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Social Studies skills: Difference between revisions
adding / cleaning economics section
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===Isolation=== | ===Isolation=== | ||
* details | * details | ||
===Movement=== | ===Movement=== | ||
* geographic barriers to movement = | * geographic barriers to movement = | ||
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** cultures, technologies, [[disease]], religions, identities, | ** cultures, technologies, [[disease]], religions, identities, | ||
* through Trade, Migration & Warfare | * through Trade, Migration & Warfare | ||
* See also: [[Movement]] | |||
=== Geography & Cultural Diffusion === | === Geography & Cultural Diffusion === | ||
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** radio / TV | ** radio / TV | ||
** | ** | ||
* See [[Human Geography]] | * See also | ||
** [[Human Geography]] | |||
** [[Movement]] | |||
=== Cultural Diffusion as Historical Agent === | === Cultural Diffusion as Historical Agent === | ||
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== Distribution of Power == | == Distribution of Power == | ||
==Open v. Closed Societies== | ==Open v. Closed Societies== | ||
>> todo: bring in Mancur Olson and Theory of Groups >> see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mancur_Olson wiki entry Mancur Olson] about how interests tend to coalesce over time and focus on protection of gains, stifling innovation... organizations become "congealed" (from("How Phil Falcone Was LightSnared" WSJ, Homlan W. Jenkins, Jr. 2/18/2012") and resist competition and protect the status quo | >> todo: bring in Mancur Olson and Theory of Groups >> see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mancur_Olson wiki entry Mancur Olson] about how interests tend to coalesce over time and focus on protection of gains, stifling innovation... organizations become "congealed" (from("How Phil Falcone Was LightSnared" WSJ, Homlan W. Jenkins, Jr. 2/18/2012") and resist competition and protect the status quo | ||
==Order v. Chaos== | ==Order v. Chaos== | ||
== Certainty v. Uncertainty == | == Certainty v. Uncertainty == | ||
=== Ritual === | === Ritual === | ||
* to bring certainty to uncertain events | * to bring certainty to uncertain events | ||
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** Xerxes punishes the Hellesepont for disobeying him | ** Xerxes punishes the Hellesepont for disobeying him | ||
*** after a storm wrecked his boat-bridge across the Hellesponte, Xerxes ordered soldiers to whip its surface in punishment for insubordination | *** after a storm wrecked his boat-bridge across the Hellesponte, Xerxes ordered soldiers to whip its surface in punishment for insubordination | ||
== risk v. reward == | == risk v. reward == | ||
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** From Discourses on Livy, CHAPTER XVI | ** From Discourses on Livy, CHAPTER XVI | ||
*** select expand to see quotation | *** select expand to see quotation | ||
== Economics == | |||
=== Comparative Advantage=== | === Comparative Advantage=== | ||
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*** see New Yorker article on subject Dec/ 2010 >> to confirm | *** see New Yorker article on subject Dec/ 2010 >> to confirm | ||
=== Other useful Economics terms and concepts === | |||
* Tragedy of the Commons | |||
* Externalities | |||
* Scarcity v. Surplus | |||
* [[Tragedy of the Commons]] | |||
* Regression to the Mean (return to the mean) | |||
* Diminishing Returns | |||
* Pareto Principle | |||
* * 80/20 rule | |||
== Logic == | == Logic == | ||
=== necessary and sufficient conditions === | === necessary and sufficient conditions === | ||
* necessary conditions | * necessary conditions | ||
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* “Never assume malice when incompetence will do” | * “Never assume malice when incompetence will do” | ||
**from wiki: A similar quotation appears in Robert A. Heinlein's 1941 short story "Logic of Empire" ("You have attributed conditions to villainy that simply result from stupidity"); this was noticed in 1996 (five years before Bigler identified the Robert J. Hanlon citation) and first referenced in version 4.0.0 of the Jargon File,[3] with speculation that Hanlon's Razor might be a corruption of "Heinlein's Razor". "Heinlein's Razor" has since been defined as variations on Never attribute to malice that which can be adequately explained by stupidity, but don't rule out malice.[4] Yet another similar epigram ("Never ascribe to malice that which is adequately explained by incompetence") has been widely attributed to Napoleon Bonaparte.[5] Another similar quote appears in Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774): "...misunderstandings and neglect create more confusion in this world than trickery and malice. At any rate, the last two are certainly much less frequent." | **from wiki: A similar quotation appears in Robert A. Heinlein's 1941 short story "Logic of Empire" ("You have attributed conditions to villainy that simply result from stupidity"); this was noticed in 1996 (five years before Bigler identified the Robert J. Hanlon citation) and first referenced in version 4.0.0 of the Jargon File,[3] with speculation that Hanlon's Razor might be a corruption of "Heinlein's Razor". "Heinlein's Razor" has since been defined as variations on Never attribute to malice that which can be adequately explained by stupidity, but don't rule out malice.[4] Yet another similar epigram ("Never ascribe to malice that which is adequately explained by incompetence") has been widely attributed to Napoleon Bonaparte.[5] Another similar quote appears in Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774): "...misunderstandings and neglect create more confusion in this world than trickery and malice. At any rate, the last two are certainly much less frequent." | ||
=== Confirmation bias === | === Confirmation bias === | ||
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==Standards/ Standardization== | ==Standards/ Standardization== | ||
=== Money == | === Money === | ||
notes to do: | notes to do: | ||