A+ Club Lesson Planner & Study Guide

Grammar for high school admissions tests: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

Grammar for high school admissions tests (view source)

Revision as of 19:56, 13 May 2023

7,921 bytes added ,  13 May 2023
m
→‎Verbs forms to know
VisualWikitext
 
(20 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
General notes about high school admissions tests grammar/ usage sections
* given 4 possible answers, if you see that an answer is clearly wrong, then you know that the other possible answers are correct
* therefore, you can use the 3 correct answers as examples of correct usage/grammar on other questions
== Sentence ==
== Sentence ==


Line 4: Line 9:


* = a grammatically complete thought
* = a grammatically complete thought
** contains a finite verb
** contains a finite verb (= a verb that has a subject)
** makes a complete thought
** makes a complete thought
*** ''The dog is playing.''  
*** ''The dog plays.''  
**** as opposed to ''Since he is playing,'' which is not a complete thought.
**** as opposed to ''Since the dog plays  <<'' not a complete thought
* a sentence can be a combination of '''clauses''' and '''phrases'''
* a sentence can be a combination of '''clauses''' and '''phrases'''
** but every sentence has at its basis a subject and verb
** but every sentence has at its basis a subject and verb (finite verb)
** <u>note</u>: commands or "imperative" verbs are finite verbs, even if the subject is unstated (it is assumed)
** <u>note</u>: commands or "imperative" verbs are finite verbs, even if the subject is unstated (it is assumed)
*** ex.:''Go home!''  = ''[you] Go home!''
*** ex.:''Go home!''  = ''[you] Go home!''
*** this concept will note be on a high school admissions test, but it may be on a college admissions test
*** this concept will note be on a high school admissions test, but it may be on a college admissions test
* a sentence must contain a '''finite verb'''
 
** '''finite verb'''
* see Verb section for more on finite and non-finite verbs
*** = verb that has a subject
*** finite verbs form the <u>predicate</u> of the sentence or clause
** '''predicate''' = the verb and its direct modifiers and objects
** '''non-finite verb''' is a verb that <u>does not have a subject</u>
** see Verb section for more on finite and non-finite verbs


== Clause ==
== Clause ==
* part of a sentence that contains a '''finite verb'''
* part of a sentence that contains a '''finite verb'''
**
 
* if the clause could be a sentence by itself, it is an '''independent clause'''
* if the clause could be a sentence by itself, it is an '''independent clause (IC)'''
* if the clause cannot be a sentence by itself, it is a '''dependent clause'''
* if the clause cannot be a sentence by itself, it is a '''dependent clause (DC)'''


=== independent clause (IC) ===
=== independent clause (IC) ===
* a part of a sentence that contains a finite verb and can be a sentence by itself
* a part of a sentence that contains a finite verb and can be a sentence by itself
* an independent clause that is by itself is a sentence
* an independent clause that is by itself is a sentence
** ex. '''''The dog is playing happily''', since I gave him a bone''
** ex. '''''The dog plays happily''', since I gave him a bone''
*** "The dog is playing happily" could be a complete sentence if by itself, so it is an IC
*** "The dog plays happily" could be a complete sentence if by itself, so it is an IC
*** "since I gave him a bone" would not be a complete sentence if by itself, so it is a DC
*** by adding the dependent clause, "since I gave him a bone," we create a larger sentence.
*** by adding the dependent clause, "since I gave him a bone," we create a larger sentence.


Line 55: Line 56:


* a part of a sentence that contains a finite verb but cannot be a sentence by itself
* a part of a sentence that contains a finite verb but cannot be a sentence by itself
* ex. ''The dog is playing happily, '''since I gave him a bone'''''
* ex. ''The dog plays happily, '''since I gave him a bone'''''
* <u>test</u>:
* <u>to test</u>:
** if the clause by itself leaves a question or remains an inconmplete thought, it is a dependent clause
** if the clause by itself leaves a question or remains an inconmplete thought, it is a dependent clause
*** ''Since it is raining.''
*** ''Since it is raining.''
Line 226: Line 227:
* verb that has a subject
* verb that has a subject
* finite verbs form the <u>predicate</u>
* finite verbs form the <u>predicate</u>
** '''predicate''' = the verb and its direct modifiers and objects
** '''predicate''' = the verb and its direct modifiers, objects & complements


=== non-finite verb ===
=== non-finite verb ===
Line 257: Line 258:
|-
|-
|''I''
|''I''
|see
|''see''
|
|
|''We''
|''We''
Line 269: Line 270:
|-
|-
|''He/ She / It''
|''He/ She / It''
|sees
|''sees''
|
|
|''They''
|''They''
Line 286: Line 287:
** ex. ''The bird flew around the house, then it flies away''
** ex. ''The bird flew around the house, then it flies away''
*** = incorrect because it the tense shifts from past "flew" to present "flies" in the same sentence, which does not make sense
*** = incorrect because it the tense shifts from past "flew" to present "flies" in the same sentence, which does not make sense
** <u>test</u>: match the finite verb tense to another finite verb in the sentence or in a nearby sentence  
** <u>to test</u>: match the finite verb tense to another finite verb in the sentence or in a nearby sentence  
* <u>note</u>: a sentence may contain a different tenses
* <u>note</u>: a sentence may contain a different tenses
** usually it will be in the subjunctive form, which means suggesting a possibility or "if this then that" scenario
** usually it will be in the subjunctive form, which means suggesting a possibility or "if this then that" scenario
Line 322: Line 323:
=== perfect tenses ===
=== perfect tenses ===


* "perfect" tense means that the action is has a specific duration (i.e., it is complete)
* "perfect" tense means that the action has a specific duration (i.e., it is complete)
* <u>note</u>:  
* <u>note</u>:  
** high school and college admissions tests may require identifying correct subject-verb match in the perfect tenses
** high school and college admissions tests may require identifying correct subject-verb match in the perfect tenses
Line 340: Line 341:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Present perfect: "have" and "had"
|+Present perfect: "have" and "has"
!pronoun
!pronoun
!auxiliary verb  
!auxiliary verb  
Line 374: Line 375:
|''have''
|''have''
|''wondered''
|''wondered''
|-
| colspan="7" |<u>Irregular verb</u>:"spend"
|-
|''I''
|''have''
|''spent''
|
|
|
|
|-
|''You''
|''have''
|''spent''
|
|''You (plural)''
|''have''
|''spent''
|-
|''He/ She / It''
|'''''has'''''
|''spent''
|
|''They''
|''have''
|''spent''
|}
|}


* note that the present perfect uses the past tense auxiliary verb (have/has), but the tense is still <u>present tense</u>
* <u>note</u>: the present perfect uses the past tense auxiliary verb (have/has), but the tense is still <u>present tense</u>


==== past perfect ====
==== past perfect ====
Line 409: Line 384:
* indicates an action that was ongoing in the past and stopped happening in the past
* indicates an action that was ongoing in the past and stopped happening in the past
** ''I '''had played''' piano in the past, but I couldn't touch it now''
** ''I '''had played''' piano in the past, but I couldn't touch it now''
* note the singular
{| class="wikitable"
|+Past Perfect
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|''I had played''
|''We had played''
|-
|''You had played''
|''You (plural) had played''
|-
|''He/ She / It had played''
|''They had played''
|}


==== future perfect ====
==== future perfect ====
Line 441: Line 429:
|beginning
|beginning
|begun
|begun
|have/hs begun
|have/has begun
|style="background-color:#cccccc"|have/has began
|style="background-color:#cccccc"|have/has began
|-
|-
Line 456: Line 444:
|drank
|drank
|drinking
|drinking
|drunk
|drunk ("drunken" is also used as
("drunken" is also used  
past participle adjective
as past participle adjective  
|have/has drunk
|have/has drunk
|style="background-color:#cccccc"|have/has drank
|style="background-color:#cccccc"|have/has drank
Line 485: Line 472:
|have/has gone
|have/has gone
|style="background-color:#cccccc" |have/has went
|style="background-color:#cccccc" |have/has went
|-
|grow
|grow/grows
|grew
|growing
|grown
|have/has grown
|style="background-color:#cccccc" |have/has grew
|-
|hang
|
|hang/hung
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|lend
|lend
Line 492: Line 495:
|lent
|lent
|have/has lent
|have/has lent
|style="background-color:#cccccc"|have/has lended
| style="background-color:#cccccc" |have/has lended
|-
|-
|swim
|swim
Line 552: Line 555:
** ''Please pass the salt'' = correct
** ''Please pass the salt'' = correct
** ''May you pass the sale'' = incorrect
** ''May you pass the sale'' = incorrect
=== may v. can ===
* please = asks for permission, or makes a reques
* can = indicates ability
** if the sentence is a request, use "may" instead of "can"


=== teach v. learn ===
=== teach v. learn ===
Line 557: Line 566:
* teach = to provide learning
* teach = to provide learning
* learn = to receive or engage in learning
* learn = to receive or engage in learning
* ex.  
* ex. ''The student learned from what the teacher taught''
** ''89''
** ''The student learned from what the teacher taught''


== Punctuation ==
== Punctuation ==
Line 598: Line 605:
** ''would not >> wouldn't, can not >> can't, will not won't''  
** ''would not >> wouldn't, can not >> can't, will not won't''  


* see '''homophones''' below for more
* contracting "is" on relative pronouns
 
** ''that's easy, who's going?''  
* <u>note</u>: neither high school nor college admissions tests will use an apostrophe as a contraction for "is" or "are" with a common noun
*** = that is easy, who is going
** ex.  ''That elephant's big'' (with the 's" marking a slurred "is" sound in spoken
** <u>note</u>: neither high school nor college admissions tests will use an apostrophe as a contraction for "is" or "are" with common nouns
** or,  ''Those elephants'r big'' (with the 's" marking a slurred "is" sound in spoken
*** ex.  ''That elephant's big'' (with the 's" marking a slurred "is" sound in spoken
*** or,  ''Those elephants'r big'' (with the 's" marking a slurred "is" sound in spoken


3. indicate plurality  
3. indicate plurality  
Line 660: Line 668:
* comma separates a direct quotation from it's introduction
* comma separates a direct quotation from it's introduction
** ''The clown said, "I feel funny."''
** ''The clown said, "I feel funny."''
 
** ''"I feel funny," said the clown.''
* rules:
** uses quotation marks around the quoted words
** first word of the quotation is capitalized
*** He said, "I say."
** if the quotation ends a sentence, it will be followed by a period (often but not always inside the quotation mark)
** the name of the speaker may also follow the quotation
*** ''"A hammer can fix anything," he said, wryly.''
** if a question, will have a question mark
*** ''The clown asked, "Why are you so funny?"''
** if the speaker name is after a quoted question, the question mark replaces the comma:
*** ''"Why are you so funny?" the clown asked.''
* <u>note</u>: if the quoted portion is a fragment of a larger written quotation, the first word is not capitalized
** but that will not be measured on high school admissions tests


'''5. set aside parenthetical information (appositives, relative clauses, etc.)'''
'''5. set aside parenthetical information (appositives, relative clauses, etc.)'''


ex. "Steve, my neighbor, is not very nice."
* ex.  
 
** ''Steve, my neighbor, is not very nice.''
  "Steve, who is my neighbor, is not very nice"
** ''Steve, who is my neighbor, is not very nice''


'''6. separate dates and place names'''
'''6. separate dates and place names'''
Line 719: Line 714:
* sets aside information <u>outside of the grammatical flow</u> of a sentence
* sets aside information <u>outside of the grammatical flow</u> of a sentence
** i.e., the parentheses can interrupt other sentence parts:
** i.e., the parentheses can interrupt other sentence parts:
*** ex.  ''Birds (avian creatures) are amazing''
** ex.   
**** normally, we would not want to separate the subject "birds" from the verb "are" but the parentheses can do that to add important information to the sentence
*** ''Birds (avian creatures) are amazing''
**** note that pairs of commas and dashes work similarly:
*** normally, we would not want to separate the subject "birds" from the verb "are" but the parentheses can do that to add important information to the sentence
*** note that pairs of commas and dashes work similarly:
**** ''Birds, avian creatures,are amazing''
**** ''Birds, avian creatures,are amazing''
**** ''Birds-- avian creatures -- are amazing''
**** ''Birds-- avian creatures -- are amazing''
****
 
* pairs of commas and dashes can act like parentheses
* pairs of commas and dashes can act like parentheses
=== quotation marks ===
*indicate a direct statement by a particular speaker
*a comma separates a direct quotation from it's introduction:
** ''The clown said, "I feel funny."''
** ''"I feel funny," said the clown.''
* rules:
** uses quotation marks around the quoted words
** first word of the quotation is capitalized
*** He said, "I say."
** if the quotation ends a sentence, it will be followed by a period (often but not always inside the quotation mark)
** the name of the speaker may also follow the quotation
*** ''"A hammer can fix anything," he said, wryly.''
** if a question, will have a question mark
*** ''The clown asked, "Why are you so funny?"''
** if the speaker name is after a quoted question, the question mark replaces the comma:
*** ''"Why are you so funny?" the clown asked.''
** exclamation points also replace the comma in a quotation
* <u>note</u>: if the quoted portion is a fragment of a larger written quotation, the first word is not capitalized
** but that will not be measured on high school admissions tests


=== semicolon ===
=== semicolon ===
Line 754: Line 771:
* subordinate clauses (a form of a dependent clause) are generally <u>non-restrictive</u>:
* subordinate clauses (a form of a dependent clause) are generally <u>non-restrictive</u>:
** ''I took the test yesterday, although I was tired.''
** ''I took the test yesterday, although I was tired.''
** ''Although I was tired,I took the test.''
** ''Although I was tired, I took the test.''
* subordinating conjunctions create subordinate clauses (a form of a dependent clause)
* subordinating conjunctions create subordinate clauses (a form of a dependent clause)
** ''although, because, since, while, etc.''
** ''although, because, since, while, etc.''
Line 813: Line 830:
** ''My favorite Pitcher was Jim Palmer'' << incorrect  
** ''My favorite Pitcher was Jim Palmer'' << incorrect  
** ''Jim Palmer was a great Pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles'' << incorrect  
** ''Jim Palmer was a great Pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles'' << incorrect  
* seasons are NOT capitalized
** We go to Maine in the summer


=== attributive noun ===
=== attributive noun ===
Line 834: Line 853:


=== personal pronoun subjective & objective case ===
=== personal pronoun subjective & objective case ===
in compound objects, remove the first noun and test the pronoun
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Subjective
!Example
!Objective
!Example
|-
|I
|''You and I won''
|me
|''They beat you and me''
|-
|you
|''You and I won''
|you
|''They beat you and me''
|-
|he / she/ it
|''He and you won''
|him / her/ it
|''They beat you and her''
|-
|we
|''We beat them''
|us
|''They beat us''
|-
|they
|''They beat us''
|them
|''We beat them''
|}
To test the case of the pronoun in compound subjects or objects:


> Steve and I went to the park.
* remove the first noun and test the pronoun
** ''Steve and I went to the park.''versus
** ''Steve and me went to the park''
** <u>remove</u> "Steve"
*** ''Me went to the park'' = incorrec
** ''She gave Joey and me a bad grade.''
** ''She gave Joey and I a bad grade''
** <u>remove</u> "Joey"
*** ''She gave I a bad grade'' = incorrect


> Steve and me went to the park
* <u>common wrong pronoun answers include:</u>
** Us kids are going  << should be "We kids are going"
*** <u>to test</u>:  remove "kids" and you have "Us are going" = incorrect
**** thus, "We are going" works


me went to the park = wrong
=== personal pronouns and prepositions ===


> She gave Joey and me a bad grade.
* prepositions create a prep phrase


> She gave Joey and I a bad grade
* prepositional phrases consist of
** preposition + object (noun or noun phrase)


remove "joey"
* prepositional phrases always use the OBJECTIVE CASE of personal pronouns
** ''Between you and I, grammar sucks''. versus:
** ''Between you and me, grammar sucks.''
***
** <u>remove</u> "you" and replace "between" with "for"
*** can also be read, ''For you and me, grammar sucks''
*** ''For I, grammar sucks'' << incorrect (subjective case)
*** ''For me, grammar sucks'' << correct (objectives case)
** ''The car stopped right in front of the dog and he.''
** ''The car stopped right in front of the dog and him.''
*** remove "the dog"
*** ''The car stopped right in front of he.'' << incorrect (subjective case)
*** ''The car stopped right in front of him.'' << correct (objective case


she gave I a bad grade = wrong
=== indefinite pronouns ===


=== personal pronouns and prepositions ===
* refer to a person, thing, amount, etc. in general (''any, none, some'') or to all of something (''all, both, each'')
>  prepositions create a prep phrase


> prep prhase contains a
* indefinite pronouns can be singular or plural, depending on wether they refer to one or many/all of something
* the high school admissions test may include subject-verb mismatch when using indefinite pronouns


> preoposition + an object
{| class="wikitable"
|+Singular Indefinite Pronouns
! colspan="4" |third person singular conjugation = ''"s"'' as in ''it goes, it is, it seems''
|-
!indefinite pronoun
!as pronoun
!with preposition
!as determiner
|-
|anyone / anything
|''anything will do''
|''n/a''
|''n/a''
|-
|''each''
|''each goes well''
|''each of them goes well''
|''each dress is pretty''
|-
|''either''
|''either works''
|''either of them works''
|''either choice will do''
|-
|''every / everyone / everything''
|''everyone wants some''
|''everyone of them wants some''
|''every child loves candy''
|-
|''much''
|''much is missing''
|''much of that is gone''
|''much fun was had''
|-
|''neither''
|''neither agrees''
|''neither of them agrees''
|''neither witness agrees''
|-
|''no one''
|''no one feels''
|''n/a''
|''n/a''
|-
|''nothing''
|''nothing is good''
|''n/a''
|''n/a''
|-
|''one / someone''
|''one wants''
|''one of them wants''
|''one boy wants''
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Plural Indefinite Pronouns
! colspan="4" |third person plural conjugation = ''they are, they go, they believe (no "s")''
|-
!indefinite pronoun
!pronoun example
!with preposition
!as determiner
|-
|all
|all are fine
|all of them are fine
|all choices work
|-
|both
|''both are fine''
|both of them are fine
|both choices work
|-
|few
|''few go there''
|few of them go
|few people go
|-
|many
|''many are the brave''
|many of them are
|many people are
|-
|others
|''others know enough''
|
|
|-
|several
|several are bringing lunch
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Singular or Plural Indefinite Pronouns
! colspan="3" |third person plural conjugation = ''they are, they go, they believe (no "s")''
|-
!indefinite pronoun
!singular
!plural
|-
|all
|''all is well here''
|all are well
|-
|any
|''any of them is fine''
|any of them are okay
|-
|most
|the most works
|most work
|-
|none
|''none goes well''
|none go well
|-
|some
|some is enough
|some are not enough
|-
|
|
|
|}


Between you and I, grammar sucks.  x b/c I = subjective
* '''''each, every, few, some,''''' etc. can be either a determiner (modifier) or pronoun
 
** as determiners, these words modify a noun:
Between you and me, grammar sucks.
*** ''every person thinks so, few people think so''
 
*** some bees sting, all vehicles
The car stopped right in front of the dog and he.
** as pronouns, they are the subject of a sentence
 
The car stopped right in front of the dog and him.


== Adjective ==
== Adjective ==
Line 896: Line 1,098:
** ''He yelled angrily'' << correct
** ''He yelled angrily'' << correct
*** or ''He is angry'' << the adjective "angry" is the subject complement connected by the linking verb "is"
*** or ''He is angry'' << the adjective "angry" is the subject complement connected by the linking verb "is"
* adverbs that do not use the '''''-ly'''''
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!adverb
!adjective
|-
|better
|better
|-
|fast
|fast
|-
|hard
|hard
|-
|late
|late
|}
== prepositions ==
* prepositions create a "prepositional phrase" that adds information to a noun, verb, or a sentence, generally
** prepositional phrase = <u>preposition</u> + <u>object of the preposition</u>
* prepositions create a relationship between the modified element and the <u>object of the preposition</u>
** that relationship depends on the preposition
** i.e. the prepositions relate their objects to the rest of the sentence
** prepositions include:
*** '''''about, above, among, at, before, between, by, down, during, for, in, into, near, next to, on, out, out of, to, toward, until, up, upon'''''
{| class="wikitable"
!Subject-Verb
!preposition
!object
!incorrect preposition
|-
|
| colspan="2" | -- prepositional phrase --
|
|-
|''We sat''
|'''''in'''''
|''the grandstand''
|''We sat '''for''' the grandstand''
|-
|''Every afternoon we go''
|'''''to'''''
|''the bakery''
|''Every afternoon we go '''on''' the bakery''
|-
|''The shady spot is''
|'''''under'''''
|''the tree''
|''The shady spot is '''over''' the tree''
|-
|''Stop reading''
|'''''at'''''
|''the chapter's end''
|''Stop reading '''for''' the chapter's end''
|}
== homophones ==
* words that sound the same (or about the same) but spell and mean differently
* high school assessment tests will commonly use:
* '''''accept, except'''''
** accept = verb, to welcome or admit
*** ''The school '''accepted''' me!''
** except = adverb, indicating not included; used similarly to "but"
*** ''Every school '''except''' one accepted me.''
* '''''I have, I'd'''''
* '''''its, it's'''''
** ''its'' = singular possessive pronoun
** ''it's'' = contraction of "it is"
* '''''there, they're, their'''''
** ''there'' = indicates specificity or location
** ''they're'' = contraction of "they are"
** ''their'' = plural possessive pronoun
* '''''then, than'''''
** ''then'' = indicates a chronology (next) or a prior time ("since then")
** ''than'' = makes a comparison
* '''''to, too, two'''''
** ''to'' = preposition (or particle) indicating a direction or purpose
** ''too'' = also
*** ''two'' = 2
* '''''wear, we're, were, where'''''
** ''wear'' = to have clothes on
** ''we're'' = contraction of "we are"
** ''were'' = plural simple past tense of "to be"
** ''where'' = indicates location or situation
* '''''who's, whose'''''
** ''who's'' = contraction for "who is"
** ''whose'' = possessive form of the pronoun "who"
* '''''you're, your'''''
** you're = contraction for "you are"
** your = possessive form of "you"
* others may include:
** '''''capital, capitol'''''
*** ''capital'' = the offical or main city or place of a state or country
**** can also mean: "money," "head of"
*** ''capitol'' = the building in which the government resides or operates
** '''''site, cite, sight'''''
** '''''fare, fair'''''
** '''''peace, piece'''''
* note: compare to ''homonyms'', which are words that spell the same but pronounce or mean differently
** ex. "bark" can mean the sound a dog makes or the skin of a tree
** high school and college admissions tests will not measure this concept
== Redundancy ==
* in word usage and writing, we want to avoid unnecessary <u>repetition</u> (redundancy) of words or ideas
* '''''again, also, back'''''
** ''The clerk refunded '''back''' the money''  << refund = to give back, so "back" is redundant
** ''In addition, we '''also''' saw the zebras.''  << in addition = also, so "also" is redundant
* <u>note</u>: college admissions tests will also test for redundancy, such as:
** ''Runoff water storage also increases savings on water costs.''  << where "savings" and "costs" are rendundant


== Misc concepts, skills & words ==
== Misc concepts, skills & words ==
Line 922: Line 1,242:
** just know that ''either'' goes with ''or'' and ''neither'' goes with ''nor''
** just know that ''either'' goes with ''or'' and ''neither'' goes with ''nor''


=== homophones ===
**
 
* words that sound the same but spell differently
 
* high school will commonly use:
** '''''there, they're, their'''''
*** ''there'' = indicates specificity or location
*** ''they're'' = contraction of "they are"
*** ''their'' = plural possessive pronoun
** '''''its, it's'''''
*** ''its'' = singular possessive pronoun
*** ''it's'' = contraction of "it is"
** '''''then, than'''''
*** ''then'' = indicates a chronology (next) or a prior time ("since then")
*** ''than'' = makes a comparison
** '''''to, too, two'''''
*** ''to'' = preposition (or particle) indicating a direction or purpose
*** ''too'' = also
**** ''two'' = 2
* college admissions tests may also use:
** ''site, cite, sight''
** ''fare, fair''
* note: compare to ''homonyms'', which are words that spell the same but pronounce or mean differently
** ex. "bark" can mean the sound a dog makes or the skin of a tree
** high school and college admissions tests will not measure this concept


=== many v. much ===
=== many v. much ===
Line 995: Line 1,291:
*** = ''She said [that] the test was super easy''
*** = ''She said [that] the test was super easy''
**** so quotation marks are not necessary
**** so quotation marks are not necessary
=== "that there" error ===
* ''That there dog is mean''  << incorrect because "that" and "there" are used incorrectly as adverbs to modify noun
* it could be written:
** ''That dog there is mean''
*** "there" is now an adverb modifying the verb "is"
*** and "that" is a determiner (indicates a specific dog, as in "that one")
* or, if "that" is used as a relative pronoun:
** ''What he means to say is '''that''' there are too many to choose from.'' < "that" = relative pronoun, and "there" is an adverb
[[Category:Language Arts]]
[[Category:Language Arts]]
[[Category:Grammar]]
[[Category:Grammar]]
Retrieved from "https://school4schools.wiki/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/4106...4129"