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== Major wars & events general timeline ==
== Major wars & events general timeline ==


=== Major wars timeline (only) ===
* Causes and effects of wars helps us to understand broader US History
* Wars are also useful for a timeline reference
** i.e., if you know that the Civil War occurred 1861-1865
*** then if you see an event or person associated with a date, for example, of 1858
*** then you will know that that event or person may be understood in terms of the coming Civil War
 
=== US Wars timeline ===
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
!Dates
!Major Wars
|-
|'''1754-1763'''
|'''French-Indian War'''
|- style="background-color:#efefef;"
|
'''1775-1781'''
|'''Revolutionary War'''
|-
|'''1812-1815'''
|'''War of 1812'''
|-
|'''1846-48'''
|'''Mexican-American War'''
|- style="background-color:#efefef;"
| rowspan="2" |
'''1861-65'''
| rowspan="2" |
'''U.S. Civil War'''
|- style="background-color:#efefef;"
|-
|'''1898'''
|'''Spanish-American war'''
|-
|
'''1917-18'''
|'''WWI'''
|- style="background-color:#efefef;"
| rowspan="2" |
'''1941-45'''
| rowspan="2" |'''WWII'''
|- style="background-color:#efefef;"
 
|-
|
'''1946-1989'''
|'''Cold War'''
|-
|'''1950-1953'''
|'''Korean War'''
|- style="background-color:#efefef;"
|
'''1959-1965'''
|'''Vietnam: U.S. intervention'''
|-
|'''1965-1972'''
|'''Vietnam: U.S. ground & aeriel war'''
|-
|'''1990-91'''
|'''Gulf War'''
|-
|'''2002-2021'''
|'''Afghanistan War'''
|-
|
'''2002-2021'''
|'''Iraq War'''
|-
|}
 
=== Major wars timeline with associate events & minor wars ===
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
!Dates
!Dates
!Major War
!Major Wars
!Dates
!Dates
!Major Events / Minor Wars
!Other Events & Minor Wars
|-
|-
| '''1754-1763'''
|'''1754-1763'''
| '''French-Indian War'''
|'''French-Indian War'''
|1763-1783
|1763-1783
|American Revolution
|American Revolution
|-style="background-color:#efefef;"
|- style="background-color:#efefef;"
|
|
'''1775-1781'''
'''1775-1781'''
| '''Revolutionary War'''
|'''Revolutionary War'''
|1789
|1789
|US Constitution adopted
|US Constitution adopted
Line 26: Line 94:
|'''1846-48'''
|'''1846-48'''
|'''Mexican-American War'''
|'''Mexican-American War'''
|1812-15
|1812-1815
|War of 1812  
|War of 1812
|-style="background-color:#efefef;"
|- style="background-color:#efefef;"
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |
'''1861-65'''
'''1861-65'''
Line 34: Line 102:
'''U.S. Civil War'''
'''U.S. Civil War'''
|1850
|1850
|"Compromise of 1850"  
|"Compromise of 1850"
|-style="background-color:#efefef;"
|- style="background-color:#efefef;"
|1865-1877
|1865-1877
|Reconstruction period
|Reconstruction period
Line 44: Line 112:
|1898
|1898
|Spanish-American War
|Spanish-American War
|-style="background-color:#efefef;"
|- style="background-color:#efefef;"
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |
'''1941-45'''
'''1941-45'''
Line 50: Line 118:
|1930s
|1930s
|Great Depression
|Great Depression
|-style="background-color:#efefef;"
|- style="background-color:#efefef;"
|1950s-60s
|1940s-1960s
|Civil Rights Movement
|Civil Rights Movement
|-
|-
|
| rowspan="2" |
'''1946-1989'''
'''1946-1989'''
|'''Cold War'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Cold War'''
|1950-1953
|1950-1953
|Korean War
|Korean War
|-style="background-color:#efefef;"
|-
|1962
|Cuban Missile Crisis
|- style="background-color:#efefef;"
|
|
'''1965-1972'''
'''1965-1972'''
|'''Vietnam: U.S. ground & aeriel war'''
|'''Vietnam: U.S. ground & aeriel war'''
|1959-65
|1959-1965
|Vietnam War: US intervention
|Vietnam War: US intervention
|-
|'''1990-1991'''
|'''Gulf War'''
|1991
|Soviet Union dissolved
|-
|-
|
|
'''2002-2021'''
'''2002-2021'''
|'''Afghanistan War'''
|'''Afghanistan War'''
|2003-11
|2003-2011
|Iraq War/ "War on Terror"
|Iraq War/ "War on Terror"
|-
|-
Line 75: Line 151:


== Major periods of US History ==
== Major periods of US History ==
* "periods" are eras (or times) that have a some commonality
* that we can look upon to understand and define an era
** no single period is completely distinct from any other
** but organizing US History into "periods" makes it more understandable


=== Major periods timeline ===
=== Major periods timeline ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Dates
!Dates
!Period
!Period
!BIG IDEAS
|-
|-
|1609-1763
|1609-1763
|Early colonial period
|Early colonial period
|
* earliest colonization =
** Jamestown, Virginia
** Plymouth, Massachusetts
* 13 colonies are established under British rule
|-
|-
|1763-1775
|1763-1775
|colonial revolutionary period
|colonial revolutionary period
|
* British government cracks down on colonies with
** taxes & regulations
** British army & British-appointed judges and governors
* American colonists protest and agitate for rights and self-government
|-
|-
|1775-1783
|1775-1783
|Revolutionary War period
|Revolutionary War period
|
* in the 1776 Declaration of Independence, the 13 colonies declare themselves independent of British rule
* 13 colonies organize loose "confederation" to fight British
* Americans win the war and become fully independent of Britain
* each colony now becomes an independent state
|-
|-
|1783-1789
|1783-1789
|Articles of Confederation period
|Articles of Confederation period
|
* the 13 states form the United States of America under the "Articles of Confederation"
** "confederation = a loose union of independent states
* start to organize the new territories & lands taken from the British
** between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River
* each state largely governs itself and as a consequence, there are
** conflicting laws
** conflicting currencies
** no organization or war debts
** generally ineffective national government
* in 1787 representatives of the 13 states gather in Philadelphia to create a new government
** called the "Constitutional Convention
** it is sent to the states for "adoption" (agreement of each state to join)


|-
|-
|1789-1820
|1789-1820
|Early Republic period
|Early Republic period
|
* 1789 the new government is established under the U.S. Constitution
* the Constitution establishes many powers for the new "federal" government
* George Washington becomes the 1st President
** he establishes its legitimacy (accepted by the people) and authority (power)
* political parties (political affiliations) arise as different states and "factions" (like-minded people) arise
* there is great animosity (hatred) and division between the parties
* 1800 election is contentious (disputed) and divisive
** still, the outcome is accepted and Thomas Jefferson becomes President
** the election is called the "Revolution of 1800" because
*** despite bitterness and division, power was peacefully transferred from presidents Adams to Jefferson
* subsequently. the American people develop a sense of national unity and pride
|-
|-
|1820s-1861
|1820s-1861
|mid-century "Antebellum" period
|mid-century "Antebellum" period
("before the war")
("before the war")
|
* the early- to mid- 1800s mark periods of economic, population & territorial growth
* it is also a period of extensive expansion of slavery across the South ("cotton economy")
* the U.S. expands its territory across the entire continent following the 1846 Mexican-American War
** the U.S. seizes from Mexico western territories (modern New Mexico, Arizona, California and parts of other states)
* the expansion of the U.S. leads to division and political conflict over the spread of slavery
* deals in Congress to manage the issues of slavery and other economic and tax issues
** leads to "sectional" division between "the North" and "the South"
|-
|-
|1861-1877
|1861-1877
|Civil War & Reconstruction period
|Civil War & Reconstruction period
|
* with election of the northerner, Abe Lincoln, southern states "secede" (separate themselves from) the Union of states
** "Union" = the joining of states under the United States Constitution
** southern states create a new government, "The Confederate States of America"
* 1861-65, "Civil War" between "the Union" (North) and "the Confederacy" (South)
* the Union wins and commences a program of "Reconstruction" of the Union =
** re-uniting the southern states with the Union
** abolishing slavery and protecting the rights of the freed slaves
* "Reconstruction" in the South required occupation of southern states by northern "Union" armies
** the disputed presidential election of 1876 leads to a deal to decide the election in favor of a Republican
** in exchange for removal of U.S. troops from the South
** with removal of those troops, Reconstruction ends
|-
|-
|1877-1917
|1877-1917
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& Progressive periods
& Progressive periods
|
* following the Civil War, northern states "industrialize"
** railroads are built across the country, connecting trade and markets across the continent
** steel and other factories grow in size and create huge demand for labor (workers)
* after 1877, southern states enact "segregation" laws to limit the rights of blacks (former slaves)
* millions of immigrants come to the US from Europe and Asia (Japan and China)
** looking for jobs in the factories, railroads and for cheap land
** with the immigration populations of major cities explode
** which causes problems with sanitation, living & working conditions, health care, etc.
* in 1898, the U.S. engages in its first truly "imperialistic" war
** by attacking Spanish colonies of Cuba, Puerto Rico and Philippines
** the U.S. for the first time goes to war outside of the continental United States
** thus, it is called "imperialism" for trying to impose rule of one country on another country that is somewhere else
* from the 1890s-1917, many "reform" (looking for change) movements arise, especially
** to "clean" the cities and provide better living and working conditions for the poor
** to "clean" politics from corruption and entrenched (deeply situated) powers
** to regulate and control big companies and their economic power
|-
|-
|1917-1945
|1917-1945
|WWI, Great Depression & WWII periods
|WWI, Great Depression & WWII periods
|
* in 1917, the US enters a major war in Europe, which is now calle "World War I"
** it is the first American military involvement in Europe
* into the 1920s, the US economy grew tremendously
** called the "Roaring Twenties"
** new consumer products (autos, telephones, radios) and business investments
** in Oct, 1929, the New York stock exchange collapsed ("Crash of '29")
** an economic depression followed
* Great Depression, 1929-1941
** period of economic decline and disruption (bank failures, job loss, etc.)
** the 1933-35 "New Deal" attempted to fix the Depression
*** it provided "relief" (help) to people with jobs and pay
*** but it did not resolve the economic decline
* during the 1930s Japan and Germany invaded other countries
* Dec 7, 1941, Japan bombed a U.S. Naval base, Pearl Harbor, in Hawaii (middle of Pacific Ocean)
** subsequently the U.S. went to war against Japan in Asia and Germany in North Africa and Europe
* the U.S. "mobilized" (put to common effort) the entire population, including
** millions of soldiers sent to the War
** women working in factories and other jobs in place of the men
** Americans of all races joined the war effort
* the U.S. and its allies defeated German and Japan in 1945
|-
|-
|1945-1991
|1945-1991
|"American Century" & Cold War period
|"American Century" & Cold War period
|
* following WWII, the United States dominated the world economically and politically
** thus the 20th Century is called the "American Century"
* however, the Soviet Union (communist Russia), which fought the Germans in conjunction with the Americans
** occupied eastern Europe and placed those countries under communist rule
* the US and its "Western" (non-communist) allies opposed Soviet expansion
** politically, by helping non-communist countries and opposing communist ideas ("ideology")
** militarily by supplying countries with arms, direct American military presence, and direct military wars
*** 1950-1954: Korean War
*** 1959-1975: Vietnam War
*** the U.S. did not directly fight against the Soviets in these wars
*** instead the U.S. fought the Soviet communist allies in those countries
* the US and Soviets both built extensive nuclear weapons
** so each side had the power to blow up the other
** this kept peace between them because if one attacked the other it would get blown up by nuclear reprisal (fighting back)
* in 1989, the Soviet Union broke apart due to its poor economy, political corruption
** which were the result of the communist system
|-
|-
|1991-today
|1991-today
|Modern globalism period
|Modern globalism period
|
* after the collapse of the Soviet Union, all nations were more free to trade and invest in each other
* China, especially, embraced the new conditions and opened itself as a manufacturing base
** other countries also experienced rapid economic growth
* however, wars, disease, famines, persist into the world of today, including
** US involvement in Afghanistan and Iraq wars
** civil wars in Africa, Myanmar, eastern Europe
** political instability across the Mideast
|}
|}


=== Major periods timeline w/ notes & details ===
=== Major periods timeline w/ notes & details ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Dates
!Dates
!Period
!Period
Line 254: Line 209:
|-
|-
|1609-1763
|1609-1763
|Early colonial period
|Early Colonial
|
|
* earliest colonization =
* earliest colonization =
** Jamestown, Virginia  
** Jamestown, Virginia
** Plymouth, Massachusetts
** Plymouth, Massachusetts
* 13 colonies are established under British rule
* 13 colonies are established under British rule
|-
|-
|1763-1775
|1763-1775
|colonial revolutionary period
|American Revolution
|
|
* British government cracks down on colonies with
* British government cracks down on colonies with
Line 270: Line 225:
|-
|-
|1775-1783
|1775-1783
|Revolutionary War period
|Revolutionary War
Independence
|
|
* in the 1776 Declaration of Independence, the 13 colonies declare themselves independent of British rule
* in the 1776 Declaration of Independence, the 13 colonies declare themselves independent of British rule
Line 278: Line 234:
|-
|-
|1783-1789
|1783-1789
|Articles of Confederation period
|Articles of Confederation
|
|
* the 13 states form the United States of America under the "Articles of Confederation"
* the 13 states form the United States of America under the "Articles of Confederation"
** "confederation = a loose union of independent states
** "confederation = a loose union of independent states
* start to organize the new territories & lands taken from the British  
* start to organize the new territories & lands taken from the British  
** between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River  
** between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River
* each state largely governs itself and as a consequence, there are
* each state largely governs itself and as a consequence, there are
** conflicting laws
** conflicting laws
Line 295: Line 251:
|-
|-
|1789-1820
|1789-1820
|Early Republic period
|Early Republic
|
|
* 1789 the new government is established under the U.S. Constitution  
* 1789 the new government is established under the U.S. Constitution
* the Constitution establishes many powers for the new "federal" government
* the Constitution establishes many powers for the new "federal" government
* George Washington becomes the 1st President
* George Washington becomes the 1st President
Line 310: Line 266:
|-
|-
|1820s-1861
|1820s-1861
|mid-century "Antebellum" period
|Antebellum ("before the war")
("before the war")
|
|
* the early- to mid- 1800s mark periods of economic, population & territorial growth
* the early- to mid- 1800s mark periods of economic, population & territorial growth
Line 322: Line 277:
|-
|-
|1861-1877
|1861-1877
|Civil War & Reconstruction period
|Civil War
Reconstruction
|
|
* with election of the northerner, Abe Lincoln, southern states "secede" (separate themselves from) the Union of states
* with election of the northerner, Abe Lincoln, southern states "secede" (separate themselves from) the Union of states
** "Union" = the joining of states under the United States Constitution  
** "Union" = the joining of states under the United States Constitution
** southern states create a new government, "The Confederate States of America"
** southern states create a new government, "The Confederate States of America"
* 1861-65, "Civil War" between "the Union" (North) and "the Confederacy" (South)
* 1861-65, "Civil War" between "the Union" (North) and "the Confederacy" (South)
Line 337: Line 293:
|-
|-
|1877-1917
|1877-1917
|Industrialization, Segregation,
|Industrialization
Immigration, Imperialism  
Segregation  
Immigration  
 
Imperialism  


& Progressive periods
Progressive Era
|
|
* following the Civil War, northern states "industrialize"
* following the Civil War, northern states "industrialize"
Line 355: Line 314:
** thus, it is called "imperialism" for trying to impose rule of one country on another country that is somewhere else
** thus, it is called "imperialism" for trying to impose rule of one country on another country that is somewhere else
* from the 1890s-1917, many "reform" (looking for change) movements arise, especially  
* from the 1890s-1917, many "reform" (looking for change) movements arise, especially  
** to "clean" the cities and provide better living and working conditions for the poor  
** to "clean" the cities and provide better living and working conditions for the poor
** to "clean" politics from corruption and entrenched (deeply situated) powers
** to "clean" politics from corruption and entrenched (deeply situated) powers
** to regulate and control big companies and their economic power
** to regulate and control big companies and their economic power
|-
|-
|1917-1945
|1917-1945
|WWI, Great Depression & WWII periods
|WWI
1920s
 
Great Depression  
 
WWII
|
|
* in 1917, the US enters a major war in Europe, which is now calle "World War I"
* in 1917, the US enters a major war in Europe, which is now calle "World War I"
Line 380: Line 344:
** millions of soldiers sent to the War
** millions of soldiers sent to the War
** women working in factories and other jobs in place of the men
** women working in factories and other jobs in place of the men
** Americans of all races joined the war effort  
** Americans of all races joined the war effort
* the U.S. and its allies defeated German and Japan in 1945
* the U.S. and its allies defeated German and Japan in 1945
|-
|-
|1945-1991
|1945-1991
|"American Century" & Cold War period
|Cold War
 
"American Century"  
 
|
|
* following WWII, the United States dominated the world economically and politically
* following WWII, the United States dominated the world economically and politically
Line 404: Line 371:
|-
|-
|1991-today
|1991-today
|Modern globalism period
|Modern globalism
|
|
* after the collapse of the Soviet Union, all nations were more free to trade and invest in each other
* after the collapse of the Soviet Union, all nations were more free to trade and invest in each other
* China, especially, embraced the new conditions and opened itself as a manufacturing base
* China, especially, embraced the new conditions and opened itself as a manufacturing base
** other countries also experienced rapid economic growth  
** other countries also experienced rapid economic growth
* however, wars, disease, famines, persist into the world of today, including
* however, wars, disease, famines, persist into the world of today, including
** US involvement in Afghanistan and Iraq wars
** US involvement in Afghanistan and Iraq wars
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