which is man, it is impossible for both to do the work necessary to be accomplished. For God will not do it, because he has no debt to pay; and man will not do it, because he cannot. Therefore, in order that the God-man may perform this, it is necessary that the same being should perfect God and perfect man, in order to make this atonement. For he cannot and ought not to do it, unless he be very God and very man. Since, then, it is necessary that the God-man preserve the completeness of each nature, it is no less necessary that these two natures be united entire in one person, just as a body and a reasonable soul exist together in every human being; for otherwise it is impossible that the same being should be very God and very man.
- [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Cur_Deus_Homo/Book_Second/Chapter_7 Book II, Chapter VII]


=== I ===
=== I ===
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* '''idolatry'''
* '''idolatry'''
** putting anything else above God
** putting anything else above God
** from "idol" = for "false god"
** Book of Wisdom, 13:10:
** idol contains also sense of an image
But wretched are they, and in dead things are their hopes,
*** has origin in PIE '''oid-''' for "seeming, like, like that of..."
who termed gods things made by human hands;
*** and Greek ''-oeidēs'' from ''eidos'' "form," ''idein'' "to see," and ''eidenai'' "to know, to see"  
* from "idol" = for "false god"
**** from PIE '''*weid-''' "to see"
* idol contains also sense of an image
** idolatry means to put anything above god, be it an idol, other god, Satan, pride, sin, money, etc.
** has origin in PIE '''oid-''' for "seeming, like, like that of..."
*** see CC 2113:
** and Greek ''-oeidēs'' from ''eidos'' "form," ''idein'' "to see," and ''eidenai'' "to know, to see"  
**** "Idolatry rejects the unique Lordship of God; it is therefore incompatible with communion with God."
*** from PIE '''*weid-''' "to see"
* idolatry means to put anything above god, be it an idol, other god, Satan, pride, sin, money, etc.
** see CC 2113:
*** "Idolatry rejects the unique Lordship of God; it is therefore incompatible with communion with God."
 
* '''IHS'''
* '''IHS'''
** the first three letters of the Greek word for Jesus, '''ΙΗΣΟΥΣ'''
** the first three letters of the Greek word for Jesus, '''ΙΗΣΟΥΣ'''
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** << to do
** << to do
=== J ===  
=== J ===  
* Jerusalem
** Hebrew for "place of peace"; also "foundation of peace"
*** i.e. ''jeru'' + ''shalem''
** may also mean "the abiding place" as given to Abraham
** translated to Greek as ''Hierousalem''
** from Hebrew for "artichoke"
* Jesse Tree
** or "Tree of Jesse"
** depicts the lineage from the father of King David, Jesse of Bethlehem, to Jesus
*** basically, Jesus' family tree
** traditionally an Advent devotion
* Jesus' ancestry from Jesse is drawn from the Book of Isaiah ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/isaiah/11?1 Isa 11:1]):
But a shoot shall sprout from the stump of Jesse,
and from his roots a bud shall blossom.
* '''Jesus'''
* '''Jesus'''
** Hebrew for "God saves"
** Hebrew for "God saves"
** the Archangel Gabriel gave him this name at the Annunciation
** the Archangel Gabriel gave him this name at the Annunciation:
 Behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall name him Jesus. ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/luke/1?31 Lk 31])
** Since "Jesus" means "God saves" the very name of the Father is within the name of Jesus (see [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/110/ CCC 432])
** "''There is no salvation through anyone else, nor is there any other name under heaven given to the human race by which we are to be saved''.” ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/acts/4:12 Acts 4:12])
* '''justification'''
* '''justification'''
** the process by which sinners may become righteous in the sight of Gd
** the process by which sinners may become righteous in the sight of Gd
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*** i.e., not ecclesiastical
*** i.e., not ecclesiastical
** also "lay
** also "lay
* '''Lamb of God'''
** in the Book of Leviticus God instructs the Hebrews to offer animals "without blemish" as sacrifice to pay for their sins
*** = the innocent for the guilty
** John the Baptist prophesized Christ's sacrifice: "behold the Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world"
* '''Lent'''
* '''Lent'''
** 40 day period between Ash Wednesday and Easter
** 40 day period between Ash Wednesday and Easter
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** not part of Church doctrine
** not part of Church doctrine
** see CCC 1257-1261 for Church stance on "Necessity of Baptism"
** see CCC 1257-1261 for Church stance on "Necessity of Baptism"
* '''liturgical'''
 
** texts read in worship
* '''liturgy'''
* '''liturgy'''
** "the service (mass) of the Holy Eucharist"
** "the service (mass) of the Holy Eucharist"
** or the conduct (form, presentation) of divine services
** or the conduct (form, presentation) of divine worship and "proclamation of the Gospel" ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/280/ CCC 1070])
** from Latin ''liturgia'' for "public service, public worship" and Greek ''leitourgia'' for "a liturgy; public duty, ministry,"  
** from Latin ''liturgia'' for "public service, public worship" and Greek ''leitourgia'' for "a liturgy; public duty, ministry,"  
*** related to ''leitourgos'' for "one who performs a public ceremony or service
*** related to ''leitourgos'' for "one who performs a public ceremony or service
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*** from PIE '''*werg-''' "to do" as in "work" (see [https://www.etymonline.com/word/*werg- Meaning of root *werg- by etymonline])
*** from PIE '''*werg-''' "to do" as in "work" (see [https://www.etymonline.com/word/*werg- Meaning of root *werg- by etymonline])
** '''liturgical''' = "of or related to divine mass"
** '''liturgical''' = "of or related to divine mass"
*** esp. a reference to the text read in worship
** '''liturgical calendar''' = the calendar that guides Catholic masses over a year
** '''liturgical calendar''' = the calendar that guides Catholic masses over a year
** '''the four parts of the Catholic liturgy (mass):'''
** '''the four parts of the Catholic liturgy (mass):'''
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**# '''Liturgy of the Eucharist'''
**# '''Liturgy of the Eucharist'''
**# '''Concluding Rites'''
**# '''Concluding Rites'''
* '''Lord'''
** God
** from the meaning, "keeper or guardian"
** in Greek , ''Kyrios''
* '''Lord of Hosts'''
** Jewish term for God
*** from Hebrew ''Tzevaot'' for "armies" as in "Lord of the armies"
*** "hosts" implies a large army
** Old English ''hlaford'' = "one who guards the loaves"
*** thus the connection between "Lord of Hosts" and "Host" (Eucharistic bread)


=== M ===  
=== M ===  
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** see ''Protoevangelium''
** see ''Protoevangelium''
*** the gatherer
*** the gatherer
*** also the expected one
*** also "the expected one"
** CCC 436:
** CCC 436:
*** Just fulfilled the messianic hope of Israel in his threefold office of priest, prophet and king"
*** "Jesus fulfilled the messianic hope of Israel in his threefold office of priest, prophet and king"
*'''missal'''
**"the book of the mass"
***= a book or booklet with the texts used in Mass
***from Latin ''missa'' for mass
*'''mission'''
*'''mission'''
**from Latin ''mittere'' for "to let go, send"  
**from Latin ''mittere'' for "to let go, send"
**also related to "mass" (see above)
**also related to "mass" (see above)
*** thus a "mission" and "missionary" = spreading the "mass"
*** thus a "mission" and "missionary" = spreading the "mass"
*'''moral'''
*'''moral'''
** moral = Latin ''mos'' for "one's disposition (genitive of "moris")
** moral = Latin ''mos'' for "one's disposition (genitive of "moris")
Line 875: Line 1,012:
*** from Latin/ Greek for "to hear, listen"  ''audio/audire << to do''
*** from Latin/ Greek for "to hear, listen"  ''audio/audire << to do''
* '''oblate / oblation'''
* '''oblate / oblation'''
** oblation = a presentation or offering to God, esp. a sacrifice
** from ''obalcioun'' for "an offering to God"
** from ''obalcioun'' for "an offering to God"
*** ''or oblatus'' related to ''offerre'' "to offer, to bring before"
*** thus  ''ob-'' (unto, toward) + ''lātus'' (carried, borne)
** oblate = a person devoted to religious work
** oblate = a person devoted to religious work
*** ''oblatus'' = past participle of ''offere'' for "to offer, to bring before"
** in the Eucharistic prayer, "oblation" means "this presentation, this dedication":
** from the Eucharistic prayer, "oblation" means "this presentation, this dedication, this
  Therefore, Lord, we pray: graciously accept this oblation of our service
  Therefore, Lord, we pray: graciously accept this oblation of our service
* see CCC  
* see CCC  
Line 884: Line 1,023:
** 1037: Eucharist prayer as a call for mercy and to bring us to God
** 1037: Eucharist prayer as a call for mercy and to bring us to God
** 1350: the Offertory
** 1350: the Offertory
* '''Offering, the'''  
* '''offerings'''
* '''Offertory'''
** sacrifices offered to God
*** see [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/118/ CCC 461-462] from ''Philippians'' and ''Hebrews'' on how Christ was incarnate as man in order to replace sacrificial offerings with himself
** in the Mass, the offerings are the bread and wine which will become the Body and Blood of Christ
** offerings may also include gifts from the people, which is received in the "collection" ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/342/ CCC 1351])
* '''Offertory, the'''
** beginning of the Liturgy of the Eucharist in which the bread and wine are brought to the altar
*** also called "Presentation and Preparation of the Gifts"
** during the Offertory, through the priest the assembled give thanks to "Lord God of all creation" for the bread and win
*** recognizing that the while bread & wine are "work of human hands" both are gifts of the Creator
** "offertory" is from Latin ''offertus'', derived from ''oblatus'' for "to offer" (see "oblation")
* '''Ordinary time'''
* '''Ordinary time'''
** liturgical calendar period (2)
** liturgical calendar period (2)
** from "ordinal" for numbers
** from "ordinal" for numbers
* '''orthodox v. heterodox'''
* '''orthodox v. heterodox'''
** ortho = "straight, right way"  
** ortho = "straight, right way"
** hetero = "opinion, other"
** hetero = "other", i.e. "not the right way"; "wrong teaching
 
* '''orthodox'''
* '''orthodox'''
** "correct teaching"
** "correct teaching"
** ''ortho'' (correct) + ''dox'' (opinion) = correct opinion
** ''ortho'' (correct) + ''dox'' (opinion) = correct opinion
** dox = "opinion, thought"
*** ''dox'' from PIE '''*dek-''' "to take, accept"
*** ''dox'' from PIE '''*dek-''' "to take, accept"
* '''heterodox'''
** the orthodox canonical New Testament books were affirmed by '''Irenaeus''' in 177 AD
** the orthodox canonical New Testament books were affirmed by '''Irenaeus''' in 177 AD  
*** his criteria was that the canon be of
*** his criteria was that the canon be of
***# the Gospels
***# the Gospels
Line 903: Line 1,052:
***# early Church traditions as handed down from the Gospels
***# early Church traditions as handed down from the Gospels
***#* Irenaeus attested to the authorship of the Gospels, especially John and Luke as companion of Paul
***#* Irenaeus attested to the authorship of the Gospels, especially John and Luke as companion of Paul
* '''''Our Father, the'''''
** see section below
=== P ===  
=== P ===  
* '''''paraclete'''''
* '''''Paraclete, the'''''
** "he who is called to one's side"
** Jesus calls the Holy Spirit the "Paraclete"
*** advocate
*** for "advocate" (see [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/john/14?16 Jn 14:16])
** Jesus calls the Holy Spirit the "paraclete"
*** from ''para-'' (to procure) + ''kalein'' "to call"  
** Jesus also called the Holy Spirit "the Spirit of truth"
**** PIE '''*kele-''' "to shout""
** see CCC 692
**** note: in addition to "to procure" or "produce," ''para-'' has other distinct & oppositive meanings, such "alongside, toward" and "beyond, against"
*** also means "intecessor"
** see above for Holy Sprit and [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/174/ CCC 692]
* '''parish'''
** a local church and the community is serves
** from Greek ''paroikia'' for diocese
*** related to ''para'' for near
* '''parochial'''
* '''parochial'''
** of or related to the parish
** of or related to the parish
** "parochial schools"  
** "parochial schools"
* '''Parousia'''
* '''Parousia'''
** the Second Coming of Christ
** the Second Coming of Christ
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*** PIE '''*prek''' "to ask, entreat"
*** PIE '''*prek''' "to ask, entreat"
* '''presbyterium / presbyteros'''
* '''presbyterium / presbyteros'''
** < priest  
** see priest
* '''priest'''
** from Latin ''*prester''  or ''presbyter'' for "presbyter, elder,"
** and Greek ''presbyteros'' "elder (of two), venerable
*** from PIE '''*per-''' "forward, in front of, before, first"
*** related to ''sacerdos'', "giver of holy things"
* '''profane'''
* '''profane'''
** from ''pro fano'' meaning "out /outside of the temple" or "not allowed in the temple"
** from ''pro fano'' meaning "out /outside of the temple" or "not allowed in the temple"
*** ''fanum'' = temple  
*** ''fanum'' = temple
** i.e., what is not holy
** i.e., what is not holy
* '''profess'''
* '''profess'''
Line 978: Line 1,140:
** the first gospel was God's testiminoly to Satan, Adam and Eve about what would happen to them
** the first gospel was God's testiminoly to Satan, Adam and Eve about what would happen to them
* '''purgation'''
* '''purgation'''
** Latin ''purgare'' "to cleanse, purify"
* '''Purgatory'''
** the place of purgation for those souls not damned not immediately entered into Heaven


=== Q ===  
=== Q ===  
Line 989: Line 1,154:
** see Timothy1, 2: 5
** see Timothy1, 2: 5
** Jesus paid the "ransom" for man's sins
** Jesus paid the "ransom" for man's sins
*'''Reconciliation, Sacrament of'''
**i.e., "confession"
**the sacrament by which, "through God's mercy, the sinner is reconciled with God, and also with the Church, Christ's Body, which is wounded by sin" (CCC 1422)
**''re-'' (back, again) + ''conciliare'' (to make friendly)
***from PIE '''*kele-''' "to shout" to come together( '''*kal-yo-)'''
* '''rectitude'''
* '''rectitude'''
** straightness, uprightness
** straightness, uprightness
*** from Latin ''rectus'' "straight"
*** from Latin ''rectus'' "straight"
*** PIE '''*reg-''' "move in a straight line"
*** PIE '''*reg-''' "move in a straight line"
* '''Rector'''
** priest who is head of a priest
* '''redemption'''
* '''redemption'''
** ''re'' (back to) + ''emere'' (take, buy, gain)
** ''re'' (back to) + ''emere'' (take, buy, gain)
Line 1,017: Line 1,189:
***= in the state of being right w/ God
***= in the state of being right w/ God
** right = from PIE *reg- "to move in a straight line"
** right = from PIE *reg- "to move in a straight line"
** Pope Benedict XVI defined it as
*** "Righteousness is the observance of the right path shown by God"
* '''rite'''
** a formal religious ceremony
** from Latin ''ritus'' "custom, usage"
** the '''Roman Rite'''
*** = the liturgy (Mass) of the Roman Catholic Church
* '''rosary'''
* '''rosary'''
**a series or "garden" of prayers w/ beads to guide their recitation (saying of the prayers)
**a series or "garden" of prayers w/ beads to guide their recitation (saying of the prayers)
Line 1,022: Line 1,201:
***which means "little garden of the soul"
***which means "little garden of the soul"


=== S ===  
=== S ===
*'''sacrament'''
 
**"the mysteries"
=== Sa ===
***from Greek ''mystērion'' for "secret rite or doctrine"
*'''sacraments'''
**conferred by Christ < see CCC 875
**"the Seven Mysteries"
**makes real what is symbolic
**sacrament = "An efficacious sign of grace, instituted by Christ and entrusted to the church, by which divine life is dispensed to us through the work of the Holy Spirit (see [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/206/ CCC 774], [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/294/ 1131])
**the word "sacrament" comes from Latin ''sacramentum'' for "an oath of obedience"
***from ''sacrare'' "to make sacred,"  
****from PIE '''*sak-''' or '''*shnk''' "sanctify, make sacred"
**the word "mysteries" = from Greek ''mystērion'' for "secret rite or doctrine"
***when translated to Latin ''mystērion'' became both ''mysteriun'' and ''sacramentum''
**mysteries = "hidden reality of salvation" through and by Christ
** sacrament = "the visible sign of the hidden reality of salvation"
***see [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/206/ CCC 774]
**"mysteries" because sacraments
**conferred by Christ  
***see [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/234/ CCC 875]
**sacraments make real what is symbolic
**see section below "[[Catechism of the Catholic Church#Sacraments|Sacraments]]"
*'''sacred'''
*'''sacred'''
**hollowed, consecrated, made holy
**hollowed, consecrated, made holy
Line 1,041: Line 1,233:
***from PIE root '''*dhe-''' "to set, put"
***from PIE root '''*dhe-''' "to set, put"
***thus "make done"
***thus "make done"
The redemptive sacrifice of Christ is unique, accomplished once for all;
yet it is made present in the Eucharistic sacrifice of the Church. The same is
true of the one priesthood of Christ; it is made present through the
ministerial priesthood without diminishing the uniqueness of Christ's
priesthood: "Only Christ is the true priest, the others being only his
ministers."
- CCC 1545
*'''saint'''
*'''saint'''
**"holy one"
**"holy one"
Line 1,046: Line 1,245:
***they were known as "saints for sure"
***they were known as "saints for sure"
***and their death dates, burial sites and remains became the focus of worship
***and their death dates, burial sites and remains became the focus of worship
***the closer to the "relic" of a saint the closer to God  
***the closer to the "relic" of a saint the closer to God
**see Papandrea, p 80
**see Papandrea, p 80
*'''Salvation history'''
*'''Salvation history'''
Line 1,056: Line 1,255:
**from Latin ''sanctus'' "holy"  
**from Latin ''sanctus'' "holy"  
***so ''santus'' (holy) + ''facere'' ("to make or do" from PIE '''*dhe-''' "to set, put")
***so ''santus'' (holy) + ''facere'' ("to make or do" from PIE '''*dhe-''' "to set, put")
*'''Satan'''
**the personification of Evil
**the "father of lies" ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/john/8?44 Jn 8:44])
**from Hebrew ''satan'' for "adversary, one who plots against another"
=== Sc ===
*'''scatter'''
*'''scatter'''
**from Greek : diabalein
**from Greek : diabalein
Line 1,063: Line 1,268:
***PIE root '''*skribh-''' "to cut" as in to mark for writing on clay
***PIE root '''*skribh-''' "to cut" as in to mark for writing on clay
****see [https://www.etymonline.com/word/*skribh- Meaning of root *skribh- by etymonline]
****see [https://www.etymonline.com/word/*skribh- Meaning of root *skribh- by etymonline]
*'''Scriptures, modes of interpretation'''
*'''secular'''
**the "Four Senses of Scripture"
**"of the word" and not religion
{| class="wikitable"
**usually refers to the state (government)
|literal
***possibly from PIE '''*sai-''' "to bind, tie"
|allegorical
*'''Senses of Scripture'''
|-
**see section below (per table of contents)
|moral
|anagogical
|}
ex.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Interpreting "Jerusalem"
!Mode or "sense"
!Meaning
|-
|Literal
|the city of the Jews
|-
|Allegorical
|the Church created by Christ: the meaning of that Church
|-
|Moral
|Jerusalem as the human soul: what is the instruction God gives us?
|-
|Anagogical
|Jerusalem as salvation: what we must do to get there
|}
*'''Septuagint'''
*'''Septuagint'''
**the earliest existing Greek translation of the Old Testament
**the earliest existing Greek translation of the Old Testament, started in the 3rd Century BC and completed into the 2nd Century BC
**the Apostles and early Christians used this version of the Hebrew Bible and incorporated it completely into the Old Testament
**the Apostles and early Christians used this version of the Hebrew Bible and incorporated it completely into the Old Testament
***including the "Deuterocanonical" books, most of which are in the Catholic and not Protestant bible.
***including the "Deuterocanonical" books, which are in the Catholic and not Protestant bibles.
*'''sin'''
*'''sin'''
**OE ''synn'' for "moral wrongdoing, injury, mischief, enmity, feud, guilt, crime, offense against God, misdeed"
**OE ''synn'' for "moral wrongdoing, injury, mischief, enmity, feud, guilt, crime, offense against God, misdeed"
Line 1,100: Line 1,284:
**CCC 431:
**CCC 431:
***"Because sin is always an offences against God, only he can forgive it"
***"Because sin is always an offences against God, only he can forgive it"
**"c'''apital sin'''" or "c'''apital vice'''" ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/458/ CCC 1866])
**also called the "Seven Deadly Sins"
***''pride, covetousness, lust, anger, gluttony, envy, and sloth''
**capital because these are the "head" of other sins (i.e., lead to them)
**deadly because they lead to death and damnation0
**'''mortal sin'''
***or "deadly sin"
***a willful, serious offense against God
**'''venial sin'''
***an offense against God in a light matter or without full consent of the sinner
***thereby the venial sin does not destroy grace or friendship with God
**vice:
***"Vices can be classified according to the virtues they oppose"
*'''"sleeper awake"'''
*'''"sleeper awake"'''
**= we are dead in sin (sleeping) and arise, or awake, with Christ
**= we are dead in sin (sleeping) and arise, or awake, with Christ
Line 1,121: Line 1,319:
**from Greek ''symbiosis'' for "living together,"; or ''symbioun'' "live together,"; and ''symbios'' "(one) living together", "husband or wife,"  
**from Greek ''symbiosis'' for "living together,"; or ''symbioun'' "live together,"; and ''symbios'' "(one) living together", "husband or wife,"  
***''syn-'' "together" + ''bios'' "life" (from PIE '''*gwei-''' "to live")
***''syn-'' "together" + ''bios'' "life" (from PIE '''*gwei-''' "to live")
*'''''Symbolon'''''
**early Church reference to the Creed
**from Greek for a "seal" or "sign of agreement", i.e., representative of something
**thus "Symbolon" represented the unity of Christian belief
*'''''synod'''''
*'''''synod'''''
**synod  
**synod  
Line 1,153: Line 1,355:
**when we refer to Jesus Christ as "God" we are referring to Him as the "Second Person of the Trinity," but not "The Trinity" itself
**when we refer to Jesus Christ as "God" we are referring to Him as the "Second Person of the Trinity," but not "The Trinity" itself
*'''typology'''
*'''typology'''
**the study of "types", related representations or symbols  
**the study of "types", related representations or symbols
**use of persons, places, etc that serve as antecedents
**use of persons, places, etc that serve as antecedents
**from "type/s" or" example" / "form"
**from "type/s" or" example" / "form"
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***PIE '''*tup-''' or '''*(s)teu-''' for "to push, stick, knock, beat
***PIE '''*tup-''' or '''*(s)teu-''' for "to push, stick, knock, beat
****related to "steep" for a projection (sticking out or up, as in a church "steeple")
****related to "steep" for a projection (sticking out or up, as in a church "steeple")
****or "step" for "pushing out", thus "stepchild"  
****or "step" for "pushing out", thus "stepchild"
**certain Old Testament people and events "types" "foreshadow" or "prefigure" New Testament people and events, or things of scriptural importance (baptism, Calvary, resurrection, etc.)
**"type" may also be seen in the "print" of the nails in the hands of Christ that he showed to the Apostles after Resurrection (see John 20:25)
**"type" may also be seen in the "print" of the nails in the hands of Christ that he showed to the Apostles after Resurrection (see John 20:25)
***see [https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15107a.htm CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Types in Scripture (newadvent.org)] for other "forms", "figures," and "patterns" in the New Testament  
**see [https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15107a.htm CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Types in Scripture (newadvent.org)] for other "forms", "figures," and "patterns" in the New Testament
**note that Old Testament "types" are distinct from direct phrophesies
=== U-V-W ===
=== U-V-W ===


* '''Vicar'''
** a deputy priest
* '''Vicar of Christ'''
* '''Vicar of Christ'''
* vocation
** the Pope (see Bishop of Rome)
** a calling
** may also refer, generally to a Bishop
*** Latin ''vicaire'' for "deputy, second in command,"
** thus earthly representative of Christ
* '''veneration'''
** admiration and imitation of the Saints
*** Latin ''venerari'' "to worship, revere,"
**** ''venus'' "beauty, love, desire"
**** PIE root '''*wen-''' "to desire, strive for"
** veneration is not worship
* '''Venerable'''
** a title given to a person who is under consideration for sainthood
* '''venial''' / '''venial sin'''
** sin that does not destroy the divine life (CCC 1855)
** i.e., not "grave matter" (or if in grave matter, not in full knowledge or consent of the sin)
** venial = ''venia'' for "forgiveness" or ''venialis'' for "pardonable"
*** (<u>note</u>: "venal" means "susceptible or motivated by bribery")
* '''vocation'''
** a calling in life to service to God in a certain state (marriage) or order (priesthood)
** from ''vocare'' "to call"
** from ''vocare'' "to call"
* '''Vulgate (Bible)'''
** also called "Catholic Vulgate" or "Latin Vulgate"
*** the Bible translated into Latin
*** it was started by Saint Jerome in 382
*** it was last updated in 1979 as the "Nova Vulgate"
** the significance is that until the 20th century, English versions of the Catholic Bible were translated from Latin and not from the original Greek
** however, the Old Testament was translated into Latin from Hebrew and not Greek
*** the Septuagint Bible was considered "inspired" by Augustine, and thus more accceptable
*** see above for the Septuagint (OT translation into Greek by 3rd Century BC Jewish scholars)
* '''Way, the'''
* '''Way, the'''
** from John 14;6 and Acts 9:2
** from John 14;6 and Acts 9:2
*** reference to following Jesus  
*** reference to following Jesus
** other terms or references to followers of Jesus include:
** other terms or references to followers of Jesus include:
*** '''''Nazarenes''''' (Acts 24:5)
*** '''''Nazarenes''''' (Acts 24:5)
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and the Word was God.</pre>
and the Word was God.</pre>


* John 1:14:  
* John 1:14:


  And the Word became flesh  
  And the Word became flesh  
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* remnant of the faithful
* remnant of the faithful
* Eucharistic revival
* Eucharistic revival
 
* "cradle Catholic"
== Catechism translations ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Chapter One: Man's Capacity for God
|-
| style="width: 50%; " cell | '''37 In the historical conditions in which he finds himself, however, man experiences many difficulties in coming to know God by the light of reason alone:'''
 
Though human reason is, strictly speaking, truly capable by its own natural power and light of attaining to a true and certain knowledge of the one personal God, who watches over and controls the world by his providence, and of the natural law written in our hearts by the Creator; yet there are many obstacles which prevent reason from the effective and fruitful use of this inborn faculty. For the truths that concern the relations between God and man wholly transcend the visible order of things, and, if they are translated into human action and influence it, they call for self-surrender and abnegation. The human mind, in its turn, is hampered in the attaining of such truths, not only by the impact of the senses and the imagination, but also by disordered appetites which are the consequences of original sin. So it happens that men in such matters easily persuade themselves that what they would not like to be true is false or at least doubtful.
 
- Pius XII, ''Humani Generis'', 561: DS 3875
|<u>Overview</u>:
 
* Made in the image of God, man is capable of understanding God's knowledge as relates to mankind, but...
** God's knowledge is shielded from man by man's incomplete perception of it
** and, worse, it is further misguided by sin.
 
* As a result, men deny, deflect, or ignore God's wisdom
** by hiding behind their own ignorance
** which they use to justify their denial of God's knowledge.
* Man can only perceive God's knowledge by surrendering and rejecting his own limited perceptions
<u>Translation</u>:
 
* God's relation with man can be understood by reason
* Yet man's reason has obstacles to that understanding
*Man's reason ("the human mind") cannot easily attain "such truths"
**because the relation between God and man goes beyond what can be observed ("visible order of things")
**as it is "impacted" (hampered) by senses (what man imperfectly perceives) and imagination (what man imagines or dreams of)
*to begin to perceive God's truths (that go beyond what can be seen by man), man must "transcend" or get beyond what is seen in "human action"
**"self-surrender and abnegation" (renouncing man's conceit) are required
*worse, man's perceptions are "disordered" (negatively impacted by) "appetites" (desires) that "are the consequences of original sin."
*so when man false short of pure reason (incorrect perception, sin, etc.)
**he convinces ("easily persuade") himself that what he doesn't want to be true (God's word) is not true, or "doubtful" (likely not true)
**i.e. = he fools himself
<u>Other notes</u>
 
* the visible and invisible = parts of revelation
* we can reason God but we cannot know the Trinity without Jesus
* God reveals himself through visible creation
|-
|'''52''' God, who "dwells in unapproachable light", wants to communicate his own divine life to the men he freely created, in order to adopt them as his sons in his only-begotten Son.<sup>3</sup> By revealing himself God wishes to make them capable of responding to him, and of knowing him and of loving him far beyond their own natural capacity.
|
* "unapproachable light" = God told Moses not to come closer
* God speaks to humans in their own terms, as they cannot fully understand God ("beyond their natural ability")
* therefore, God "reveals himself" in ways beyond their "natural capacity"
|-
|'''67''' Throughout the ages, there have been so-called "private" revelations, some of which have been recognized by the authority of the Church. They do not belong, however, to the deposit of faith. It is not their role to 84 improve or complete Christ's definitive Revelation, but to help live more fully by it in a certain period of history. Guided by the magisterium of the Church, the ''sensus fidelium'' knows how to discern and welcome in these revelations whatever constitutes an authentic call of Christ or his saints to the Church.
|
|-
|75 "Christ the Lord, in whom the entire Revelation of the most high God is summed up, commanded the apostles to preach the Gospel, which had been promised beforehand by the prophets, and which he fulfilled in his own person and promulgated with his own lips. In preaching the Gospel, they were to communicate the gifts of God to all men. This Gospel was to be the source of all 1 71 saving truth and moral discipline."
(DV 7; cf. Mt 28:19-20; Mk 16:15)
|
|-
|'''The Magisterium of the Church'''
'''85''' "The task of giving an authentic interpretation of the Word of God, whether in its written form or in the form of Tradition, has been entrusted to the living, teaching office of the Church alone. Its authority in this matter is exercised in the name of Jesus 888-892 Christ." (DV 10§ 2)  This means that the task of interpretation has been entrusted to the bishops in communion with the successor of Peter, the Bishop of Rome.
 
'''86''' "Yet this Magisterium is not superior to the Word of God, but is its servant. It teaches only what has been handed on to it. At the divine command and with the help of the Holy Spirit, it listens to this devotedly, guards it with dedication, and expounds it faithfully. All that it proposes for belief as being divinely revealed is drawn from this single deposit of faith." (DV 10 § 2) Mindful of Christ's words to his apostles: "He who hears you, hears me," (49 Lk 10:16; cf. LG 20) the faithful receive with docility the teachings and directives that their pastors give them in different forms.
|
|-
|
|
|-
|
|
|}


== Rite of Christian Initiation for Adults ==
== Rite of Christian Initiation for Adults ==
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=== RCIA Process ===
=== RCIA Process ===
from Cathedral of St. Thomas Moore, 2022-23
from Cathedral of St. Thomas Moore, 2022-23
# '''Period of inquiry''' – which is where we are now, at the beginning. This is a time to ask questions, learn, talk to people, and see where you on your faith journey.
# '''Period of inquiry''' – which is where we are now, at the beginning. This is a time to ask questions, learn, talk to people, and see where you on your faith journey.
# '''Rite of Welcome''' – a symbolic gesture indicating that you want to pursue a closer relationship with God and with God’s people.
# '''Rite of Welcome''' – a symbolic gesture indicating that you want to pursue a closer relationship with God and with God’s people.
Line 1,291: Line 1,459:
** a baptized person preparing for full communion in the Catholic Church, through the sacraments of First Holy Communion and Confirmation
** a baptized person preparing for full communion in the Catholic Church, through the sacraments of First Holy Communion and Confirmation
*'''catechesis'''
*'''catechesis'''
**the teaching of Christian doctrine in an organized and systematic way to help form people as disciples of Jesus Christ.  
**the teaching of Christian doctrine in an organized and systematic way to help form people as disciples of Jesus Christ.
*'''catechists'''  
*'''catechists'''  
**Those who perform the ministry of catechesis (CCC 5, 426-427)
**Those who perform the ministry of catechesis (CCC 5, 426-427)
Line 1,298: Line 1,466:
*'''catechumenate'''
*'''catechumenate'''
**religious instruction and formation in preparation for Christian Initiation
**religious instruction and formation in preparation for Christian Initiation
**its aim is to bring conversion and faith to maturity within the parish community  
**its aim is to bring conversion and faith to maturity within the parish community
*'''conversion'''
*'''conversion'''
**a radical reorientation of the whole life away from sin and evil, and toward God (CCC 1423, 1427, 1431)
**a radical reorientation of the whole life away from sin and evil, and toward God (CCC 1423, 1427, 1431)
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**the revealed truth of the Holy Trinity is at the very root of the Church's living faith as expressed in the Creed (CCC 232, 237, 249, 253-256)
**the revealed truth of the Holy Trinity is at the very root of the Church's living faith as expressed in the Creed (CCC 232, 237, 249, 253-256)


== Bible structure ==
== Catholic Bible structure ==


* 46 Old Testament and 27 New Testament books
* 46 Old Testament books
* 27 New Testament books
* here for list of the [[Books of the Bible with abbreviations]]


=== Old Testament ===
=== Old Testament ===


* four sections
* '''Pentateuch'''
** '''Pentateuch'''
* '''Historical books'''
** '''Historical books'''
* '''Wisdom'''
** '''Wisdom'''
* '''Prophets'''
** '''Prophets'''


==== Deuterocanonical books ====
*"deutero" = second, so "belonging to the second canon"
*seven books from later Old Testament writings that were accepted and studied at the time of Christ
**they also included additions to other OT works, including a Psalm
***but which later Jews (after 1st century AD) and, later, Protestants, disregarded
***primarily because of their references to intercessions of the saints, prayers to the dead, purgatory, resurrection of the body and confession
**Protestants call these books "Apocrypha" and do not consider them canonical
*the books were part of the Septuagint (a Greek translation of the Old Testament), which was the most commonly used OT form during the 1st century A.D. (times of Christ)
*Martin Luther excluded the books of Hebrews, James, Jude and Revelation from his canon (list of divine scripture
**because he claimed these books contradicted ''sola gratia'' (salvation by grace alone) and ''sola fide'' (justification by faith alone)
**Protestant doctrines of justification and salvation are called the "five ''solae''"
*see
**[https://www.catholic.com/magazine/online-edition/answering-the-most-common-objection-to-the-deuterocanonical-books Answering the Most Common Objection to the Deuterocanonical Books | Catholic Answers Magazine]
**[https://www.saintmina-holmdel.org/phocadownload/Servants/2015-2017/Deuterocanonical%20Books%20P1.pdf#:~:text=Protestants%20reject%20them%20on%202%20grounds%3A%20Jews%20didn%E2%80%99t,%282%20Maccabees%2015%3A14%29%20Intercession%20of%20angels%20%28Tobit%2012%3A12-15%29 The Deuterocanonical Books slide show]
=== New Testament ===
=== New Testament ===
* '''Gospels'''
* '''Gospels'''
* '''Acts'''
* '''Acts'''
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* '''Catholic Epistles'''  
* '''Catholic Epistles'''  
* '''Revelation'''
* '''Revelation'''
== Ten Commandments ==
== Ten Commandments ==


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=== Deuteronomy ===
=== Deuteronomy ===


# I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.  
# I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.
# You shall have no other gods before me. You shall not make for yourself a graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them or serve them; for I the LORD your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments.
# You shall have no other gods before me. You shall not make for yourself a graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them or serve them; for I the LORD your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments.
# You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain.
# You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain.
# Observe the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor, and do all your work; but the seventh day is a sabbath to the LORD your God; in it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, your manservant, or your  maidservant or your cattle, or the sojourner who is within your gates; for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day; therefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day and hallowed it.  
# Observe the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor, and do all your work; but the seventh day is a sabbath to the LORD your God; in it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, your manservant, or your  maidservant or your cattle, or the sojourner who is within your gates; for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day; therefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day and hallowed it.
# Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land which the LORD your God gives you.
# Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land which the LORD your God gives you.
# You shall not kill.
# You shall not kill.
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=== Exodus 20:2-17 ===
=== Exodus 20:2-17 ===


# I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. I am the LORD your God,  
# I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. I am the LORD your God,
# You shall have no other gods before me. You shall not make for yourself a graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them or serve them; for I the LORD your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments.
# You shall have no other gods before me. You shall not make for yourself a graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them or serve them; for I the LORD your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments.
# You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain.
# You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain.
# Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor, and do all your work; but the seventh day is a sabbath to the LORD your God; in it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, your manservant, or your  maidservant or your cattle, or the sojourner who is within your gates; for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day; therefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day and hallowed it.  
# Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor, and do all your work; but the seventh day is a sabbath to the LORD your God; in it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, your manservant, or your  maidservant or your cattle, or the sojourner who is within your gates; for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day; therefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day and hallowed it.
# Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land which the LORD your God gives you.
# Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land which the LORD your God gives you.
# You shall not kill.
# You shall not kill.
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* CCC p. 496, between 2051 and 2052, "Life in Christ" section
* CCC p. 496, between 2051 and 2052, "Life in Christ" section
* [http://scborromeo.org/ccc/command.htm Catechism of the Catholic Church - PART 3 SECTION 2 - TEN COMMANDMENTS CHART (scborromeo.org)]
* [http://scborromeo.org/ccc/command.htm Catechism of the Catholic Church - PART 3 SECTION 2 - TEN COMMANDMENTS CHART (scborromeo.org)]
== Senses of Scripture: modes of interpretation ==
=== The "Four Senses of Scripture" ===
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Literal'''<br>the direct meaning of the text
|'''Allegorical'''<br>the metaphorical meaning or analogy presented by the tex
|-
|'''Moral'''<br>(also called "Tropological")<br>
the moral lesson from the text, or lesson on difference between right and wrong
|'''Anagogical'''<br>how to apply the lesson of the text into our lives and faith
|}
* Scripture frequently operates at multiple levels of "literal" (means exactly what it says) or "figurative" (it suggests or references something else or a larger idea)
* Augustine of Dacia (13th Century; CCC 118) taught:
''The Letter speaks of deeds; Allegory to faith;''
''The Moral how to act; Anagogy our destiny''
* examples of employing the Four Senses of Scripture:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Interpreting "Jerusalem"
!Mode or "sense"
!Meaning
|-
|Literal
|the city of the Jews
|-
|Allegorical
|the Church created by Christ: the meaning of that Church
|-
|Moral
|Jerusalem as the human soul: what is the instruction God gives us?
|-
|Anagogical
|Jerusalem as salvation: what we must do to get there
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Interpreting [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/16:5 "The Leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees" (Mt 16:5-12)]
!Mode or "sense"
!Meaning
|-
|Literal
|Jesus tells the Apostles, “Look out, and beware of the leaven* of the Pharisees and Sadducees” and they say among themselves, “It is because we have brought no bread," thus taking Jesus' analogy literally.
The literal meaning is that the Pharisees and Sadducees use yeast in their bread, which transforms the bread from its original form (leaven, such as yeast, is used to make bread "rise").
|-
|Allegorical
|Jesus admonishes them, "You of little faith, why do you conclude among yourselves that it is because you have no bread?" And, in a rare moment in the Gospels, Jesus explains the analogy: "How do you not comprehend that I was not speaking to you about bread? Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees.” Thus, their "leaven" corrupts the teachings of God.
|-
|Moral
|Beware of false teachers.
|-
|Anagogical
|If we focus on Christ, we will not stray from God.
|}
* see also [https://www.usccb.org/bible/national-bible-week/upload/viviano-senses-scripture.pdf Viviano-SensesofScripture.indd (usccb.org)]
== Sermon on the Mount ==
* The "Sermon on the Mount" is the first set of teachings in the Book of Matthew
* it begins in Matthew Chapter 5 ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/5 Mt 5:1-2])
When he saw the crowds,* he went up the mountain, and after he had sat down, his disciples came to him. He began to teach them, saying: ...
* Verses 3-12 are "'''the Beatitudes'''"
* The Beatitudes are at the heart of Jesus' preaching. They take up the promises made to the chosen people since Abraham. The Beatitudes fulfill the promises by ordering them no longer merely to the possession of a territory, but to the Kingdom of heaven ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/428/ CCC 1717])
* the Gospel of Luke, also records Jesus' teachings on the Beatitudes, Chapter [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/luke/6?20 6:20-23]
** in what is called in Luke the "Sermon on the Plain"
** so Luke records a similar teaching by Jesus at another place
* notes on details:
** "he went up to the mountain" = as Mosel went up the mountain to receive the Ten Commandments, Jesus pronounces the New Law from a mountain top
** "after he had sat down" = in Jewish culture, a teacher sits to teach
** "his disciples came to him" = Jesus requires that his followers choose him (he selects the Apostles, telling some of them, "Follow me."
== Beatitudes from the Gospel of Matthew ==
* from the "'''Sermon on the Mount'''" in Matthew [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/5 Chapters Five]  & [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/6 Six]
'''''Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.'''''
* "poor in spirit"
** "poor" wanting (needing, in need of)
** "spirit" means faith
** thereby, "poor in spirit" =
** in need of and longing for God and his grace
'''''Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted.'''''
* mourn = "to grieve"
** one mourns for regret, for loss
*** the loss = loss of God, loss of grace
** Christ wants us to mourn our fallen world
** thereby we mourn our sins and the sins around us
*** and the state of the human world
** and we seek comfort and relief from our sins from God
'''''Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth.'''''
* meek = gentle, humble, forgiving,
** gives no offense, takes no offense
** obedient to God (the meek put God above themselves)
* Moses is described in OT as "meek"
* Jesus calls himself "meek"
Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am meek and humble of heart; and you will find rest for yourselves.
([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/11:29 Mt. 11:29])
'''''Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied.'''''
* righteousness = sinless, justified
** indicates correctness with and obedience to God
* From [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/luke/1?6 Lk 1:6]: on Zachariah and Elizabeth, mother and father of John the Baptist:
Both were righteous in the eyes of God, observing all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blamelessly.
* "hunger and thirst" mean to need, can't live without
** we may "want" to be righteous
*** such as we may "want" a new phone, car, etc., but we can certainly live with out it
*** however, we can't live without food or water
** but Jesus tell us to "hunger and thirst" for righteousness
* the righteous act on God's behalf and in the glory of his name, not on or for themselves
'''''Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy.'''''
* merciful = forgiving and giving
** giving indicates acting on mercy, not just feeling or expressing mercy
'''''Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God.'''''
* pure = all, complete, lacking nothing
* the pure heart governs all actions, choices, desires and emotions
** it governs our bodies, our minds, our spirit
* putting God above all else, as how Jesus tells us,
You shall love the Lord, your God, with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind. ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/22?37 Mt 22:37])
'''''Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God.'''''
* peacemakers end conflict, seek reconciliation
* = gatherers, gathering, bringing together, not separating
'''''Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.'''''
* "for righteousness sake" means doing the right thing for God
* Jesus warns us to focus on God and not the things of the world, which leads to death (in sin)
** and thus to seek righteousness with God and not the things of the world:
What profit is there for one to gain the whole world and forfeit his life? ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/mark/8?36 Mk 8:36])
'''''Blessed are you when men revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you falsely on my account.'''''
*Jesus warns us frequently that the world will hate us on his account, such as from  [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/mark/13:13 Mk 13:13]:
You will be hated by all because of my name. But the one who perseveres to the end will be saved.
* thereby, we will be rewarded if we stand up for God despite hatred and persecution for it
* note that every Apostle except John died a martyr
'''''Rejoice and be glad, for your reward is great in heaven.'''''
* if we follow the Beatitudes, we can "rejoice and be glad" now as well as in heaven
* for example, In Matthew Chapter 11 ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/11:30 Mt 11:30]), Jesus tells us that his way is joyful and not burdensome (difficult to bear):
For my yoke is easy, and my burden light.
== Sermon on the Mount (continuing after the Beatitudes) ==
* after the Beatitudes, the Sermon on the Mount continues
=== Similes of Salt and Light ===
* after declaring the Beatitudes, Jesus describes God's people as "salt" and "Light"
* using the analogies of salt and light, Jesus describes God's people
* From Matthew [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/5?13 5:13-16]:
===== Salt of the earth =====
“You are the salt of the earth. But if salt loses its taste, with what can it be seasoned? It is no longer good for anything but to be thrown out and trampled underfoot”
==== Light of the world ====
You are the light of the world. A city set on a mountain cannot be hidden.
Nor do they light a lamp and then put it under a bushel basket; it is set on a lampstand, where it gives light to all in the house.
Just so, your light must shine before others, that they may see your good deeds and glorify your heavenly Father.
=== Matthew's Antithesis ===
* Next, Jesus clarifies several of the Ten Commandments ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/5?17 Mt 5:17-48])
* this section is called "Matthew's Antithesis" because he states one idea, then expands, clarifies, or contradicts it
** antithesis = "a contrast between two things"
* Jesus states a common understanding by the Jews of the Ten Commandments (given them by Moses)
** "''You have heard that it was said to your ancestors...''" ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/5:21 Mt. 5:21])
* he paraphrases or quotes from Moses and the Commandments, which is the first "thesis" (a claim or idea)
** "''You have heard that it was said 'to your ancestors, ‘You shall not kill; and whoever kills will be liable to judgment.’''" ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/5:21 Mt. 5:21])
* then answers, contrasts, or explains it with his own "thesis"
** thus it is called an "antithesis" because it responds to the first thesis
** "''But I say to you...''"  ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/5:22 Mt. 5:22])
* thus the "antitheses" refer to Jesus' responses, additions or clarifications of the Ten Commandments
** especially in terms of their implication
** ex., "Thou Shalt Not Kill" and "Thou Shalt Not Commit Adultery" command not just against the acts but their origin in the heart
** Thereby Jesus does not change the Commandments, he clarifies and extends them
* he starts by explaining that the Ten Commandments are still Law:
'''Teaching About the Law'''
Do not think that I have come to abolish the law or the prophets. I have come not to abolish but to fulfill.(Mt 5:17)
* then goes through six of the Commandments:
'''Teaching About Anger'''
“You have heard that it was said to your ancestors, ‘You shall not kill; and whoever kills will be liable to judgment.’ But I say to you, whoever is angry with his brother will be liable to judgment.” (Mt 5:21-22)
'''Teaching About Adultery'''
“You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall not commit adultery.’ But I say to you, everyone who looks at a woman with lust has already committed adultery with her in his heart.” (Mt 5:27-28)
'''Teaching About Divorce'''
It was also said, ‘Whoever divorces his wife must give her a bill of divorce.’ But I say to you, whoever divorces his wife (unless the marriage is unlawful) causes her to commit adultery, and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery. (Mt 5:31-32)
'''Teaching About Oaths'''
Let your ‘Yes’ mean ‘Yes,’ and your ‘No’ mean ‘No.’ Anything more is from the evil one. (Mt 5:37)
'''Teaching About Retaliation'''
“You have heard that it was said, ‘An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.’ But I say to you, offer no resistance to one who is evil. When someone strikes you on [your] right cheek, turn the other one to him as well.” (Mt 5:38-39)
'''Love of Enemies'''
''“You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy.’  But I say to you, love your enemies, and pray for those who persecute you, that you may be children of your heavenly Father, for he makes his sun rise on the bad and the good, and causes rain to fall on the just and the unjust.”'' (Mt 43-48)
* Jesus then adds,
So be perfect, just as your heavenly Father is perfect. (5:1-
'''Teaching About Almsgiving'''
[But] take care not to perform righteous deeds in order that people may see them; otherwise, you will have no recompense from your heavenly Father.
'''Teaching About Prayer'''
“When you pray, do not be like the hypocrites, who love to stand and pray in the synagogues and on street corners so that others may see them. Amen, I say to you, they have received their reward. But when you pray, go to your inner room, close the door, and pray to your Father in secret. And your Father who sees in secret will repay you. In praying, do not babble like the pagans, who think that they will be heard because of their many words. Do not be like them. Your Father knows what you need before you ask him. (Mt 6:5-8)
'''The Lord's Prayer'''
“This is how you are to pray ...
* see below for "Our Father" prayer
'''Teaching About Fasting'''
so that you may not appear to others to be fasting, except to your Father who is hidden. And your Father who sees what is hidden will repay you. (Mt. 6:18)
Treasure in Heaven
For where your treasure is, there also will your heart be. (Mt. 6:21)
'''The Light of the Body'''
but if your eye is bad, your whole body will be in darkness. And if the light in you is darkness, how great will the darkness be. (Mt 6:23)
'''God and Money'''
No one can serve two masters. (Mt 6:24)
'''Dependence on God'''
Do not worry about tomorrow; tomorrow will take care of itself. Sufficient for a day is its own evil. (Mt 6:34)
== Beatitudes & Woes from the Gospel of Luke ==
* from the "'''Sermon on the Plain'''" in the Book of [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/luke/6?20 Luke 6:20-23]
* = same as five of the Beatitudes from Matthew Ch. 5, worded slightly differently
=== Beatitudes from the Gospel of Luke ===
From Luke [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/luke/6?20 Ch 6:20-23]
Blessed are you who are poor, for the kingdom of God is yours.
Blessed are you who are now hungry, for you will be satisfied.
Blessed are you who are now weeping, for you will laugh.
Blessed are you when people hate you, and when they exclude and insult you, and denounce your name as evil on account of the Son of Man.
Rejoice and leap for joy on that day! Behold, your reward will be great in heaven. For their ancestors treated the prophets in the same way.
Rejoice and leap for joy on that day! Behold, your reward will be great in heaven. For their ancestors treated the prophets in the same way.
=== The Woes from the Gospel of Luke ===
* from the "'''Sermon on the Plain'''" in the Book of [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/luke/6?20 Luke 6:24-49]
* excerpts include
But woe to you who are rich, for you have received your consolation.
But woe to you who are filled now, for you will be hungry.
Woe to you who laugh now, for you will grieve and weep
Woe to you when all speak well of you, for their ancestors treated the false prophets in this way.
== Nicene Creed ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Parts of the Creed: “The three chapters of our [baptismal] seal” ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/54/ CCC 190])
| colspan="2" |
=== Part 1: The first divine Person and the wonderful work of creation ===
|-
|'''I believe in one God, the Father almighty,'''
'''maker of heaven and earth,'''
'''of all things visible and invisible.'''
|
* “The faithful first profess their belief in God” ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/56/ CCC 199])
* The confession of God's oneness, which has its roots in the divine revelation of the Old Covenant, is inseparable from the profession of God's existence and is equally fundamental. God is unique; there is only one God: "The Christian faith confesses that God is one in nature, substance and essence.“ ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/56/ CCC 200])
|-
| colspan="2" |
=== Part 2: The second divine Person and the mystery of his redemption of men ===
|-
|'''I believe in one Lord Jesus Christ,'''
'''the Only Begotten Son of God,'''
'''born of the Father before all ages.'''
'''God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God,'''
'''begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father;'''
'''through him all things were made.'''
|
* Jesus affirms “the one Lord” ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/mark/12?29 Mk 12:29-30]) and also that he himself is the Lord ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/mark/12?35 Mk 12:35-37])
* confession of Jesus as Lord (or of the Holy Spirit) in no way contradicts belief in One God ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/56/ CCC 202])
** “He was in the beginning with God.([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/john/1?2 Jn 1:2])
** Jesus Christ is true God and true man” ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/118/ CCC 464])
* “begotten not made” = the Son is of the Father and not created; ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/118/ CCC 465])
* Jesus says, “No one knows the Son except the Father, and no one knows the Father except the Son and any one to whom the Son chooses to reveal him” ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/11?27 Mt 11:27] from [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/64/ CCC 240])
* "All things came to be through him, and without him nothing came to be” ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/john/1?3 Jn 1:3])
|-
|'''For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven,'''
'''[bow during the next two lines:]'''
'''and by the Holy Spirit was incarnate of the Virgin Mary,'''
'''and became man.'''
|
* The Good News: God has sent his Son ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/108/ CCC Pt. I 2:2])
* The Word became flesh so that thus we might know God's love ... "For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life.“ ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/john/3?16 Jn 3:16] from [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/116/ CCC 458])
* so that we may be "partakers of the divine nature" ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/2peter/1?4 2 Pet 1:4] per [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/116/ CCC 460])
•the Son of God assumed a human nature in order to accomplish our salvation in it. ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/116/ CCC 461])
•“And being found in human form he humbled himself and became obedient unto death, even death on a cross” ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/philippians/2?7 Phil 2:7-8] per [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/116/ CCC 461])
•The Annunciation to Mary inaugurates "the fullness of time", the time of the fulfillment of God's promises and preparations. ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/124/ CCC 484])
•The Virgin Mary "cooperated through free faith and obedience in human salvation" (LG 56). She uttered her yes "in the name of all human nature" (St. Thomas Aquinas, STh III, 30, 1). By her obedience she became the new Eve, mother of the living. ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/130/ CCC 511])
|-
|'''For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate,'''
'''he suffered death and was buried,'''
'''and rose again on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures.'''
'''He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father.'''
'''He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead'''
'''and his kingdom will have no end.'''
|
* For overview of Catholic belief in Christ, see [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/108/ CCC 423]
* God's saving plan was accomplished "once for all" by the redemptive death of his Son Jesus Christ. ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/148/ CCC 571])
* CHRIST'S REDEMPTIVE DEATH IN GOD'S PLAN OF SALVATION (title, [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/156/ CCC Pt 1, 2,4])
* The Scriptures had foretold this divine plan of salvation through the putting to death of "the righteous one, my Servant" as a mystery of universal redemption, that is, as the ransom that would free men from the slavery of sin.([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/156/ CCC 601])
* "Christ died and lived again, that he might be Lord both of the dead and of the living.” ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/romans/14?9 Rom 14:9], from [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/176/ CCC 668])
* Christ is Lord of eternal life. Full right to pass definitive judgment on the works and hearts of men belongs to him as redeemer of the world. He "acquired" this right by his cross. The Father has given "all judgment to the Son". Yet the Son did not come to judge, but to save and to give the life he has in himself. By rejecting grace in this life, one already judges oneself, receives according to one's works, and can even condemn oneself for all eternity by rejecting the Spirit of love. ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/178/ CCC 679])
|-
| colspan="2" |
=== Part 3: The third divine Person, the origin and source of our sanctification ===
|-
|'''I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life,'''
'''who proceeds from the Father and the Son,'''
'''who with the Father and the Son is adored and glorified,'''
'''who has spoken through the prophets.'''
|
* "Holy Spirit" is the proper name of the one whom we adore and glorify with the Father and the Son. The Church has received this name from the Lord and professes it in the Baptism of her new children. ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/184/ CCC 691])
* Through his grace, the Holy Spirit is the first to awaken faith in us and to communicate to us the new life, which is to "know the Father and the one whom he has sent, Jesus Christ." ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/180/ CCC 684])
* To believe in the Holy Spirit is to profess that the Holy Spirit is one of the persons of the Holy Trinity, consubstantial with the Father and the Son: "with the Father and the Son he is worshipped and glorified.“ ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/182/ CCC 685])
* The mission of Christ and the Holy Spirit is brought to completion in the Church, which is the Body of Christ and the Temple of the Holy Spirit. ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/196/ CCC 737])
* For the symbols of the Holy Spirit see [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/184/ CCC 694-701]
|-
|'''I believe in one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church.'''
'''I confess one baptism for the forgiveness of sins'''
'''and I look forward to the resurrection of the dead'''
'''and the life of the world to come.'''
'''Amen.'''
|
* To believe that the Church is "holy" and "catholic," and that she is "one" and "apostolic" (as the Nicene Creed adds), is inseparable from belief in God, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/198/ CCC 750])
* The Church is both the means and the goal of God's plan: prefigured in creation, prepared for in the Old Covenant, founded by the words and actions of Jesus Christ, fulfilled by his redeeming cross and his Resurrection, the Church has been manifested as the mystery of salvation by the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/206/ CCC 778])
* Summary [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/232/ CCC 866-870]:
** '''The Church is one''': she acknowledges one Lord, confesses one faith, is born of one Baptism, forms only one Body, is given life by the one Spirit, for the sake of one hope...
** '''The Church is holy''': the Most Holy God is her author; Christ, her bridegroom, gave himself up to make her holy; the Spirit of holiness gives her life. ... Her holiness shines in the saints; in Mary she is already all-holy.
** '''The Church is catholic''': she proclaims the fullness of the faith. She bears in herself and administers the totality of the means of salvation. She is sent out to all peoples. She speaks to all men. She encompasses all times.
** '''The Church is apostolic'''. She is built on a lasting foundation: "the twelve apostles of the Lamb" ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/revelation/21?14 Rev 21:14]). She is indestructible (cf. [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/16?18 Mt 16:18]). She is upheld infallibly in the truth: Christ governs her through Peter and the other apostles, who are present in their successors, the Pope and the college of bishops.
* Faith is necessary for salvation. The Lord himself affirms: "He who believes and is baptized will be saved; but he who does not believe will be condemned" ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/mark/16?16 Mk 16:16] from [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/50/ CCC 183])
* All the sacraments, and principally those of Christian initiation, have as their goal the last Passover of the child of God which, through death, leads him into the life of the Kingdom. Then what he confessed in faith and hope will be fulfilled: "I look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come.“ ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/420/ CCC 1680])
|-
|
|
|}
== "Our Father" prayer ==
*''oratio Dominica''
*also,
**"Lord's Prayer"
**''Pater Noster''
*"taught and given to us by the Lord Jesus." ([https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/664/ CCC 2765])
**
*doxology
*minor doxology
**the Didache (a collection of early Church teachings, c. AD 50-120) taught the Lord's Prayer with an ending minor doxology
"for Thine is the power and the glory for ever" ([https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/didache-roberts.html Didache, Ch. 8])
*>> to do
*Saint Augustine of Hippo:
**https://www.crossroadsinitiative.com/media/articles/ourfatheronthelordsprayer/


== Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit ==
== Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit ==
* '''wisdom'''
* '''wisdom'''
* '''understanding'''
* '''understanding'''
Line 1,394: Line 1,982:
* '''fear of the Lord'''
* '''fear of the Lord'''


== Seven Mysteries of Faith ==
== Sacraments ==
"The Seven Mysteries"
 
==== Sacraments of Initiation ====
 
* Baptism
* Communion
* Eucharist
 
==== Sacraments of Penance and Reconciliation ====
 
* Penance
** Reconciliation, Confession
* Anointing the Sick
 
==== Sacrament of Holy Orders ====
 
==== Sacrament of Matrimony ====
 
== Catechism translations ==
<nowiki>**</nowiki> section under construction **
{| class="wikitable"
|+Chapter One: Man's Capacity for God
|-
| style="width: 50%; " cell | '''37 In the historical conditions in which he finds himself, however, man experiences many difficulties in coming to know God by the light of reason alone:'''
 
Though human reason is, strictly speaking, truly capable by its own natural power and light of attaining to a true and certain knowledge of the one personal God, who watches over and controls the world by his providence, and of the natural law written in our hearts by the Creator; yet there are many obstacles which prevent reason from the effective and fruitful use of this inborn faculty. For the truths that concern the relations between God and man wholly transcend the visible order of things, and, if they are translated into human action and influence it, they call for self-surrender and abnegation. The human mind, in its turn, is hampered in the attaining of such truths, not only by the impact of the senses and the imagination, but also by disordered appetites which are the consequences of original sin. So it happens that men in such matters easily persuade themselves that what they would not like to be true is false or at least doubtful.
 
- Pius XII, ''Humani Generis'', 561: DS 3875
|<u>Overview</u>:
 
* Made in the image of God, man is capable of understanding God's knowledge as relates to mankind, but...
** God's knowledge is shielded from man by man's incomplete perception of it
** and, worse, it is further misguided by sin.
 
* As a result, men deny, deflect, or ignore God's wisdom
** by hiding behind their own ignorance
** which they use to justify their denial of God's knowledge.
* Man can only perceive God's knowledge by surrendering and rejecting his own limited perceptions
<u>Translation</u>:
 
* God's relation with man can be understood by reason
* Yet man's reason has obstacles to that understanding
*Man's reason ("the human mind") cannot easily attain "such truths"
**because the relation between God and man goes beyond what can be observed ("visible order of things")
**as it is "impacted" (hampered) by senses (what man imperfectly perceives) and imagination (what man imagines or dreams of)
*to begin to perceive God's truths (that go beyond what can be seen by man), man must "transcend" or get beyond what is seen in "human action"
**"self-surrender and abnegation" (renouncing man's conceit) are required
*worse, man's perceptions are "disordered" (negatively impacted by) "appetites" (desires) that "are the consequences of original sin."
*so when man false short of pure reason (incorrect perception, sin, etc.)
**he convinces ("easily persuade") himself that what he doesn't want to be true (God's word) is not true, or "doubtful" (likely not true)
**i.e. = he fools himself
<u>Other notes</u>
 
* the visible and invisible = parts of revelation
* we can reason God but we cannot know the Trinity without Jesus
* God reveals himself through visible creation
|-
|'''52''' God, who "dwells in unapproachable light", wants to communicate his own divine life to the men he freely created, in order to adopt them as his sons in his only-begotten Son.<sup>3</sup> By revealing himself God wishes to make them capable of responding to him, and of knowing him and of loving him far beyond their own natural capacity.
|
* "unapproachable light" = God told Moses not to come closer
* God speaks to humans in their own terms, as they cannot fully understand God ("beyond their natural ability")
* therefore, God "reveals himself" in ways beyond their "natural capacity"
|-
|'''67''' Throughout the ages, there have been so-called "private" revelations, some of which have been recognized by the authority of the Church. They do not belong, however, to the deposit of faith. It is not their role to 84 improve or complete Christ's definitive Revelation, but to help live more fully by it in a certain period of history. Guided by the magisterium of the Church, the ''sensus fidelium'' knows how to discern and welcome in these revelations whatever constitutes an authentic call of Christ or his saints to the Church.
|
|-
|75 "Christ the Lord, in whom the entire Revelation of the most high God is summed up, commanded the apostles to preach the Gospel, which had been promised beforehand by the prophets, and which he fulfilled in his own person and promulgated with his own lips. In preaching the Gospel, they were to communicate the gifts of God to all men. This Gospel was to be the source of all 1 71 saving truth and moral discipline."
(DV 7; cf. Mt 28:19-20; Mk 16:15)
|
|-
|'''The Magisterium of the Church'''
'''85''' "The task of giving an authentic interpretation of the Word of God, whether in its written form or in the form of Tradition, has been entrusted to the living, teaching office of the Church alone. Its authority in this matter is exercised in the name of Jesus 888-892 Christ." (DV 10§ 2)  This means that the task of interpretation has been entrusted to the bishops in communion with the successor of Peter, the Bishop of Rome.
 
'''86''' "Yet this Magisterium is not superior to the Word of God, but is its servant. It teaches only what has been handed on to it. At the divine command and with the help of the Holy Spirit, it listens to this devotedly, guards it with dedication, and expounds it faithfully. All that it proposes for belief as being divinely revealed is drawn from this single deposit of faith." (DV 10 § 2) Mindful of Christ's words to his apostles: "He who hears you, hears me," (49 Lk 10:16; cf. LG 20) the faithful receive with docility the teachings and directives that their pastors give them in different forms.
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[[Category:Catholicism]]
[[Category:Catholicism]]
[[Category:Religion]]
[[Category:Religion]]
[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Catechism of the Catholic Church]]
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