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Grammar for high school admissions tests: Difference between revisions
Grammar for high school admissions tests (view source)
Revision as of 19:56, 13 May 2023
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* a part of a sentence that contains a finite verb but cannot be a sentence by itself | * a part of a sentence that contains a finite verb but cannot be a sentence by itself | ||
* ex. ''The dog plays happily, '''since I gave him a bone''''' | * ex. ''The dog plays happily, '''since I gave him a bone''''' | ||
* <u>test</u>: | * <u>to test</u>: | ||
** if the clause by itself leaves a question or remains an inconmplete thought, it is a dependent clause | ** if the clause by itself leaves a question or remains an inconmplete thought, it is a dependent clause | ||
*** ''Since it is raining.'' | *** ''Since it is raining.'' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|''I'' | |''I'' | ||
|see | |''see'' | ||
| | | | ||
|''We'' | |''We'' | ||
| Line 270: | Line 270: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''He/ She / It'' | |''He/ She / It'' | ||
|sees | |''sees'' | ||
| | | | ||
|''They'' | |''They'' | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+Present perfect: "have" and " | |+Present perfect: "have" and "has" | ||
!pronoun | !pronoun | ||
!auxiliary verb | !auxiliary verb | ||
| Line 389: | Line 389: | ||
!Plural | !Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
|I had played | |''I had played'' | ||
|We had played | |''We had played'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|You had played | |''You had played'' | ||
|You (plural) had played | |''You (plural) had played'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|He/ She / It had played | |''He/ She / It had played'' | ||
|They had played | |''They had played'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|have/has grown | |have/has grown | ||
|style="background-color:#cccccc" |have/has grew | |style="background-color:#cccccc" |have/has grew | ||
|- | |||
|hang | |||
| | |||
|hang/hung | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|lend | |lend | ||
|lend | |lend | ||
| | |lent | ||
|lending | |lending | ||
|lent | |lent | ||
|have/has lent | |have/has lent | ||
|style="background-color:#cccccc"|have/has lended | | style="background-color:#cccccc" |have/has lended | ||
|- | |- | ||
|swim | |swim | ||
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** ''My favorite Pitcher was Jim Palmer'' << incorrect | ** ''My favorite Pitcher was Jim Palmer'' << incorrect | ||
** ''Jim Palmer was a great Pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles'' << incorrect | ** ''Jim Palmer was a great Pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles'' << incorrect | ||
* seasons are NOT capitalized | |||
** We go to Maine in the summer | |||
=== attributive noun === | === attributive noun === | ||
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** <u>remove</u> "Joey" | ** <u>remove</u> "Joey" | ||
*** ''She gave I a bad grade'' = incorrect | *** ''She gave I a bad grade'' = incorrect | ||
* <u>common wrong pronoun answers include:</u> | |||
** Us kids are going << should be "We kids are going" | |||
*** <u>to test</u>: remove "kids" and you have "Us are going" = incorrect | |||
**** thus, "We are going" works | |||
=== personal pronouns and prepositions === | === personal pronouns and prepositions === | ||
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|late | |late | ||
|late | |late | ||
|} | |||
== prepositions == | |||
* prepositions create a "prepositional phrase" that adds information to a noun, verb, or a sentence, generally | |||
** prepositional phrase = <u>preposition</u> + <u>object of the preposition</u> | |||
* prepositions create a relationship between the modified element and the <u>object of the preposition</u> | |||
** that relationship depends on the preposition | |||
** i.e. the prepositions relate their objects to the rest of the sentence | |||
** prepositions include: | |||
*** '''''about, above, among, at, before, between, by, down, during, for, in, into, near, next to, on, out, out of, to, toward, until, up, upon''''' | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!Subject-Verb | |||
!preposition | |||
!object | |||
!incorrect preposition | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
| colspan="2" | -- prepositional phrase -- | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|''We sat'' | |||
|'''''in''''' | |||
|''the grandstand'' | |||
|''We sat '''for''' the grandstand'' | |||
|- | |||
|''Every afternoon we go'' | |||
|'''''to''''' | |||
|''the bakery'' | |||
|''Every afternoon we go '''on''' the bakery'' | |||
|- | |||
|''The shady spot is'' | |||
|'''''under''''' | |||
|''the tree'' | |||
|''The shady spot is '''over''' the tree'' | |||
|- | |||
|''Stop reading'' | |||
|'''''at''''' | |||
|''the chapter's end'' | |||
|''Stop reading '''for''' the chapter's end'' | |||
|} | |} | ||
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** except = adverb, indicating not included; used similarly to "but" | ** except = adverb, indicating not included; used similarly to "but" | ||
*** ''Every school '''except''' one accepted me.'' | *** ''Every school '''except''' one accepted me.'' | ||
* '''''I have, I'd''''' | |||
* '''''its, it's''''' | * '''''its, it's''''' | ||
** ''its'' = singular possessive pronoun | ** ''its'' = singular possessive pronoun | ||
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* in word usage and writing, we want to avoid unnecessary <u>repetition</u> (redundancy) of words or ideas | * in word usage and writing, we want to avoid unnecessary <u>repetition</u> (redundancy) of words or ideas | ||
* | * '''''again, also, back''''' | ||
** ''The clerk refunded back the money'' << refund = to give back, so "back" is redundant | ** ''The clerk refunded '''back''' the money'' << refund = to give back, so "back" is redundant | ||
** <u>note</u>: college admissions tests will | ** ''In addition, we '''also''' saw the zebras.'' << in addition = also, so "also" is redundant | ||
* <u>note</u>: college admissions tests will also test for redundancy, such as: | |||
** ''Runoff water storage also increases savings on water costs.'' << where "savings" and "costs" are rendundant | |||
== Misc concepts, skills & words == | == Misc concepts, skills & words == | ||